使用Python优雅地处理带有JWT认证的接口提交

import requests

# 1. 定义登录接口和凭证
login_url = "https://api.datahub.com/v1/auth/login"
headers = {
    "Content-Type": "application/json",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.124 Safari/537.36"
}
payload = {
    "username": "your_username",
    "password": "your_password"
}

# 2. 发送登录请求
try:
    response = requests.post(login_url, json=payload, headers=headers)
    
    # 检查响应状态
    if response.status_code == 200:
        # 3. 解析响应数据
        data = response.json()
        
        # 假设服务器返回的数据结构如下：
        # {"code": 0, "msg": "success", "data": {"access_token": "eyJhbGciOiJIUz...", "refresh_token": "..."}}
        
        access_token = data.get("data", {}).get("access_token")
        
        if access_token:
            print(f"成功获取 Token: {access_token[:20]}...")
        else:
            print("响应中未找到 access_token 字段")
    else:
        print(f"登录失败，状态码: {response.status_code}, 原因: {response.text}")
        
except Exception as e:
    print(f"发生错误: {e}")

import requests

# 假设我们已经获取到了 token
access_token = "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9..."

# 1. 构造请求头
headers = {
    "Authorization": f"Bearer {access_token}",
    "Content-Type": "application/json",
    "Accept": "application/json"
}

# 2. 访问需要认证的接口（例如：提交数据或获取用户信息）
target_url = "https://api.datahub.com/v1/user/profile"
# 或者是一个 POST 提交接口
# target_url = "https://api.datahub.com/v1/data/submit"

try:
    # 发起 GET 请求获取数据
    resp = requests.get(target_url, headers=headers)
    
    if resp.status_code == 200:
        print("数据获取成功:", resp.json())
    elif resp.status_code == 401:
        print("错误：Token 失效或未提供，请重新登录！")
    elif resp.status_code == 403:
        print("错误：Token 有效，但权限不足（Scope 不够）！")
    else:
        print(f"未知错误: {resp.status_code}")

except Exception as e:
    print(f"请求异常: {e}")

class JWTCrawler:
    def __init__(self, username, password):
        self.username = username
        self.password = password
        self.base_url = "https://api.datahub.com"
        self.token = None
        self.session = requests.Session() # 使用 Session 保持连接

    def login(self):
        """登录并获取 Token"""
        url = f"{self.base_url}/v1/auth/login"
        payload = {"username": self.username, "password": self.password}
        try:
            resp = self.session.post(url, json=payload)
            self.token = resp.json().get("data", {}).get("access_token")
            return True if self.token else False
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"登录失败: {e}")
            return False

    def request(self, method, endpoint, **kwargs):
        """通用请求方法，自动注入 Token"""
        if not self.token:
            if not self.login():
                raise Exception("无法获取有效 Token")
        
        url = f"{self.base_url}{endpoint}"
        headers = kwargs.get("headers", {})
        headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {self.token}"
        kwargs["headers"] = headers
        
        response = self.session.request(method, url, **kwargs)
        
        # 处理 Token 过期的情况（通常状态码为 401）
        if response.status_code == 401:
            print("Token 已过期，尝试重新登录...")
            if self.login():
                # 重新发起请求
                headers["Authorization"] = f"Bearer {self.token}"
                kwargs["headers"] = headers
                response = self.session.request(method, url, **kwargs)
            else:
                raise Exception("刷新 Token 失败")
                
        return response

# 使用示例
# crawler = JWTCrawler("user", "pass")
# resp = crawler.request("GET", "/v1/data/list")
# print(resp.json())