一文分享10个让你效率翻10倍的Python脚本(拿来直接用)

import os

def extract_filenames(folder_path, output_file):
    """
    提取文件夹内所有文件名并保存

    参数：
        folder_path: 目标文件夹路径
        output_file: 输出文件路径（.txt或.xlsx）
    """

    # 获取所有文件名
    filenames = []
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(folder_path):
        for file in files:
            full_path = os.path.join(root, file)
            relative_path = os.path.relpath(full_path, folder_path)
            filenames.append(relative_path)

    # 保存到文件
    with open(output_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        for name in filenames:
            f.write(name + '\n')

    print(f'已提取 {len(filenames)} 个文件名，保存到: {output_file}')

# 使用示例
extract_filenames(r'C:\项目资料', '文件清单.txt')

import os

def create_project_structure(base_path, structure):
    """
    根据配置创建文件夹结构

    参数：
        base_path: 根目录路径
        structure: 文件夹结构（列表或字典）
    """

    def create_folder(path):
        if not os.path.exists(path):
            os.makedirs(path)
            print(f'创建文件夹: {path}')

    if isinstance(structure, dict):
        for folder, subfolders in structure.items():
            folder_path = os.path.join(base_path, folder)
            create_folder(folder_path)
            if subfolders:
                create_project_structure(folder_path, subfolders)
    elif isinstance(structure, list):
        for folder in structure:
            folder_path = os.path.join(base_path, folder)
            create_folder(folder_path)

    print('\n文件夹结构创建完成！')

# 使用示例
project_structure = {
    '01_需求文档': ['原始需求', '需求分析', '原型图'],
    '02_设计稿': ['UI设计', '交互设计'],
    '03_开发文档': ['技术方案', '接口文档'],
    '04_测试报告': ['测试用例', '测试结果'],
    '05_交付文档': ['用户手册', '部署文档']
}

create_project_structure(r'D:\新项目', project_structure)

from PIL import Image
import os

def convert_images(input_folder, output_folder, target_format='jpg'):
    """
    批量转换图片格式

    参数：
        input_folder: 输入文件夹
        output_folder: 输出文件夹
        target_format: 目标格式（jpg/png/webp）
    """

    if not os.path.exists(output_folder):
        os.makedirs(output_folder)

    supported_formats = ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.bmp', '.webp', '.gif']
    converted = 0

    for filename in os.listdir(input_folder):
        if any(filename.lower().endswith(ext) for ext in supported_formats):
            try:
                img_path = os.path.join(input_folder, filename)
                img = Image.open(img_path)

                # 处理透明通道（PNG转JPG时需要）
                if img.mode == 'RGBA':
                    img = img.convert('RGB')

                new_name = os.path.splitext(filename)[0] + f'.{target_format}'
                output_path = os.path.join(output_folder, new_name)

                img.save(output_path, target_format.upper())
                converted += 1
                print(f'转换成功: {filename} -> {new_name}')

            except Exception as e:
                print(f'转换失败: {filename}, 错误: {e}')

    print(f'\n转换完成！共处理 {converted} 张图片')

# 使用示例
convert_images(r'C:\原始图片', r'C:\转换后图片', 'jpg')

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import os
from urllib.parse import urljoin

def download_images_from_web(url, output_folder):
    """
    下载网页中所有图片

    参数：
        url: 网页地址
        output_folder: 保存文件夹
    """

    if not os.path.exists(output_folder):
        os.makedirs(output_folder)

    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36'}
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

    images = soup.find_all('img')
    downloaded = 0

    for i, img in enumerate(images):
        try:
            img_url = img.get('src') or img.get('data-src')
            if not img_url:
                continue

            if not img_url.startswith('http'):
                img_url = urljoin(url, img_url)

            img_response = requests.get(img_url, headers=headers, timeout=10)

            ext = os.path.splitext(img_url)[1] or '.jpg'
            if ext not in ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif', '.webp']:
                ext = '.jpg'

            filename = f'image_{i+1:03d}{ext}'
            filepath = os.path.join(output_folder, filename)

            with open(filepath, 'wb') as f:
                f.write(img_response.content)

            downloaded += 1
            print(f'下载成功: {filename}')

        except Exception as e:
            print(f'下载失败: {img_url[:50]}... 错误: {e}')

    print(f'\n下载完成！共下载 {downloaded} 张图片')

# 使用示例
download_images_from_web('https://example.com/gallery', r'C:\下载图片')

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
import os

def send_email(config):
    """
    发送邮件（支持附件）

    参数：
        config: 邮件配置字典
            - sender: 发件人邮箱
            - password: 邮箱授权码（不是登录密码）
            - receiver: 收件人邮箱
            - subject: 邮件主题
            - content: 邮件内容
            - attachments: 附件列表（可选）
    """

    msg = MIMEMultipart()
    msg['From'] = config['sender']
    msg['To'] = config['receiver']
    msg['Subject'] = config['subject']

    msg.attach(MIMEText(config['content'], 'plain', 'utf-8'))

    if 'attachments' in config:
        for file_path in config['attachments']:
            if os.path.exists(file_path):
                with open(file_path, 'rb') as f:
                    part = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
                    part.set_payload(f.read())
                    encoders.encode_base64(part)
                    part.add_header('Content-Disposition',
                                   f'attachment; filename="{os.path.basename(file_path)}"')
                    msg.attach(part)

    try:
        server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.qq.com', 465)
        server.login(config['sender'], config['password'])
        server.sendmail(config['sender'], config['receiver'], msg.as_string())
        server.quit()
        print('邮件发送成功！')
    except Exception as e:
        print(f'邮件发送失败: {e}')

# 使用示例
email_config = {
    'sender': 'your_email@qq.com',
    'password': 'your_authorization_code',  # 在邮箱设置中获取授权码
    'receiver': 'target@example.com',
    'subject': '工作日报 - 2024/01/15',
    'content': '今日工作内容：\n1. 完成A模块开发\n2. 修复B问题\n3. 编写测试用例',
    'attachments': [r'C:\日报.xlsx']
}

send_email(email_config)

import zipfile
import os

def batch_compress(source_paths, output_file):
    """
    批量压缩文件或文件夹

    参数：
        source_paths: 要压缩的文件/文件夹列表
        output_file: 输出压缩包路径
    """

    with zipfile.ZipFile(output_file, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
        for source in source_paths:
            if os.path.isfile(source):
                zipf.write(source, os.path.basename(source))
                print(f'添加文件: {source}')
            elif os.path.isdir(source):
                folder_name = os.path.basename(source)
                for root, dirs, files in os.walk(source):
                    for file in files:
                        file_path = os.path.join(root, file)
                        arcname = os.path.join(folder_name, os.path.relpath(file_path, source))
                        zipf.write(file_path, arcname)
                print(f'添加文件夹: {source}')

    size = os.path.getsize(output_file) / 1024 / 1024
    print(f'\n压缩完成！文件大小: {size:.2f} MB')
    print(f'保存位置: {output_file}')

# 使用示例
sources = [
    r'C:\项目文档',
    r'C:\设计稿',
    r'C:\需求说明.pdf'
]

batch_compress(sources, r'C:\项目备份.zip')

import os
import shutil

def clean_temp_files(folders_to_clean, extensions_to_delete=None):
    """
    清理临时文件

    参数：
        folders_to_clean: 要清理的文件夹列表
        extensions_to_delete: 要删除的文件扩展名列表（可选）
    """

    total_deleted = 0
    total_size = 0

    for folder in folders_to_clean:
        if not os.path.exists(folder):
            print(f'文件夹不存在: {folder}')
            continue

        print(f'\n正在清理: {folder}')

        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(folder):
            for file in files:
                file_path = os.path.join(root, file)

                if extensions_to_delete:
                    ext = os.path.splitext(file)[1].lower()
                    if ext not in extensions_to_delete:
                        continue

                try:
                    size = os.path.getsize(file_path)
                    os.remove(file_path)
                    total_deleted += 1
                    total_size += size
                    print(f'删除: {file_path}')
                except Exception as e:
                    print(f'删除失败: {file_path}, 原因: {e}')

    print(f'\n清理完成！删除文件: {total_deleted} 个，释放空间: {total_size / 1024 / 1024:.2f} MB')

# 使用示例
temp_folders = [
    os.environ.get('TEMP'),
    r'C:\Windows\Temp',
    os.path.expanduser('~\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache')
]

extensions = ['.tmp', '.log', '.cache', '.bak']

clean_temp_files(temp_folders, extensions)

import os
import time

def modify_file_timestamp(folder_path, target_date):
    """
    批量修改文件时间戳

    参数：
        folder_path: 目标文件夹
        target_date: 目标日期字符串（格式：'2024-01-15 12:00:00'）
    """

    target_timestamp = time.mktime(time.strptime(target_date, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))

    modified_count = 0

    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(folder_path):
        for file in files:
            file_path = os.path.join(root, file)

            try:
                os.utime(file_path, (target_timestamp, target_timestamp))
                modified_count += 1
                print(f'修改: {file}')
            except Exception as e:
                print(f'修改失败: {file_path}, 原因: {e}')

    print(f'\n修改完成！共处理 {modified_count} 个文件')

# 使用示例
modify_file_timestamp(r'C:\项目文档', '2024-01-15 09:00:00')

import pandas as pd

def compare_excel(file1, file2, output_file):
    """
    对比两个Excel文件并输出差异

    参数：
        file1: 第一个Excel文件
        file2: 第二个Excel文件
        output_file: 差异报告输出路径
    """

    df1 = pd.read_excel(file1)
    df2 = pd.read_excel(file2)

    common_cols = list(set(df1.columns) & set(df2.columns))

    if not common_cols:
        print('两个文件没有共同的列！')
        return

    differences = []

    for col in common_cols:
        diff = df1[col] != df2[col]
        if diff.any():
            diff_rows = df1[diff].index.tolist()
            for row in diff_rows:
                differences.append({
                    '行号': row + 2,
                    '列名': col,
                    '文件1的值': df1.loc[row, col] if row < len(df1) else 'N/A',
                    '文件2的值': df2.loc[row, col] if row < len(df2) else 'N/A'
                })

    if differences:
        diff_df = pd.DataFrame(differences)
        diff_df.to_excel(output_file, index=False)
        print(f'发现 {len(differences)} 处差异，已保存到: {output_file}')
    else:
        print('两个文件内容完全一致！')

# 使用示例
compare_excel(
    r'C:\原始数据.xlsx',
    r'C:\修改后数据.xlsx',
    r'C:\差异报告.xlsx'
)

import schedule
import time
import subprocess

def run_task(task_name, command):
    """执行任务"""
    print(f'[{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}] 开始执行: {task_name}')
    try:
        subprocess.run(command, shell=True, check=True)
        print(f'[{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}] 执行完成: {task_name}')
    except Exception as e:
        print(f'[{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}] 执行失败: {e}')

def setup_scheduled_tasks(tasks):
    """
    设置定时任务

    参数：
        tasks: 任务配置列表
    """

    for task in tasks:
        name = task['name']
        cmd = task['command']

        if task['schedule_type'] == 'daily':
            schedule.every().day.at(task['time']).do(run_task, name, cmd)
            print(f'已设置每日任务: {name} @ {task["time"]}')

        elif task['schedule_type'] == 'weekly':
            day = task.get('day', 'monday')
            getattr(schedule.every(), day).at(task['time']).do(run_task, name, cmd)
            print(f'已设置每周任务: {name} @ {day} {task["time"]}')

        elif task['schedule_type'] == 'interval':
            minutes = task.get('minutes', 60)
            schedule.every(minutes).minutes.do(run_task, name, cmd)
            print(f'已设置周期任务: {name} @ 每{minutes}分钟')

    print('\n定时任务已启动，按 Ctrl+C 停止...\n')

    while True:
        schedule.run_pending()
        time.sleep(1)

# 使用示例
tasks_config = [
    {'name': '数据备份', 'command': 'python backup.py', 'schedule_type': 'daily', 'time': '18:00'},
    {'name': '清理临时文件', 'command': 'python clean_temp.py', 'schedule_type': 'daily', 'time': '23:00'},
    {'name': '发送日报', 'command': 'python send_report.py', 'schedule_type': 'daily', 'time': '17:30'}
]

setup_scheduled_tasks(tasks_config)