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基于Python开发日历记事本的完整教程

作者：winfredzhang

这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了如何基于Python和wxPython开发一个功能完整的日历记事本应用,文中的示例代码讲解详细,感兴趣的小伙伴可以了解下

项目简介

本文将详细讲解如何使用Python的wxPython GUI框架开发一个功能完整的日历记事本应用。该应用支持选择年月、记录每日待办事项、美观预览、背景自定义以及PDF导出等功能。

特别说明：本教程使用自绘日历方式，完全不依赖 wx.calendar 模块，避免了安装问题，更加灵活可控。

技术栈

一、项目架构设计

1.1 核心类结构

项目包含两个主要类：

CalendarDiary (主窗口类)
├── 数据管理 (JSON读写)
├── UI界面构建
├── 自绘日历实现
├── 事件处理
└── PDF导出功能
PreviewFrame (预览窗口类)
├── 日历图像生成
└── 可视化展示

1.2 数据存储设计

使用JSON格式存储数据，结构如下：

{
  "2025-10-01": {
    "morning": "晨跑 30分钟",
    "noon": "团队会议",
    "evening": "学习Python"
  },
  "2025-10-02": {
    "morning": "",
    "noon": "午餐约会",
    "evening": "看电影"
  }
}

二、主窗口类详解

2.1 初始化方法

def __init__(self):
    super().__init__(None, title="美观日历记事本", size=(1200, 800))
    
    self.data_file = "diary_data.json"
    self.diary_data = self.load_data()
    self.background_image = None
    
    # 初始化日期
    today = datetime.now()
    self.current_year = today.year
    self.current_month = today.month
    self.selected_date = None
    
    self.init_ui()
    self.Centre()

关键点：

2.2 UI界面构建

2.2.1 布局管理器

wxPython使用Sizer进行布局管理，主要类型：

本项目使用BoxSizer的嵌套结构：

main_sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)  # 主垂直布局
├── toolbar_sizer (wx.HORIZONTAL)      # 顶部工具栏
├── content_sizer (wx.HORIZONTAL)      # 主内容区
    ├── left_panel (自绘日历)
    └── right_panel (记事区域)

2.2.2 工具栏设计

toolbar_sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)

# 年份选择
self.year_choice = wx.Choice(panel, choices=[str(y) for y in range(2020, 2031)])
self.year_choice.SetSelection(self.current_year - 2020)
self.year_choice.Bind(wx.EVT_CHOICE, self.on_year_month_change)

# 月份选择
self.month_choice = wx.Choice(panel, choices=[f"{m}月" for m in range(1, 13)])
self.month_choice.SetSelection(self.current_month - 1)
self.month_choice.Bind(wx.EVT_CHOICE, self.on_year_month_change)

wx.Choice控件特点：

三、自绘日历实现（核心技术）

3.1 创建日历面板

# 创建自定义日历
self.calendar_panel = wx.Panel(left_panel, size=(400, 400))
self.calendar_panel.SetBackgroundColour(wx.Colour(255, 255, 255))
self.calendar_panel.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.on_paint_calendar)
self.calendar_panel.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self.on_calendar_click)

关键点：

3.2 绘制日历（核心算法）

def on_paint_calendar(self, event):
    dc = wx.PaintDC(self.calendar_panel)
    dc.Clear()
    
    width, height = self.calendar_panel.GetSize()
    
    # 1. 绘制标题
    dc.SetFont(wx.Font(16, wx.FONTFAMILY_DEFAULT, 
                       wx.FONTSTYLE_NORMAL, wx.FONTWEIGHT_BOLD))
    title = f"{self.current_year}年{self.current_month}月"
    tw, th = dc.GetTextExtent(title)
    dc.DrawText(title, (width - tw) // 2, 10)
    
    # 2. 获取日历数据
    cal = calendar.monthcalendar(self.current_year, self.current_month)
    
    # 3. 计算单元格大小
    start_y = 50
    cell_width = width // 7
    cell_height = (height - start_y) // (len(cal) + 1)
    
    # 4. 绘制星期标题
    dc.SetFont(wx.Font(10, wx.FONTFAMILY_DEFAULT, 
                       wx.FONTSTYLE_NORMAL, wx.FONTWEIGHT_BOLD))
    weekdays = ['一', '二', '三', '四', '五', '六', '日']
    for i, day in enumerate(weekdays):
        x = i * cell_width + cell_width // 2
        tw, th = dc.GetTextExtent(day)
        dc.DrawText(day, x - tw // 2, start_y)
    
    # 5. 绘制日期单元格
    dc.SetFont(wx.Font(12, wx.FONTFAMILY_DEFAULT, 
                       wx.FONTSTYLE_NORMAL, wx.FONTWEIGHT_NORMAL))
    
    for week_idx, week in enumerate(cal):
        for day_idx, day in enumerate(week):
            if day != 0:
                x = day_idx * cell_width
                y = start_y + 30 + week_idx * cell_height
                
                # 绘制单元格（见下节详解）
                self.draw_calendar_cell(dc, x, y, cell_width, 
                                       cell_height, day)

wx.PaintDC 核心方法：

3.3 单元格样式绘制

def draw_calendar_cell(self, dc, x, y, cell_width, cell_height, day):
    # 检查是否有记事
    date_str = f"{self.current_year}-{self.current_month:02d}-{day:02d}"
    has_events = (date_str in self.diary_data and 
                  any(self.diary_data[date_str].values()))
    
    # 检查是否是选中的日期
    is_selected = (self.selected_date and 
                   self.selected_date == date_str)
    
    # 根据状态设置不同样式
    if is_selected:
        # 选中：蓝色背景 + 蓝色粗边框
        dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(wx.Colour(100, 149, 237)))
        dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Colour(0, 0, 255), 2))
    elif has_events:
        # 有记事：黄色背景 + 橙色粗边框
        dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(wx.Colour(255, 250, 205)))
        dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Colour(255, 165, 0), 2))
    else:
        # 普通：白色背景 + 灰色细边框
        dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(wx.Colour(255, 255, 255)))
        dc.SetPen(wx.Pen(wx.Colour(200, 200, 200), 1))
    
    # 绘制矩形
    dc.DrawRectangle(x, y, cell_width - 2, cell_height - 2)
    
    # 绘制日期数字
    day_str = str(day)
    tw, th = dc.GetTextExtent(day_str)
    
    if is_selected:
        dc.SetTextForeground(wx.Colour(255, 255, 255))  # 白色文字
    else:
        dc.SetTextForeground(wx.Colour(0, 0, 0))  # 黑色文字
    
    dc.DrawText(day_str, x + 5, y + 5)
    
    # 如果有记事，显示红色小圆点标记
    if has_events and not is_selected:
        dc.SetBrush(wx.Brush(wx.Colour(255, 0, 0)))
        dc.DrawCircle(x + cell_width - 10, y + 10, 3)

颜色设计理念：

3.4 处理点击事件

def on_calendar_click(self, event):
    width, height = self.calendar_panel.GetSize()
    x, y = event.GetPosition()
    
    # 获取日历数据
    cal = calendar.monthcalendar(self.current_year, self.current_month)
    
    # 计算单元格尺寸（与绘制时一致）
    start_y = 80
    cell_width = width // 7
    cell_height = (height - 80) // (len(cal) + 1)
    
    if y < start_y:
        return  # 点击在标题区域，忽略
    
    # 计算点击位置对应的周索引和天索引
    week_idx = (y - start_y) // cell_height
    day_idx = x // cell_width
    
    # 验证索引有效性
    if 0 <= week_idx < len(cal) and 0 <= day_idx < 7:
        day = cal[week_idx][day_idx]
        if day != 0:  # 0表示非当月日期
            # 构造日期字符串
            self.selected_date = f"{self.current_year}-{self.current_month:02d}-{day:02d}"
            self.date_label.SetLabel(f"日期: {self.selected_date}")
            
            # 加载该日期的数据
            if self.selected_date in self.diary_data:
                data = self.diary_data[self.selected_date]
                self.morning_text.SetValue(data.get("morning", ""))
                self.noon_text.SetValue(data.get("noon", ""))
                self.evening_text.SetValue(data.get("evening", ""))
            else:
                self.morning_text.SetValue("")
                self.noon_text.SetValue("")
                self.evening_text.SetValue("")
            
            # 重绘日历以显示选中状态
            self.calendar_panel.Refresh()

坐标计算原理：

点击坐标 (x, y)
↓
week_idx = (y - start_y) // cell_height  # 第几周
day_idx = x // cell_width                 # 星期几
↓
day = cal[week_idx][day_idx]              # 获取日期数字

3.5 年月切换处理

def on_year_month_change(self, event):
    # 从下拉框获取新的年月
    self.current_year = int(self.year_choice.GetStringSelection())
    self.current_month = self.month_choice.GetSelection() + 1
    
    # 触发重绘
    self.calendar_panel.Refresh()

Refresh() 方法说明：

四、核心功能实现

4.1 数据保存功能

def on_save(self, event):
    if not self.selected_date:
        wx.MessageBox("请先选择日期", "提示", wx.OK | wx.ICON_WARNING)
        return
    
    # 保存到字典
    self.diary_data[self.selected_date] = {
        "morning": self.morning_text.GetValue(),
        "noon": self.noon_text.GetValue(),
        "evening": self.evening_text.GetValue()
    }
    
    # 持久化到文件
    self.save_data()
    
    # 重绘日历（显示红点标记）
    self.calendar_panel.Refresh()
    
    wx.MessageBox("保存成功！", "提示", wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)

4.2 数据持久化

def load_data(self):
    if os.path.exists(self.data_file):
        with open(self.data_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            return json.load(f)
    return {}

def save_data(self):
    with open(self.data_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        json.dump(self.diary_data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)

JSON参数解析：

五、PDF导出功能

5.1 PDF生成基础

def export_to_pdf(self, filename, year, month):
    c = pdf_canvas.Canvas(filename, pagesize=A4)
    width, height = A4
    
    # 尝试注册中文字体
    try:
        pdfmetrics.registerFont(TTFont('SimSun', 'simsun.ttc'))
        font_name = 'SimSun'
    except:
        font_name = 'Helvetica'
    
    # 标题
    c.setFont(font_name, 20)
    title = f"{year} Year {month} Month Calendar"
    c.drawCentredString(width / 2, height - 50, title)

ReportLab核心概念：

5.2 绘制PDF日历网格

# 获取日历
cal = calendar.monthcalendar(year, month)

# 绘制日历网格
start_x = 50
start_y = height - 100
cell_width = (width - 100) / 7
cell_height = 80

# 星期标题
c.setFont(font_name, 12)
weekdays = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
for i, day in enumerate(weekdays):
    c.drawCentredString(start_x + i * cell_width + cell_width / 2, 
                       start_y, day)

start_y -= 20

# 绘制日期和记事
c.setFont(font_name, 10)
for week_idx, week in enumerate(cal):
    for day_idx, day in enumerate(week):
        if day != 0:
            x = start_x + day_idx * cell_width
            y = start_y - week_idx * cell_height
            
            # 绘制边框
            c.rect(x, y - cell_height, cell_width, cell_height)
            
            # 绘制日期
            c.setFont(font_name, 14)
            c.drawString(x + 5, y - 20, str(day))
            
            # 获取当天记事并绘制
            date_str = f"{year}-{month:02d}-{day:02d}"
            if date_str in self.diary_data:
                data = self.diary_data[date_str]
                c.setFont(font_name, 8)
                y_offset = 35
                
                if data.get("morning"):
                    text = data["morning"][:20] + "..." if len(data["morning"]) > 20 else data["morning"]
                    c.drawString(x + 5, y - y_offset, f"M: {text}")
                    y_offset += 12
                
                if data.get("noon"):
                    text = data["noon"][:20] + "..." if len(data["noon"]) > 20 else data["noon"]
                    c.drawString(x + 5, y - y_offset, f"N: {text}")
                    y_offset += 12
                
                if data.get("evening"):
                    text = data["evening"][:20] + "..." if len(data["evening"]) > 20 else data["evening"]
                    c.drawString(x + 5, y - y_offset, f"E: {text}")

c.save()

ReportLab坐标系统：

六、预览功能实现

6.1 预览窗口架构

class PreviewFrame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, year, month, diary_data, background_image):
        super().__init__(parent, title=f"{year}年{month}月日历预览", 
                        size=(1000, 800))
        
        # 创建日历图像
        img = self.create_calendar_image()
        
        # 转换为wx.Image
        wx_img = wx.Image(io.BytesIO(img), wx.BITMAP_TYPE_PNG)
        bitmap = wx.Bitmap(wx_img)
        
        # 显示
        img_ctrl = wx.StaticBitmap(panel, bitmap=bitmap)

图像处理流程：

PIL创建图像 → 2. 保存到内存(BytesIO) → 3. 转换为wx.Image → 4. 转换为wx.Bitmap → 5. 显示

6.2 使用PIL绘制日历

def create_calendar_image(self):
    img_width, img_height = 1400, 1000
    
    # 处理背景图片
    if self.background_image and os.path.exists(self.background_image):
        img = Image.open(self.background_image).convert('RGBA')
        img = img.resize((img_width, img_height))
        overlay = Image.new('RGBA', img.size, (255, 255, 255, 180))
        img = Image.alpha_composite(img, overlay)
    else:
        img = Image.new('RGB', (img_width, img_height), 
                       color=(240, 248, 255))
    
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)

PIL图像模式：

6.3 字体处理

try:
    title_font = ImageFont.truetype("msyh.ttc", 48)
    date_font = ImageFont.truetype("msyh.ttc", 24)
    text_font = ImageFont.truetype("msyh.ttc", 16)
except:
    title_font = ImageFont.load_default()
    date_font = ImageFont.load_default()
    text_font = ImageFont.load_default()

常见中文字体文件：

6.4 绘制美观日历

# 标题
title = f"{self.year}年{self.month}月"
bbox = draw.textbbox((0, 0), title, font=title_font)
title_width = bbox[2] - bbox[0]
draw.text((img_width // 2 - title_width // 2, 30), title, 
         fill=(50, 50, 150), font=title_font)

# 获取日历
cal = calendar.monthcalendar(self.year, self.month)

# 绘制日历网格
start_x = 50
start_y = 120
cell_width = (img_width - 100) // 7
cell_height = (img_height - 200) // len(cal)

# 星期标题
weekdays = ['周一', '周二', '周三', '周四', '周五', '周六', '周日']
for i, day in enumerate(weekdays):
    x = start_x + i * cell_width + cell_width // 2
    bbox = draw.textbbox((0, 0), day, font=date_font)
    text_width = bbox[2] - bbox[0]
    draw.text((x - text_width // 2, start_y), day, 
             fill=(100, 100, 100), font=date_font)

start_y += 50

# 绘制日期单元格
for week_idx, week in enumerate(cal):
    for day_idx, day in enumerate(week):
        if day != 0:
            x = start_x + day_idx * cell_width
            y = start_y + week_idx * cell_height
            
            # 判断是否有记事
            date_str = f"{self.year}-{self.month:02d}-{day:02d}"
            has_events = (date_str in self.diary_data and 
                         any(self.diary_data[date_str].values()))
            
            # 不同样式绘制
            if has_events:
                draw.rectangle([x, y, x + cell_width - 5, y + cell_height - 5], 
                             fill=(255, 250, 205),      # 浅黄色填充
                             outline=(255, 165, 0),     # 橙色边框
                             width=2)
            else:
                draw.rectangle([x, y, x + cell_width - 5, y + cell_height - 5], 
                             outline=(200, 200, 200), 
                             width=1)
            
            # 绘制日期
            draw.text((x + 10, y + 10), str(day), fill=(0, 0, 0), font=date_font)
            
            # 显示记事预览
            if has_events:
                data = self.diary_data[date_str]
                y_offset = 45
                
                if data.get("morning"):
                    text = "🌅" + (data["morning"][:8] + "..." 
                                  if len(data["morning"]) > 8 
                                  else data["morning"])
                    draw.text((x + 10, y + y_offset), text, 
                             fill=(255, 100, 0), font=text_font)
                    y_offset += 25
                
                if data.get("noon"):
                    text = "☀️" + (data["noon"][:8] + "..." 
                                  if len(data["noon"]) > 8 
                                  else data["noon"])
                    draw.text((x + 10, y + y_offset), text, 
                             fill=(255, 165, 0), font=text_font)
                    y_offset += 25
                
                if data.get("evening"):
                    text = "🌙" + (data["evening"][:8] + "..." 
                                  if len(data["evening"]) > 8 
                                  else data["evening"])
                    draw.text((x + 10, y + y_offset), text, 
                             fill=(0, 0, 255), font=text_font)

# 保存到内存
buffer = io.BytesIO()
img.save(buffer, format='PNG')
buffer.seek(0)
return buffer.read()

效果图

以上就是基于Python开发日历记事本的完整教程的详细内容，更多关于Python日历记事本的资料请关注脚本之家其它相关文章！

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