Python脚本实现批量修改交换机
作者：normanhere
本文介绍了一个基于Python和Netmiko库的多厂商交换机批量配置脚本,该脚本主要功能包括支持华三、华为、思科、锐捷、中兴等主流品牌交换机配置,感兴趣的小伙伴可以了解下
本地wimdows环境，安装好python最新版本的，安装netmiko库。
所有文件位于C:\1 文件夹
编写如下脚本命名为 batch_config.py 实现不同品牌 华三 华为 思科 锐捷 中兴交换机的批量设置。
import csv
import logging
import sys
import threading
import os
from netmiko import ConnectHandler
from netmiko.exceptions import NetmikoTimeoutException, NetmikoAuthenticationException
# ---------- 1. 日志配置 ----------
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.INFO,
format='%(asctime)s - %(threadName)s - %(message)s',
handlers=[
logging.FileHandler(r'c:\1\batch_result.log', encoding='utf-8'),
logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
]
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# ---------- 2. 品牌 → 命令文件映射 ----------
# 每个品牌可以有多个别名（如中文、英文简称）
COMMAND_FILE_MAP = {
'h3c': r'c:\1\config_commands_h3c.txt',
'ruijie': r'c:\1\config_commands_ruijie.txt',
'锐捷': r'c:\1\config_commands_ruijie.txt',
'zte': r'c:\1\config_commands_zte.txt',
'中兴': r'c:\1\config_commands_zte.txt',
'huawei': r'c:\1\config_commands_huawei.txt',
'华为': r'c:\1\config_commands_huawei.txt',
'cisco': r'c:\1\config_commands_cisco.txt',
'思科': r'c:\1\config_commands_cisco.txt',
}
DEFAULT_COMMAND_FILE = r'c:\1\config_commands.txt' # 未匹配品牌时使用的备用文件
# ---------- 3. 按品牌加载命令 ----------
def load_commands(vendor: str) -> list:
"""
根据厂商品牌返回对应的命令列表。
优先读取品牌专属文件，如果文件不存在或未配置映射则回退到默认文件。
"""
vendor_key = vendor.strip().lower()
filepath = COMMAND_FILE_MAP.get(vendor_key, DEFAULT_COMMAND_FILE)
if not os.path.exists(filepath):
logger.warning(f"{vendor} 的命令文件 {filepath} 不存在，尝试使用默认文件")
filepath = DEFAULT_COMMAND_FILE
try:
with open(filepath, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
commands = [line.strip() for line in f
if line.strip() and not line.strip().startswith('#')]
if not commands:
logger.warning(f"命令文件 {filepath} 内容为空")
return commands
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"读取命令文件 {filepath} 失败: {e}")
return []
# ---------- 4. 单台设备配置函数 ----------
def configure_device(ip, username, password, vendor, secret, results):
# 根据厂商选择 device_type
vendor_lower = vendor.strip().lower()
if vendor_lower == 'h3c':
device_type = 'hp_comware'
elif vendor_lower in ('ruijie', '锐捷'):
device_type = 'ruijie_os'
elif vendor_lower in ('zte', '中兴'):
device_type = 'zte_zxros'
elif vendor_lower in ('huawei', '华为'):
device_type = 'huawei'
elif vendor_lower in ('cisco', '思科'):
device_type = 'cisco_ios'
else:
logger.error(f"{ip}: 不支持的厂商 {vendor}")
results['failed'].append((ip, f'不支持的厂商: {vendor}'))
return
# ---------- 关键：按品牌加载专属命令 ----------
commands = load_commands(vendor)
if not commands:
logger.error(f"{ip} ({vendor}): 配置命令为空，跳过该设备")
results['failed'].append((ip, '无可用配置命令'))
return
# 构建设备连接参数
device = {
'device_type': device_type,
'ip': ip,
'username': username,
'password': password,
'timeout': 30,
'session_timeout': 60,
'session_log': f'c:\\1\\{ip}_session.log',
}
if secret:
device['secret'] = secret
try:
logger.info(f"正在连接 {ip} ({vendor})...")
with ConnectHandler(**device) as conn:
# 如果配置了 enable 密码，则进入特权模式
if secret:
conn.enable()
output = conn.send_config_set(commands, exit_config_mode=False)
# 保存配置（Netmiko 会根据 device_type 自动选择合适的命令，如 save、write memory）
conn.save_config()
logger.info(f"✅ {ip} ({vendor}) 配置成功并保存")
results['success'].append(ip)
except NetmikoTimeoutException:
logger.error(f"❌ {ip} ({vendor}) 连接超时")
results['failed'].append((ip, '连接超时'))
except NetmikoAuthenticationException:
logger.error(f"❌ {ip} ({vendor}) 认证失败")
results['failed'].append((ip, '认证失败'))
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"❌ {ip} ({vendor}) 配置异常: {e}")
results['failed'].append((ip, str(e)))
# ---------- 5. 主函数 ----------
def main():
# 读取设备列表（CSV表头：ip, username, password, vendor, secret）
devices = []
try:
with open(r'c:\1\devices.csv', 'r', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
for row in reader:
devices.append((
row['ip'].strip(),
row['username'].strip(),
row['password'].strip(),
row.get('vendor', 'h3c').strip(), # 默认 H3C，其他品牌必须明确填写
row.get('secret', '').strip() # 无 enable 密码时留空
))
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"读取设备列表失败: {e}")
return
if not devices:
logger.error("设备列表为空！")
return
logger.info(f"共加载 {len(devices)} 台设备，开始批量配置...")
results = {'success': [], 'failed': []}
threads = []
MAX_THREADS = 10
for ip, user, pwd, vendor, secret in devices:
t = threading.Thread(
target=configure_device,
args=(ip, user, pwd, vendor, secret, results),
name=f"Thread-{ip}"
)
threads.append(t)
t.start()
# 控制并发数
if len(threads) >= MAX_THREADS:
for t in threads:
t.join()
threads = []
for t in threads:
t.join()
logger.info("=" * 50)
logger.info(f"配置完成！成功: {len(results['success'])} 台，失败: {len(results['failed'])} 台")
if results['failed']:
logger.error("失败设备列表：")
for ip, reason in results['failed']:
logger.error(f" {ip} - {reason}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
如下脚本为批量导出交换机配置，并保存为collect_switch_configs.py 所有文件位于C:\1 文件夹
import csv
import logging
import sys
import threading
import os
from netmiko import ConnectHandler
from netmiko.exceptions import NetmikoTimeoutException, NetmikoAuthenticationException
# ---------- 1. 日志配置 ----------
LOG_FILE = r'c:\1\collect_configs.log'
OUTPUT_DIR = r'c:\1\configs' # 配置保存目录
os.makedirs(OUTPUT_DIR, exist_ok=True)
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.INFO,
format='%(asctime)s - %(threadName)s - %(message)s',
handlers=[
logging.FileHandler(LOG_FILE, encoding='utf-8'),
logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
]
)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# ---------- 2. 品牌 → 配置查看命令映射 ----------
SHOW_CONFIG_CMD = {
'h3c': 'display current-configuration',
'ruijie': 'show running-config',
'锐捷': 'show running-config',
'zte': 'show running-config',
'中兴': 'show running-config',
'huawei': 'display current-configuration',
'华为': 'display current-configuration',
'cisco': 'show running-config',
'思科': 'show running-config',
}
DEFAULT_CMD = 'show running-config' # 无法匹配品牌时的备用命令
# ---------- 3. 单台设备配置收集函数 ----------
def collect_one_device(ip, username, password, vendor, secret, results):
# 解析设备类型
vendor_lower = vendor.strip().lower()
if vendor_lower == 'h3c':
device_type = 'hp_comware'
elif vendor_lower in ('ruijie', '锐捷'):
device_type = 'ruijie_os'
elif vendor_lower in ('zte', '中兴'):
device_type = 'zte_zxros'
elif vendor_lower in ('huawei', '华为'):
device_type = 'huawei'
elif vendor_lower in ('cisco', '思科'):
device_type = 'cisco_ios'
else:
logger.error(f"{ip}: 不支持的厂商 {vendor}")
results['failed'].append((ip, f'不支持的厂商: {vendor}'))
return
# 获取该品牌对应的配置查看命令
cmd = SHOW_CONFIG_CMD.get(vendor_lower, DEFAULT_CMD)
# 连接参数
device = {
'device_type': device_type,
'ip': ip,
'username': username,
'password': password,
'timeout': 30,
'session_timeout': 60,
'session_log': f'c:\\1\\{ip}_collect_session.log', # 可选：保存会话日志
}
if secret:
device['secret'] = secret
try:
logger.info(f"正在连接 {ip} ({vendor}) 并获取配置...")
with ConnectHandler(**device) as conn:
if secret:
conn.enable() # 进入特权模式（如果需要）
# 执行命令，获取完整配置输出
config_output = conn.send_command(cmd, read_timeout=60)
# 保存到本地文件
filename = os.path.join(OUTPUT_DIR, f"{ip}_config.txt")
with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(config_output)
logger.info(f"✅ {ip} ({vendor}) 配置已保存 -> {filename}")
results['success'].append(ip)
except NetmikoTimeoutException:
logger.error(f"❌ {ip} ({vendor}) 连接超时")
results['failed'].append((ip, '连接超时'))
except NetmikoAuthenticationException:
logger.error(f"❌ {ip} ({vendor}) 认证失败")
results['failed'].append((ip, '认证失败'))
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"❌ {ip} ({vendor}) 异常: {e}")
results['failed'].append((ip, str(e)))
# ---------- 4. 主函数 ----------
def main():
# 读取设备列表（CSV表头：ip, username, password, vendor, secret）
devices = []
try:
with open(r'c:\1\devices.csv', 'r', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
for row in reader:
devices.append((
row['ip'].strip(),
row['username'].strip(),
row['password'].strip(),
row.get('vendor', 'h3c').strip(),
row.get('secret', '').strip()
))
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"读取设备列表失败: {e}")
return
if not devices:
logger.error("设备列表为空！")
return
logger.info(f"共加载 {len(devices)} 台设备，开始批量收集配置...")
results = {'success': [], 'failed': []}
threads = []
MAX_THREADS = 10
for ip, user, pwd, vendor, secret in devices:
t = threading.Thread(
target=collect_one_device,
args=(ip, user, pwd, vendor, secret, results),
name=f"Thread-{ip}"
)
threads.append(t)
t.start()
if len(threads) >= MAX_THREADS:
for t in threads:
t.join()
threads = []
for t in threads:
t.join()
# 输出汇总
logger.info("=" * 50)
logger.info(f"收集完成！成功: {len(results['success'])} 台，失败: {len(results['failed'])} 台")
if results['failed']:
logger.error("失败设备列表：")
for ip, reason in results['failed']:
logger.error(f" {ip} - {reason}")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
最终目录结构如下：
devices.csv结构如下：
实现的最终效果是：
运行batch_config.py 并发（10并发默认）读取devices.csv 按照设备品牌判断，调用对应脚本配置，并自动保存配置过程日志；输出配置成功多少台，配置错误多少台。
运行collect_switch_configs.py 并发读取（10并发默认）读取devices.csv 将配置文件按照管理IP地址命名 保存到configs文件夹。
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