Python从wsgi导入失败的问题解决方法
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在一个apache2/flask服务器上，有一个文件夹结构如下：
/var/www/myapp /var/www/myapp/routing.py /var/www/myapp/__init__.py /var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi
myapp文件夹中的应用程序文件(routing.py)如下：
from flask import Flask, render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def welkom():
return render_template('welkom.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.debug = 'True'
app.run()wsgi-scripts中的myapp.wsgi文件如下：
import sys sys.path.insert(0, '/var/www/myapp') from myapp import routing as application
但是当我加载页面时，日志中出现以下错误：
[Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] mod_wsgi (pid=23574): Target WSGI script '/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi' cannot be loaded as Python module. [Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] mod_wsgi (pid=23574): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi'. [Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] Traceback (most recent call last): [Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] File "/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi", line 3, in <module> [Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] import myapp.routing as application [Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] ImportError: No module named myapp.routing [Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] mod_wsgi (pid=23575): Target WSGI script '/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi' cannot be loaded as Python module. [Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] mod_wsgi (pid=23575): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi'. [Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] Traceback (most recent call last): [Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] File "/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi", line 3, in <module> [Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] import myapp.routing as application [Fri Mar 15 08:06:32 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] ImportError: No module named myapp.routing [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] mod_wsgi (pid=23577): Target WSGI script '/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi' cannot be loaded as Python module. [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] mod_wsgi (pid=23577): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi'. [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] Traceback (most recent call last): [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] File "/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi", line 3, in <module> [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] import myapp.routing as application [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] ImportError: No module named myapp.routing [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] mod_wsgi (pid=23573): Target WSGI script '/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi' cannot be loaded as Python module. [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] mod_wsgi (pid=23573): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi'. [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] Traceback (most recent call last): [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] File "/var/www/wsgi-scripts/myapp.wsgi", line 3, in <module> [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] import myapp.routing as application [Fri Mar 15 08:06:33 2013] [error] [client 192.168.1.11] ImportError: No module named myapp.routing
解决方案
问题的原因是Python从wsgi导入失败，可能是因为以下原因：
- myapp.routing模块没有被正确导入。
- myapp.routing模块没有被正确定义。
方法一：
第一个答案中给出的解决方案是：
- 直接导入routing模块，而不是myapp.routing模块。
- 将application定义为一个函数，而不是一个模块。
代码示例：
# myapp.wsgi import sys sys.path.insert(0, '/var/www/myapp') from routing import app as application
# routing.py
def app(environ, start_response):
app.debug = 'True'
app.run()
方法二：
第二个答案中给出的解决方案是：
- 使用site.addsitedir()函数将myapp目录添加到Python的包路径中。
- 使用sys.path[:] = new_sys_path将新路径放在Python的包路径的前面。
代码示例：
# myapp.wsgi
ALLDIRS = ['/var/www/myapp/']
import sys
import site
# Remember original sys.path.
prev_sys_path = list(sys.path)
# Add each new site-packages directory.
for directory in ALLDIRS:
site.addsitedir(directory)
# Reorder sys.path so new directories at the front.
new_sys_path = []
for item in list(sys.path):
if item not in prev_sys_path:
new_sys_path.append(item)
sys.path.remove(item)
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