Python Selenium操作Cookie的技巧与测试场景详解

# Python示例  
all_cookies = driver.get_cookies()  
print(all_cookies)  
# 输出：[{'name': 'session', 'value': 'abc123', ...}, ...]  

// Java示例  
Set<Cookie> allCookies = driver.manage().getCookies();  
System.out.println(allCookies);  

# Python示例  
session_cookie = driver.get_cookie("session_id")  
print(session_cookie['value'])  # 输出：a1b2c3d4e5  

// Java示例  
Cookie sessionCookie = driver.manage().getCookieNamed("session_id");  
System.out.println(sessionCookie.getValue());  

# Python示例  
driver.get("https://example.com")  # 先访问域名  
cookie = {  
'name': 'preferred_lang',  
'value': 'zh-CN',  
'domain': 'example.com'
}  
driver.add_cookie(cookie)  

// Java示例  
driver.get("https://example.com");  
Cookie langCookie = new Cookie("preferred_lang", "zh-CN", "example.com", "/", null);  
driver.manage().addCookie(langCookie);  

# Python示例  
driver.delete_cookie("old_session")  # 删除单个  
driver.delete_all_cookies()           # 清空所有  

// Java示例  
driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("old_session");  
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();  

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("[invalid url, do not cite]")

# 模拟登录
driver.find_element(By.ID, "username").send_keys("testuser")
driver.find_element(By.ID, "password").send_keys("password123")
driver.find_element(By.ID, "submit").click()

# 等待登录完成
driver.find_element(By.ID, "dashboard")  # 假设仪表板存在

# 获取 Cookie
cookies = driver.get_cookies()
session_cookie = next((cookie for cookie in cookies if cookie['name'] == 'session_id'), None)
assert session_cookie is not None, "Session cookie not found"
print("Session cookie:", session_cookie)

import json
from selenium import webdriver


# 登录并保存 Cookie
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("[invalid url, do not cite])
# 假设已登录，获取 Cookie
cookies = driver.get_cookies()
with open("cookies.json", "w") as file:
    json.dump(cookies, file)
driver.quit()

# 新会话加载 Cookie
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("[invalid url, do not cite])  # 导航到域名
with open("cookies.json", "r") as file:
    cookies = json.load(file)
    for cookie in cookies:
        driver.add_cookie(cookie)
driver.get("[invalid url, do not cite])
assert "Welcome, testuser" in driver.page_source, "Failed to access dashboard with cookie"

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("[invalid url, do not cite])

# 假设已登录
session_cookie = driver.get_cookie("session_id")
assert session_cookie is not None

# 模拟登出
driver.find_element(By.ID, "logout").click()

# 验证 Cookie 删除
session_cookie = driver.get_cookie("session_id")
assert session_cookie is None, "Session cookie not deleted after logout"

# 尝试访问受保护页面
driver.get("[invalid url, do not cite])
assert "Please login" in driver.page_source, "Access not denied after logout"

# Step1: 手动登录后获取Cookie  
driver.get("https://your-app.com/login")  
# ...（执行登录操作）  
session_cookie = driver.get_cookie("session_id")  

# Step2: 新会话注入Cookie跳过登录  
driver = webdriver.Chrome()  
driver.get("https://your-app.com")  # 必须先访问域名  
driver.add_cookie(session_cookie)  
driver.refresh()  # 刷新页面生效  
# 此时应处于登录状态！    

// Java示例：快速切换管理员/普通用户  

publicvoidswitchUser(String userType) {  
    driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();  

Cookie userCookie;  
if ("admin".equals(userType)) {  
        userCookie = newCookie("role", "admin", "app.com", "/", null);  
    } else {  
        userCookie = newCookie("role", "user", "app.com", "/", null);  
    }  
    driver.manage().addCookie(userCookie);  
    driver.navigate().refresh();  
}  

# 修改Cookie过期时间为过去时间  

expired_cookie = {  
'name': 'session',  
'value': 'expired_token',  
'domain': 'app.com',  
'expiry': 1609459200# 2021-01-01的时间戳  
}  
driver.add_cookie(expired_cookie)  
driver.refresh()  

# 验证是否跳转到登录页  
assert"Login"in driver.title  

# 设置domain为顶级域名  
cookie = {  
'name': 'company_id',  
'value': '123',  
'domain': '.example.com',  # 注意开头的点！  
'path': '/'
}  
driver.add_cookie(cookie)  

# 访问子域名验证  
driver.get("https://shop.example.com")  
assert driver.get_cookie("company_id") isnotNone

// 开发环境设置测试专用Cookie  
Cookie bypassCookie = new Cookie("disable_captcha", "true", "test-env.com", "/", null);  
driver.manage().addCookie(bypassCookie);  
driver.get("https://test-env.com/login");  
// 此时登录将跳过验证码检查  

classCookieManager:  
    @staticmethod  
defsave_cookies(driver, file_path):  
withopen(file_path, 'wb') as f:  
            pickle.dump(driver.get_cookies(), f)  

    @staticmethod  
defload_cookies(driver, file_path):  
        driver.get("https://example.com")  # 必须访问域名  
withopen(file_path, 'rb') as f:  
            cookies = pickle.load(f)  
for cookie in cookies:  
                driver.add_cookie(cookie)  
        driver.refresh()  

import pytest  

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")  
defauto_login(driver):  
    driver.get(LOGIN_URL)  
# ... 登录操作  
return driver  

# 所有测试用例自动携带登录态  
deftest_profile_page(auto_login):  
    auto_login.get(PROFILE_URL)  
assert"User Profile"in auto_login.title