Python中urllib3.PoolManager()的12个核心参数全解析

urllib3.PoolManager(
    num_pools=10,           # 连接池数量
    headers=None,           # 默认请求头
    timeout=None,           # 超时时间
    retries=None,           # 重试策略
    block=False,            # 池满时是否阻塞
    maxsize=10,             # 每个主机的最大连接数
    pool_preload_content=True,  # 是否预加载响应体
    decode_content=True,        # 是否自动解压 gzip/deflate
    enforce_content_length=True, # 是否强制检查内容长度
    source_address=None,        # 绑定本地 IP
    socket_options=None,        # TCP socket 选项
    **connection_pool_kw        # 传递给 HTTPConnectionPool 的其他参数
)

from urllib3.util.retry import Retry

retries = Retry(
    total=3,              # 最多重试 3 次
    backoff_factor=0.5,   # 指数退避：0.5s, 1s, 2s
    status_forcelist=[429, 500, 502, 503, 504],  # 只重试这些状态码
    allowed_methods=["GET", "HEAD"]  # 只重试 GET 和 HEAD
)

import socket

socket_options = [
    (socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1),
    (socket.TCP_KEEPIDLE, 45),      # 45 秒无活动发保活包
    (socket.TCP_KEEPINTVL, 10),      # 每 10 秒发一次
    (socket.TCP_KEEPCNT, 6),         # 失败 6 次才断开
]

import urllib3
from urllib3.util.retry import Retry
import socket

# 🚀 极致性能配置
pool = urllib3.PoolManager(
    num_pools=100,                      # 100 个连接池
    maxsize=200,                        # 每个主机 200 个连接
    timeout=3.0,                        # 3 秒超时
    retries=Retry(total=3, backoff_factor=0.5),  # 重试 3 次
    block=True,                         # 池满就等
    pool_preload_content=False,         # 延迟读取
    enforce_content_length=False,       # 跳过长度检查
    source_address=("0.0.0.0", 0),      # 绑定本地 IP
    socket_options=[                    # TCP Keepalive
        (socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1),
        (socket.TCP_KEEPIDLE, 45),
        (socket.TCP_KEEPINTVL, 10),
        (socket.TCP_KEEPCNT, 6),
    ]
)

# 发起请求
response = pool.request("GET", "https://api.example.com/data")
print(response.status, response.data)