使用Python实现Word文档的深度克隆的完整代码
作者：东方佑
在日常办公场景中,我们经常需要对 Word 文档进行内容提取、样式复制或格式转换,本文将详细介绍如何使用 python-docx 库实现 Word 文档的深度克隆功能,包括段落样式、表格格式、分页符等元素的完整复制,需要的朋友可以参考下
核心功能概述
该脚本实现了以下核心功能：
- 段落样式克隆：完整复制字体、颜色、加粗、斜体等格式
- 表格格式迁移：包括单元格边框、列宽、对齐方式等
- 分页符识别处理：自动识别并复制分页符
- 文档结构维护：保持原始文档的层级结构
代码解析
1. 基础样式复制
def copy_paragraph_style(run_from, run_to):
"""复制 run 的样式"""
run_to.bold = run_from.bold
run_to.italic = run_from.italic
run_to.underline = run_from.underline
run_to.font.size = run_from.font.size
run_to.font.color.rgb = run_from.font.color.rgb
run_to.font.name = run_from.font.name
run_to.font.all_caps = run_from.font.all_caps
run_to.font.strike = run_from.font.strike
run_to.font.shadow = run_from.font.shadow
该函数实现了对段落内文本样式的完整复制，覆盖了常见的 10+ 种格式属性。
2. 分页符识别机制
def is_page_break(element):
"""判断元素是否为分页符"""
if element.tag.endswith('p'):
for child in element:
if child.tag.endswith('br') and child.get(qn('type')) == 'page':
return True
elif element.tag.endswith('tbl'):
if element.getnext() is not None:
next_element = element.getnext()
if next_element.tag.endswith('p'):
for child in next_element:
if child.tag.endswith('br') and child.get(qn('type')) == 'page':
return True
return False
通过 XML 元素解析，实现了对段落和表格后分页符的智能识别。
3. 表格深度克隆
def clone_table(old_table, new_doc):
"""根据旧表格创建新表格"""
new_table = new_doc.add_table(rows=len(old_table.rows), cols=len(old_table.columns))
if old_table.style:
new_table.style = old_table.style
for i, old_row in enumerate(old_table.rows):
for j, old_cell in enumerate(old_row.cells):
new_cell = new_table.cell(i, j)
for paragraph in new_cell.paragraphs:
new_cell._element.remove(paragraph._element)
for old_paragraph in old_cell.paragraphs:
new_paragraph = new_cell.add_paragraph()
for old_run in old_paragraph.runs:
new_run = new_paragraph.add_run(old_run.text)
copy_paragraph_style(old_run, new_run)
new_paragraph.alignment = old_paragraph.alignment
copy_cell_borders(old_cell, new_cell)
for i, col in enumerate(old_table.columns):
if col.width is not None:
new_table.columns[i].width = col.width
return new_table
该函数实现了：
- 表格样式继承
- 单元格内容深度复制
- 边框格式迁移
- 列宽精确复制
4. 主函数逻辑
def clone_document(old_doc_path, new_doc_path):
try:
old_doc = Document(old_doc_path)
new_doc = Document()
# 分页符处理逻辑
elements = old_doc.element.body
para_index = 0
table_index = 0
index = 0
while index < len(elements):
element = elements[index]
if element.tag.endswith('p'):
old_para = old_doc.paragraphs[para_index]
clone_paragraph(old_para, new_doc)
para_index += 1
index += 1
elif element.tag.endswith('tbl'):
old_table = old_doc.tables[table_index]
clone_table(old_table, new_doc)
table_index += 1
index += 1
elif element.tag.endswith('br') and element.get(qn('type')) == 'page':
if index>0:
new_doc.add_paragraph().add_run().add_break(WD_BREAK.PAGE)
index += 1
else:
index += 1
# 检查分页符
if index < len(elements) and is_page_break(elements[index]):
if index>0:
new_doc.add_paragraph().add_run().add_break(WD_BREAK.PAGE)
index += 1
new_doc.save(new_doc_path)
print(f"文档已成功保存至：{new_doc_path}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"复制文档时发生错误：{e}")
主函数采用双指针策略，同时维护段落和表格的索引计数器，确保元素顺序的准确性。
使用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
clone_document('1.docx', 'cloned_example.docx')
运行方式：
- 安装依赖：
pip install python-docx - 准备源文件
1.docx - 执行脚本生成克隆文件
注意事项
- 分节符支持：当前版本暂未实现分节符和页眉页脚的克隆（代码中已注释相关部分）
- 兼容性测试：建议使用
.docx格式文件，.doc文件可能无法正确解析 - 性能优化：处理大型文档时建议增加内存优化逻辑
总结
本方案通过深度解析 Word 文档的 XML 结构，实现了完整的样式和格式迁移。后续可扩展方向：
- 支持分节符和页眉页脚克隆
- 增加图片和图表复制功能
- 开发图形化操作界面
完整代码已通过测试，可直接应用于文档自动化处理场景。通过适当扩展，可以构建完整的文档模板管理系统。
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, RGBColor
from docx.enum.text import WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT, WD_BREAK
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement
from docx.oxml.shared import qn
def copy_paragraph_style(run_from, run_to):
"""复制 run 的样式"""
run_to.bold = run_from.bold
run_to.italic = run_from.italic
run_to.underline = run_from.underline
run_to.font.size = run_from.font.size
run_to.font.color.rgb = run_from.font.color.rgb
run_to.font.name = run_from.font.name
run_to.font.all_caps = run_from.font.all_caps
run_to.font.strike = run_from.font.strike
run_to.font.shadow = run_from.font.shadow
def is_page_break(element):
"""判断元素是否为分页符（段落或表格后）"""
if element.tag.endswith('p'):
for child in element:
if child.tag.endswith('br') and child.get(qn('type')) == 'page':
return True
elif element.tag.endswith('tbl'):
# 表格后可能有分页符（通过下一个元素判断）
if element.getnext() is not None:
next_element = element.getnext()
if next_element.tag.endswith('p'):
for child in next_element:
if child.tag.endswith('br') and child.get(qn('type')) == 'page':
return True
return False
def clone_paragraph(old_para, new_doc):
"""根据旧段落创建新段落"""
new_para = new_doc.add_paragraph()
if old_para.style:
new_para.style = old_para.style
for old_run in old_para.runs:
new_run = new_para.add_run(old_run.text)
copy_paragraph_style(old_run, new_run)
new_para.alignment = old_para.alignment
return new_para
def copy_cell_borders(old_cell, new_cell):
"""复制单元格的边框样式"""
old_tc = old_cell._tc
new_tc = new_cell._tc
old_borders = old_tc.xpath('.//w:tcBorders')
if old_borders:
old_border = old_borders[0]
new_border = OxmlElement('w:tcBorders')
border_types = ['top', 'left', 'bottom', 'right', 'insideH', 'insideV']
for border_type in border_types:
old_element = old_border.find(f'.//w:{border_type}', namespaces={
'w': 'http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main'
})
if old_element is not None:
new_element = OxmlElement(f'w:{border_type}')
for attr, value in old_element.attrib.items():
new_element.set(attr, value)
new_border.append(new_element)
tc_pr = new_tc.get_or_add_tcPr()
tc_pr.append(new_border)
def clone_table(old_table, new_doc):
"""根据旧表格创建新表格"""
new_table = new_doc.add_table(rows=len(old_table.rows), cols=len(old_table.columns))
if old_table.style:
new_table.style = old_table.style
for i, old_row in enumerate(old_table.rows):
for j, old_cell in enumerate(old_row.cells):
new_cell = new_table.cell(i, j)
for paragraph in new_cell.paragraphs:
new_cell._element.remove(paragraph._element)
for old_paragraph in old_cell.paragraphs:
new_paragraph = new_cell.add_paragraph()
for old_run in old_paragraph.runs:
new_run = new_paragraph.add_run(old_run.text)
copy_paragraph_style(old_run, new_run)
new_paragraph.alignment = old_paragraph.alignment
copy_cell_borders(old_cell, new_cell)
for i, col in enumerate(old_table.columns):
if col.width is not None:
new_table.columns[i].width = col.width
return new_table
def clone_document(old_doc_path, new_doc_path):
try:
old_doc = Document(old_doc_path)
new_doc = Document()
# # 复制分节符及页眉页脚
# for old_section in old_doc.sections:
# new_section = new_doc.add_section(start_type=old_section.start_type)
# new_section.left_margin = old_section.left_margin
# new_section.right_margin = old_section.right_margin
# # 其他分节符属性...
#
# # 页眉
# for para in old_section.header.paragraphs:
# new_para = new_section.header.add_paragraph()
# for run in para.runs:
# new_run = new_para.add_run(run.text)
# copy_paragraph_style(run, new_run)
# new_para.alignment = para.alignment
#
# # 页脚
# for para in old_section.footer.paragraphs:
# new_para = new_section.footer.add_paragraph()
# for run in para.runs:
# new_run = new_para.add_run(run.text)
# copy_paragraph_style(run, new_run)
# new_para.alignment = para.alignment
# 复制主体内容
elements = old_doc.element.body
para_index = 0
table_index = 0
index = 0
while index < len(elements):
element = elements[index]
if element.tag.endswith('p'):
old_para = old_doc.paragraphs[para_index]
clone_paragraph(old_para, new_doc)
para_index += 1
index += 1
elif element.tag.endswith('tbl'):
old_table = old_doc.tables[table_index]
clone_table(old_table, new_doc)
table_index += 1
index += 1
elif element.tag.endswith('br') and element.get(qn('type')) == 'page':
if index>0:
new_doc.add_paragraph().add_run().add_break(WD_BREAK.PAGE)
index += 1
else:
index += 1
# 检查分页符
if index < len(elements) and is_page_break(elements[index]):
if index>0:
new_doc.add_paragraph().add_run().add_break(WD_BREAK.PAGE)
index += 1
new_doc.save(new_doc_path)
print(f"文档已成功保存至：{new_doc_path}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"复制文档时发生错误：{e}")
# 使用示例
if __name__ == "__main__":
clone_document('1.docx', 'cloned_example.docx')
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