Python Playwright UI自动化测试环境配置完全指南

# 检查Python版本
python --version

# 如果未安装，推荐使用 Python 3.11
# 下载地址：https://www.python.org/downloads/

# 创建项目目录
mkdir auto_ui
cd auto_ui
# 创建虚拟环境（推荐）
python -m venv venv
# 激活虚拟环境
.\venv\Scripts\activate
# 如果遇到执行策略问题
Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser

# 安装Playwright（会包含测试框架）
pip install playwright pytest-playwright
# 或者分步安装
pip install playwright
pip install pytest
pip install pytest-playwright
# 安装AI集成所需的包（可选）
pip install openai anthropic
pip install python-dotenv

# requirements.txt
playwright==1.58.0
pytest==8.0.0
pytest-playwright==0.4.4
pytest-html==4.1.1
allure-pytest==2.13.2
# YAML配置支持
PyYAML==6.0.1
# AI集成（可选）
openai==1.12.0
anthropic==0.18.0
python-dotenv==1.0.1
# 日志和时间
python-dateutil==2.8.2

pip install -r requirements.txt

# 安装Chromium浏览器
python -m playwright install chromium

# 安装所有浏览器
python -m playwright install

# 指定安装位置
python -m playwright install chromium --with-deps

# 检查系统Chrome路径
Test-Path "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"

# conftest.py
@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
def browser_context(browser):
    context = browser.new_context(
        no_viewport=True,
        channel='chrome',  # 使用系统Chrome
    )
    context.set_default_timeout(TIMEOUT)
    yield context
    context.close()

# 检查版本
python -m playwright --version

# 检查浏览器路径
python -m playwright show-browser-path

# 验证浏览器可用
python -c "from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright; p = sync_playwright().start(); b = p.chromium.launch(); print('Chromium 可用 ✓'); b.close(); p.stop()"

# 方式1：直接打开项目目录
# 菜单 File → Open Folder → 选择项目目录

# 方式2：命令行打开
code .

1. 按 Ctrl+Shift+P 打开命令面板
2. 输入 "Python: Select Interpreter"
3. 选择项目虚拟环境中的Python
   路径类似：项目路径\venv\Scripts\python.exe

{
    "python.testing.pytestEnabled": true,
    "python.testing.pytestArgs": [
        "tests",
        "-v",
        "--tb=short"
    ],
    "python.testing.unittestEnabled": false,
    "[python]": {
        "editor.defaultFormatter": "charliermarsh.ruff",
        "editor.formatOnSave": true
    }
}

1. 登录 Trae 账号
2. 设置 → AI → 选择模型
3. 可选模型：
   - Claude
   - GPT-4
   - Gemini

# OpenAI配置
OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-xxxxx
OPENAI_API_BASE=https://api.openai.com/v1
# Anthropic配置（Claude）
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-ant-xxxxx
# 国内代理（如果需要）
HTTP_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:7890
HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:7890

# 提示词示例
"""
请帮我为这个登录页面写测试用例：
页面包含：
- 用户名输入框
- 密码输入框
- 登录按钮
- 记住登录复选框
请生成：
1. Page Object类结构
2. 正常登录测试
3. 错误密码测试
4. 空用户名测试
"""

# 当测试失败时，让AI分析
"""
测试失败了，日志显示：
- 错误：ElementClickInterceptedException
- 截图已保存
页面结构可能发生了变化，请分析：
1. 可能的原因？
2. 如何修改选择器？
3. 如何添加重试逻辑？
"""

# utils/ai_logger.py
from openai import OpenAI
import os

class AILogger:
    def __init__(self):
        self.client = OpenAI(api_key=os.getenv("OPENAI_API_KEY"))

    def analyze_error(self, error_info: str, screenshot_path: str = None) -> str:
        """使用AI分析测试错误"""
        prompt = f"""
        测试自动化执行遇到错误：

        错误信息：
        {error_info}

        请分析：
        1. 最可能的原因？
        2. 解决方案建议？
        3. 如何避免类似问题？
        """

        response = self.client.chat.completions.create(
            model="gpt-4",
            messages=[{"role": "user", "content": prompt}]
        )

        return response.choices[0].message.content

auto_ui/
├── config/                 # 配置目录
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py       # Python配置
│   └── config.yaml      # YAML配置
├── pages/                # 页面对象
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── base_page.py
│   └── login_page.py
├── tests/                # 测试用例
│   ├── __init__.py
│   └── test_*.py
├── utils/               # 工具函数
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── logger.py
│   └── decorators.py
├── conftest.py          # pytest配置
├── pytest.ini           # pytest设置
└── requirements.txt     # 依赖清单

# config/config.yaml
base_url: "https://test.example.com"
timeout: 30000
headless: false
browser: "chromium"
wait_timeouts:
  short: 2000
  medium: 3000
  long: 5000
  page_load: 30000
reports:
  output_dir: "reports"
  logs_dir: "logs"
  screenshots_dir: "screenshots"
test_user:
  username: "test@example.com"
  password: "password123"

# config/settings.py
import os
import yaml
from pathlib import Path

BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent

# 加载YAML配置
CONFIG_FILE = BASE_DIR / "config" / "config.yaml"

with open(CONFIG_FILE, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    _config = yaml.safe_load(f)

# 配置项
BASE_URL = _config.get("base_url")
TIMEOUT = _config.get("timeout", 30000)
HEADLESS = _config.get("headless", False)
BROWSER = _config.get("browser", "chromium")

# pytest.ini
[pytest]
testpaths = tests
python_files = test_*.py
python_classes = Test*
python_functions = test_*
addopts =
    -v
    --tb=short
    --strict-markers
    --html=reports/report.html
    --self-contained-html
markers =
    ui: UI自动化测试
    smoke: 冒烟测试
    regression: 回归测试

# conftest.py
import pytest
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
from config.settings import *

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def browser_type_launch_args(browser_type_launch_args):
    return {
        **browser_type_launch_args,
        "headless": HEADLESS,
        "slow_mo": SLOW_MO,
        "args": ["--start-maximized"],
    }

@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
def browser_context(browser):
    context = browser.new_context(no_viewport=True)
    context.set_default_timeout(TIMEOUT)
    yield context
    context.close()

@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
def page(browser_context):
    page = browser_context.new_page()
    page.set_default_timeout(TIMEOUT)
    # 窗口最大化
    page.evaluate("""
        window.moveTo(0, 0);
        window.resizeTo(window.screen.availWidth, window.screen.availHeight);
    """)
    yield page
    page.close()

# 方案1：使用代理
$env:HTTPS_PROXY = "http://127.0.0.1:7890"
python -m playwright install chromium

# 方案2：使用系统Chrome（跳过下载）
# 修改conftest.py，添加 channel='chrome'

# 方案1：以管理员身份运行
# 右键PowerShell → 以管理员身份运行

# 方案2：清理后重试
Remove-Item -Recurse -Force "$env:LOCALAPPDATA\ms-playwright"
python -m playwright install chromium

# 检查依赖
python -m playwright install-deps

# 或者手动安装Visual C++ Redistributable

# 增加超时时间
page.set_default_timeout(60000)  # 60秒

# 或在配置中修改
TIMEOUT = 60000

# 添加等待
page.wait_for_load_state("networkidle")

# 或显式等待
page.wait_for_selector(".element", timeout=5000)

# 确保目录存在
import os
os.makedirs("screenshots", exist_ok=True)

# 保存截图
page.screenshot(path="screenshots/error.png")

# 检查API Key是否正确
echo $OPENAI_API_KEY

# 检查网络连接
curl https://api.openai.com/v1/models

# 添加超时设置
response = self.client.chat.completions.create(
    model="gpt-4",
    messages=messages,
    timeout=30  # 30秒超时
)

# 安装脚本
Write-Host "开始安装 Playwright 测试环境..." -ForegroundColor Cyan

# 1. 创建虚拟环境
python -m venv venv
.\venv\Scripts\activate

# 2. 安装依赖
pip install -r requirements.txt

# 3. 安装浏览器
python -m playwright install chromium

# 4. 验证安装
python -c "from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright; print('安装成功 ✓')"

Write-Host "环境安装完成！" -ForegroundColor Green

# 激活环境
.\venv\Scripts\activate

# 运行测试
pytest tests/ -v

# 只运行冒烟测试
pytest -m smoke -v

# 生成HTML报告
pytest --html=reports/report.html --self-contained-html

1. 打开项目
2. 按 Ctrl+Shift+P
3. 输入 "Python: Run All Tests"
4. 查看测试结果