Python Pendulum进行日期时间处理的示例详解
作者：小龙在山东
Pendulum 是对 Python datetime 的继承和发展,让日期时间处理更简单,这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了Pendulum的具体应用,需要的可以参考下
Pendulum 是对 Python datetime 的继承和发展，让日期时间处理更简单，比 datatime 更加人性化，支持 Python 3.9 及以上版本。
安装
$ pip install pendulum
创建 datetime 对象
import pendulum dt = pendulum.datetime(2025, 2, 5) isinstance(dt, datetime) #True dt.timezone.name #'UTC'
设置时区
import pendulum
pendulum.datetime(2015, 2, 5, tz='Asia/Shanghai')
tz = pendulum.timezone('Asia/Shanghai')
pendulum.datetime(2025, 2, 5, tz=tz)
当前 datetime、今天、昨天、明天
now = pendulum.now()
print(now)
#'2016-06-28T16:51:45.978473-05:00'
today = pendulum.today()
print(today)
#'2016-06-28T00:00:00-05:00'
tomorrow = pendulum.tomorrow('Europe/London')
print(tomorrow)
#'2016-06-29T00:00:00+01:00'
yesterday = pendulum.yesterday()
print(yesterday)
#'2016-06-27T00:00:00-05:00'
# 从格式化字符串创建datetime
dt = pendulum.from_format('1975-05-21 22', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH')
print(dt)
#'1975-05-21T22:00:00+00:00'
dt = pendulum.from_format('1975-05-21 22', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH', tz='Asia/Shanghai')
#'1975-05-21T22:00:00+01:00'
从时间戳创建
dt = pendulum.from_timestamp(-1) print(dt) #'1969-12-31T23:59:59+00:00' dt = pendulum.from_timestamp(-1, tz='Europe/London') print(dt) #'1970-01-01T00:59:59+01:00'
从实例创建
dt = datetime(2008, 1, 1) p = pendulum.instance(dt) print(p) #'2008-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'
解析
import pendulum
dt = pendulum.parse('1975-05-21T22:00:00')
print(dt)
#'1975-05-21T22:00:00+00:00
# You can pass a tz keyword to specify the timezone
dt = pendulum.parse('1975-05-21T22:00:00', tz='Europe/Paris')
print(dt)
#'1975-05-21T22:00:00+01:00'
# Not ISO 8601 compliant but common
dt = pendulum.parse('1975-05-21 22:00:00')
宽松模式解析
import pendulum
dt = pendulum.parse('31-01-01')
#Traceback (most recent call last):
#...
#ParserError: Unable to parse string [31-01-01]
dt = pendulum.parse('31-01-01', strict=False)
print(dt)
#'2031-01-01T00:00:00+00:00'
格式化
import pendulum
dt = pendulum.datetime(1975, 12, 25, 14, 15, 16)
print(dt)
#'1975-12-25T14:15:16+00:00'
dt.to_date_string()
#'1975-12-25'
dt.to_formatted_date_string()
#'Dec 25, 1975'
dt.to_time_string()
#'14:15:16'
dt.to_datetime_string()
#'1975-12-25 14:15:16'
dt.to_day_datetime_string()
#'Thu, Dec 25, 1975 2:15 PM'
# You can also use the format() method
dt.format('dddd Do [of] MMMM YYYY HH:mm:ss A')
#'Thursday 25th of December 1975 02:15:16 PM'
# Of course, the strftime method is still available
dt.strftime('%A %-d%t of %B %Y %I:%M:%S %p')
#'Thursday 25th of December 1975 02:15:16 PM'
import pendulum
dt = pendulum.datetime(1975, 12, 25, 14, 15, 16)
dt.format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss')
#'1975-12-25 14:15:16'
加减
import pendulum dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 31) dt.to_datetime_string() #'2012-01-31 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(years=5) #'2017-01-31 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(years=1) #'2018-01-31 00:00:00' dt = dt.subtract(years=1) #'2017-01-31 00:00:00' dt = dt.subtract(years=5) #'2012-01-31 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(months=60) #'2017-01-31 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(months=1) #'2017-02-28 00:00:00' dt = dt.subtract(months=1) #'2017-01-28 00:00:00' dt = dt.subtract(months=60) #'2012-01-28 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(days=29) #'2012-02-26 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(days=1) #'2012-02-27 00:00:00' dt = dt.subtract(days=1) #'2012-02-26 00:00:00' dt = dt.subtract(days=29) #'2012-01-28 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(weeks=3) #'2012-02-18 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(weeks=1) #'2012-02-25 00:00:00' dt = dt.subtract(weeks=1) #'2012-02-18 00:00:00' dt = dt.subtract(weeks=3) #'2012-01-28 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(hours=24) #'2012-01-29 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(hours=1) #'2012-02-25 01:00:00' dt = dt.subtract(hours=1) #'2012-02-29 00:00:00' dt = dt.subtract(hours=24) #'2012-01-28 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(minutes=61) #'2012-01-28 01:01:00' dt = dt.add(minutes=1) #'2012-01-28 01:02:00' dt = dt.subtract(minutes=1) #'2012-01-28 01:01:00' dt = dt.subtract(minutes=24) #'2012-01-28 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(seconds=61) #'2012-01-28 00:01:01' dt = dt.add(seconds=1) #'2012-01-28 00:01:02' dt = dt.subtract(seconds=1) #'2012-01-28 00:01:01' dt = dt.subtract(seconds=61) #'2012-01-28 00:00:00' dt = dt.add(years=3, months=2, days=6, hours=12, minutes=31, seconds=43) #'2015-04-03 12:31:43' dt = dt.subtract(years=3, months=2, days=6, hours=12, minutes=31, seconds=43) #'2012-01-28 00:00:00'
修改
import pendulum
dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0)
dt.start_of('day')
#'2012-01-31 00:00:00'
dt.end_of('day')
#'2012-01-31 23:59:59'
dt.start_of('month')
#'2012-01-01 00:00:00'
dt.end_of('month')
#'2012-01-31 23:59:59'
dt.start_of('year')
#'2012-01-01 00:00:00'
dt.end_of('year')
#'2012-12-31 23:59:59'
dt.start_of('decade')
#'2010-01-01 00:00:00'
dt.end_of('decade')
#'2019-12-31 23:59:59'
dt.start_of('century')
#'2000-01-01 00:00:00'
dt.end_of('century')
#'2099-12-31 23:59:59'
dt.start_of('week')
#'2012-01-30 00:00:00'
dt.day_of_week == pendulum.MONDAY
#True # ISO8601 week starts on Monday
dt.end_of('week')
'2012-02-05 23:59:59'
dt.day_of_week == pendulum.SUNDAY
#True # ISO8601 week ends on SUNDAY
dt.next(pendulum.WEDNESDAY)
#'2012-02-01 00:00:00'
dt.day_of_week == pendulum.WEDNESDAY
#True
dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0)
dt.next()
#'2012-01-08 00:00:00'
dt.next(keep_time=True)
#'2012-01-08T12:00:00+00:00'
dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 31, 12, 0, 0)
dt.previous(pendulum.WEDNESDAY)
#'2012-01-25 00:00:00'
dt.day_of_week == pendulum.WEDNESDAY
#True
dt = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 1, 12, 0, 0)
dt.previous()
#'2011-12-25 00:00:00'
dt.previous(keep_time=True)
#'2011-12-25 12:00:00'
start = pendulum.datetime(2014, 1, 1)
end = pendulum.datetime(2014, 1, 30)
start.average(end)
#'2014-01-15 12:00:00'
# others that are defined that are similar
# and tha accept month, quarter and year units
# first_of(), last_of(), nth_of()
期间大小
import pendulum from datetime import datetime d1 = datetime(2012, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, tzinfo=pytz.UTC) d2 = datetime(2011, 12, 31, 22, 2, 3, tzinfo=pytz.UTC) delta = d2 - d1 delta.days #-1 delta.seconds #75600 d1 = pendulum.datetime(2012, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3) d2 = pendulum.datetime(2011, 12, 31, 22, 2, 3) delta = d2 - d1 delta.days #0 delta.hours #-3 import pendulum it = pendulum.duration(days=1177, seconds=7284, microseconds=1234)
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