基于Python实现一键群发邮件并自动收发附件功能

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText # 用于构建文本邮件
from email.header import Header # 用于处理邮件标题中的中文

def send_simple_email(sender_email, sender_password, receiver_email, subject, content):
    """
    发送一封简单的文本邮件。
    这是Python发送邮件的基础。
    :param sender_email: 发件人邮箱地址
    :param sender_password: 发件人邮箱授权码或密码
    :param receiver_email: 收件人邮箱地址
    :param subject: 邮件主题
    :param content: 邮件正文
    """
    # 邮件内容对象：MIMEText用于纯文本邮件，'plain'表示纯文本
    message = MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8')
    message['From'] = Header(f"Python自动化助手 <{sender_email}>", 'utf-8') # 设置发件人显示名称
    message['To'] = Header(f"收件人 <{receiver_email}>", 'utf-8') # 设置收件人显示名称
    message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') # 设置邮件主题

    try:
        # 连接到SMTP服务器（这里以QQ邮箱为例，使用SSL加密）
        smtp_server = "smtp.qq.com"
        smtp_port = 465 # SSL端口
        
        # 使用with语句确保SMTP连接被正确关闭
        with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, smtp_port) as smtp_obj: # SMTP_SSL用于SSL加密连接
            smtp_obj.login(sender_email, sender_password) # 登录邮箱
            smtp_obj.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, message.as_string()) # 发送邮件
        print(f"✅ 邮件已成功发送到：{receiver_email}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"❌ 邮件发送失败：{e}")
        print("请检查发件人邮箱、授权码、收件人地址和SMTP服务器配置。")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # --- 请替换为你的实际邮箱信息和收件人 ---
    my_email = "你的QQ邮箱@qq.com" # 例如: 123456789@qq.com
    my_password = "你的邮箱授权码" # **非常重要，不要用邮箱登录密码！**
    target_email = "目标邮箱@example.com" # 例如: test_receiver@example.com

    send_simple_email(my_email, my_password, target_email, 
                      "来自Python自动化测试邮件", 
                      "这是一封由Python脚本自动发送的测试邮件。\n你好，世界！")

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart # 用于构建多部分邮件
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase # 用于附件
from email import encoders # 用于附件编码
from email.header import Header
import os

def send_email_with_attachment_and_html(sender_email, sender_password, receiver_email, subject, html_content, attachment_path=None):
    """
    发送带附件和HTML内容的邮件。
    这是Python发送邮件的高级功能，实现邮件群发和邮件附件处理。
    :param sender_email: 发件人邮箱地址
    :param sender_password: 发件人邮箱授权码或密码
    :param receiver_email: 收件人邮箱地址
    :param subject: 邮件主题
    :param html_content: 邮件正文 (HTML格式)
    :param attachment_path: 附件文件路径，可选
    """
    # 创建多部分邮件对象 (用于包含文本和附件)
    msg = MIMEMultipart('mixed') # 'mixed' 表示邮件包含不同类型的部分
    msg['From'] = Header(f"Python智能助手 <{sender_email}>", 'utf-8')
    msg['To'] = Header(f"重要收件人 <{receiver_email}>", 'utf-8')
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

    # 1. 添加HTML内容 (Part 1: HTML Body)
    html_part = MIMEText(html_content, 'html', 'utf-8') # 'html'表示HTML格式
    msg.attach(html_part) # 将HTML部分添加到邮件

    # 2. 添加附件 (Part 2: Attachment)
    if attachment_path and os.path.exists(attachment_path):
        try:
            with open(attachment_path, 'rb') as fp:
                # MIMEBase用于所有非文本附件
                attachment = MIMEBase('application', 'octet-stream')
                attachment.set_payload(fp.read()) # 读取附件内容
            
            encoders.encode_base64(attachment) # 编码附件内容
            
            # 设置附件文件名，确保中文文件名正常显示
            attachment.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', 
                                  filename=Header(os.path.basename(attachment_path), 'utf-8').encode())
            msg.attach(attachment) # 将附件添加到邮件
            print(f"   ✅ 附件 '{os.path.basename(attachment_path)}' 已添加。")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"❌ 添加附件失败：{e}")
    else:
        print("   ℹ️ 未添加附件或附件文件不存在。")

    try:
        smtp_server = "smtp.qq.com"
        smtp_port = 465 # SSL端口
        with smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, smtp_port) as smtp_obj:
            smtp_obj.login(sender_email, sender_password)
            smtp_obj.sendmail(sender_email, receiver_email, msg.as_string())
        print(f"✅ 邮件 (含附件/HTML) 已成功发送到：{receiver_email}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"❌ 邮件发送失败：{e}")
        print("请检查发件人邮箱、授权码、收件人地址和SMTP服务器配置。")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # --- 请替换为你的实际邮箱信息和收件人 ---
    my_email = "你的QQ邮箱@qq.com" 
    my_password = "你的邮箱授权码" 
    target_email = "目标邮箱@example.com" 

    # HTML邮件内容
    html_body = """
    <html>
    <body>
        <p>尊敬的客户：</p>
        <p>您好！</p>
        <p>这是您的<b>最新销售报告</b>，请查收附件。</p>
        <p>感谢您的支持！</p>
        <img src="https://via.placeholder.com/150" alt="占位符图片">
        <p>Python自动化团队 敬上</p>
    </body>
    </html>
    """
    
    # 附件文件 (准备一个测试PDF或图片文件)
    test_attachment_path = os.path.expanduser("~/Desktop/test_report.pdf")
    if not os.path.exists(test_attachment_path):
        # 简单创建模拟PDF附件
        import fitz; doc=fitz.open(); doc.new_page().insert_text((50,50),"附件内容"); doc.save(test_attachment_path); doc.close()
        print(f"临时附件文件 '{os.path.basename(test_attachment_path)}' 已创建。")

    send_email_with_attachment_and_html(my_email, my_password, target_email, 
                                        "【Python自动化】2023年度销售报告", 
                                        html_body, 
                                        test_attachment_path)

import imaplib
import email
from email.header import decode_header
import os

def read_emails_imap(email_address, email_password, imap_server="imap.qq.com"):
    """
    通过IMAP协议连接邮箱，并读取邮件列表和基本信息。
    这是Python接收邮件的基础。
    :param email_address: 邮箱地址
    :param email_password: 邮箱授权码或密码
    :param imap_server: IMAP服务器地址
    """
    try:
        # 连接IMAP服务器 (SSL加密)
        mail = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(imap_server)
        mail.login(email_address, email_password) # 登录邮箱
        mail.select("inbox") # 选择收件箱 (inbox)

        # 搜索所有邮件 (ALL) 或特定条件的邮件 (e.g., 'FROM', 'SUBJECT')
        # status, email_ids = mail.search(None, 'FROM', 'sender@example.com') # 筛选发件人
        status, email_ids = mail.search(None, 'ALL') # 搜索所有邮件
        email_id_list = email_ids[0].split() # 邮件ID列表

        print(f"🚀 正在读取邮箱 '{email_address}' 的邮件...")
        print(f"   共找到 {len(email_id_list)} 封邮件。")

        # 遍历邮件ID，获取邮件信息
        for i, email_id in enumerate(email_id_list[-5:]): # 只处理最近5封邮件，避免处理太多
            status, msg_data = mail.fetch(email_id, '(RFC822)') # 获取邮件的完整内容
            raw_email = msg_data[0][1].decode('utf-8') # 解码邮件内容
            msg = email.message_from_string(raw_email) # 解析邮件

            subject, encoding = decode_header(msg['Subject'])[0]
            if isinstance(subject, bytes):
                subject = subject.decode(encoding if encoding else 'utf-8')
            
            sender, encoding = decode_header(msg['From'])[0]
            if isinstance(sender, bytes):
                sender = sender.decode(encoding if encoding else 'utf-8')

            print(f"--- 邮件 {i+1} ---")
            print(f"   发件人: {sender}")
            print(f"   主题: {subject}")
            # print(f"   日期: {msg['Date']}") # 邮件日期

            # 获取邮件正文
            # for part in msg.walk():
            #     ctype = part.get_content_type()
            #     cdispo = str(part.get('Content-Disposition'))
            #     if ctype == 'text/plain' and 'attachment' not in cdispo:
            #         body = part.get_payload(decode=True).decode('utf-8')
            #         print("   正文片段:", body[:100], "...") # 打印部分正文
            #         break
        
        mail.logout() # 登出邮箱
        print("✨ 邮件读取完成！")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"❌ 读取邮件失败：{e}")
        print("请检查邮箱地址、授权码、IMAP服务器地址和网络连接。")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # --- 请替换为你的实际邮箱信息 ---
    my_email = "你的QQ邮箱@qq.com" 
    my_password = "你的邮箱授权码" 
    
    read_emails_imap(my_email, my_password)

import imaplib
import email
from email.header import decode_header
import os

def download_attachments_from_emails(email_address, email_password, imap_server="imap.qq.com", 
                                     search_subject="", download_folder="Downloaded_Attachments"):
    """
    通过IMAP协议连接邮箱，搜索特定主题的邮件，并自动下载附件。
    这是Python接收邮件和邮件附件处理的核心功能。
    :param email_address: 邮箱地址
    :param email_password: 邮箱授权码或密码
    :param imap_server: IMAP服务器地址
    :param search_subject: 要搜索的邮件主题关键词 (留空则搜索所有邮件)
    :param download_folder: 附件下载保存的文件夹
    """
    os.makedirs(download_folder, exist_ok=True) # 确保下载文件夹存在

    try:
        mail = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(imap_server)
        mail.login(email_address, email_password)
        mail.select("inbox")

        # 搜索邮件 (可以按主题、发件人等搜索)
        if search_subject:
            status, email_ids = mail.search(None, 'SUBJECT', f'"{search_subject}"')
        else:
            status, email_ids = mail.search(None, 'ALL')
        
        email_id_list = email_ids[0].split()

        print(f"🚀 正在搜索并下载附件，主题关键词：'{search_subject}'...")
        if not email_id_list:
            print("   ℹ️ 未找到符合条件的邮件。")
        else:
            print(f"   找到 {len(email_id_list)} 封符合条件的邮件。")

        for email_id in email_id_list:
            status, msg_data = mail.fetch(email_id, '(RFC822)')
            raw_email = msg_data[0][1].decode('utf-8')
            msg = email.message_from_string(raw_email)

            subject, _ = decode_header(msg['Subject'])[0]
            subject = subject.decode(_) if isinstance(subject, bytes) else subject
            sender, _ = decode_header(msg['From'])[0]
            sender = sender.decode(_) if isinstance(sender, bytes) else sender
            
            print(f"--- 处理邮件 (主题: {subject}) ---")

            for part in msg.walk():
                # 跳过非附件部分
                if part.get_content_maintype() == 'multipart' or part.get('Content-Disposition') is None:
                    continue
                
                filename = part.get_filename()
                if filename: # 如果是附件
                    filename, _ = decode_header(filename)[0] # 解码附件文件名中的中文
                    filename = filename.decode(_) if isinstance(filename, bytes) else filename

                    file_path = os.path.join(download_folder, filename)
                    
                    try:
                        with open(file_path, 'wb') as f:
                            f.write(part.get_payload(decode=True)) # 写入附件内容
                        print(f"   ✅ 附件已下载：'{filename}'")
                    except Exception as e:
                        print(f"   ❌ 下载附件 '{filename}' 失败：{e}")
        
        mail.logout()
        print("✨ 附件下载完成！")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"❌ 收取邮件或下载附件失败：{e}")
        print("请检查邮箱地址、授权码、IMAP服务器地址和网络连接。")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # --- 请替换为你的实际邮箱信息 ---
    my_email = "你的QQ邮箱@qq.com" 
    my_password = "你的邮箱授权码" 
    
    download_folder_path = os.path.expanduser("~/Desktop/Downloaded_Reports")
    os.makedirs(download_folder_path, exist_ok=True) # 确保下载目录存在

    # 示例：搜索主题包含“销售报告”的邮件，并下载附件
    # 建议先手动给你的邮箱发送几封带附件（如PDF、Excel）且主题包含“销售报告”的测试邮件
    download_attachments_from_emails(my_email, my_password, 
                                     search_subject="销售报告", 
                                     download_folder=download_folder_path)