python实现简易SSL的项目实践
作者:mileeees
本文主要介绍了python实现简易SSL的项目实践,包括CA.py、server.py和client.py三个模块,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧
本篇博客使用python实现了一个简易的SSL,以帮助理解SSL的大致实现流程。
SSL(Secure Socket Layer)安全套接层是Netscape公司率先采用的网络安全协议。它是在传输通信协议(TCP/IP)上实现的一种安全协议,采用公开密钥技术。
运行环境
- 操作系统:浪潮云启操作系统 InLinux 23.12 LTS SP1
- python版本:3.9.9
- 使用的python包:cryptography、ownca、signify
浪潮云启操作系统(InLinux)面向企业级业务,提供自主可控、安全可靠的新一代服务器操作系统,全面支持云计算、大数据、人工智能、物联网等新型场景,具备性能高效、扩展便捷、管理智能、内生安全等特性。
运行前准备
# 安装python yum install -y python # 安装python包 pip install cryptography ownca signify
程序实现与流程说明
本程序实现了一个简易的SSL,共分为三个模块:CA.py,server.py,client.py。
CA.py负责签发证书,server.py与client.py通信,过程中会实现生成公私钥对、会话密钥等过程。为了简易性,server能够从本地直接获取证书,且只有server对client检查证书。
程序流程如下:
- CA生成根证书、公私钥对
- client生成公私钥对、向CA发送CSR请求
- CA收到CSR请求,用私钥签名,向client发送签名证书,client拿到证书
- client第一次向server发送数据,并附带证书信息
- server检验证书信息,并生成session_key,利用client公钥加密session_key,将密文发回给client,之后的对话用session_key验证。
- client解密session_key,利用消息和session_key生成MAC,向server发送消息并附带MAC
- server收到消息并验证MAC,对话结束。
运行截图
CA.py

server.py

client.py

证书目录:

代码
CA.py
import ownca.ownca
import socket
from cryptography import x509
from cryptography.x509 import NameOID
ca = ownca.CertificateAuthority(ca_storage='./myCA',common_name='myCA')
print("myCA initialized")
HOST = "127.0.0.1" # Standard loopback interface address (localhost)
PORT = 11111 # Port to listen on (non-privileged ports are > 1023)
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.bind((HOST, PORT))
server_socket.listen(5)
print("myCA server is running...")
while True:
conn, addr = server_socket.accept()
print(f"Connected by {addr}")
data = conn.recv(2048)
csr = x509.load_pem_x509_csr(data)
try:
# sign the CSR, if success, the certificate will generate and store
ca.sign_csr(csr,csr.public_key(),maximum_days=825)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
# extract CN from CSR
common_name = csr.subject.get_attributes_for_oid(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)[0].value
# load the issued certificate from existing file
load_cert = ca.load_certificate(common_name)
print('Successfully sign for ' + common_name)
# Send the certificate bytes
send_data = load_cert.cert_bytes
conn.sendall(send_data)
conn.close()
client.py
import socket
import pickle
from cryptography import x509
from cryptography.x509.oid import NameOID
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes, hmac
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa, padding
def generateCSR(common_name, private_key):
csr = x509.CertificateSigningRequestBuilder().subject_name(x509.Name([
# Provide various details about who we are.
x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME, u"CN"),
x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME, u"Beijing"),
# x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.LOCALITY_NAME, u"Richmond"),
# x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, u"My Organization"),
x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, common_name),
])).sign(private_key, hashes.SHA256())
return csr
def RSADecryption(cipher, private_key):
msg = private_key.decrypt(
cipher,
padding.OAEP(
mgf=padding.MGF1(algorithm=hashes.SHA256()),
algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
label=None
)
)
return msg
# Generate the RSA private key
private_key = rsa.generate_private_key(public_exponent=65537, key_size=2048)
cn = input("Input common name: ")
csr = generateCSR(cn, private_key)
public_key = private_key.public_key()
# public_key = csr.public_key()
csr_bytes = csr.public_bytes(serialization.Encoding.PEM)
print(cn + ": Key Pair and CSR generated!")
HOST = "127.0.0.1" # The server's hostname or IP address
CA_PORT = 11111 # The CA server port
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
s.connect((HOST, CA_PORT))
s.sendall(csr_bytes) # send the generated CSR
cert_data = s.recv(2048)
print(cn + " signing finished!, part of the cert:")
print(cert_data[:40] + b'...')
print('================================================')
Server_PORT = 22222 # The Server port
session_key = b''
msg = b''
hMAC = b''
public_key_pem = public_key.public_bytes(
encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
format=serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo
)
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
s.connect((HOST, Server_PORT))
# send all params to the Server
params = [cn, cert_data, public_key_pem, session_key, msg, hMAC]
data = pickle.dumps(params)
s.sendall(data)
data = s.recv(2048)
print("Received from Server: ")
session_key = RSADecryption(data, private_key)
print("Session key decrypted:",session_key)
msg = b'This is messgae from ' + cn.encode('utf-8') + b'.\n'
with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
s.connect((HOST, Server_PORT))
msg = msg * 10
h = hmac.HMAC(session_key,hashes.SHA256())
h.update(msg)
hMAC = h.finalize()
# Send all params with valid session_key, msg and hMAC
params = [cn, cert_data, public_key_pem, session_key, msg, hMAC]
data = pickle.dumps(params)
s.sendall(data)
data = s.recv(2048)
print(data)
server.py
import os
import pickle
import socket
import ownca
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes, hmac
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import load_pem_public_key
from signify.x509 import CertificateStore, VerificationContext, Certificate
ca = ownca.CertificateAuthority(ca_storage='./myCA',common_name='myCA')
print("Successfully load the CA certificate")
HOST = "127.0.0.1"
PORT = 22222
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.bind((HOST, PORT))
server_socket.listen()
print("Server is running...")
# generate a list of random bytes as Session key
def generateSessionKey(byte_num=16):
return os.urandom(byte_num)
# Encrypt the msg using RSA
def RSAEncryption(msg, public_key):
cipher = public_key.encrypt(
msg,
padding.OAEP(
mgf=padding.MGF1(algorithm=hashes.SHA256()),
algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
label=None
)
)
return cipher
while True:
conn, addr = server_socket.accept()
print(f"Connected by {addr}")
data = conn.recv(2048)
# find all params from the received data
params = pickle.loads(data)
cn = params[0]
cert_from_cli_pem = params[1]
public_key_pem = params[2] # for encrypting the session_key
session_key = params[3]
msg = params[4]
hMAC_to_check = params[5]
# if no session built
if not session_key:
try:
# Using Signify to verify the certificate
# Raise exception if verification error
trust_store = CertificateStore([Certificate.from_pem(ca.cert_bytes)], trusted=True)
context = VerificationContext(trust_store)
Certificate.from_pem(cert_from_cli_pem).verify(context)
except Exception as e:
print(cn + "Verification error: ", e)
conn.sendall(b"Verification error!\n")
conn.close()
continue
finally:
print(cn + " Verification success!")
# load cert from stu_pem and find the public_key
public_key = load_pem_public_key(public_key_pem)
session_key = generateSessionKey()
print(cn + " Session key generated:",session_key)
cipher = RSAEncryption(session_key,public_key)
conn.sendall(cipher)
# valid session key
else:
h = hmac.HMAC(session_key, hashes.SHA256())
h.update(msg)
try:
h.verify(hMAC_to_check)
except Exception as e:
print(cn + " MAC Verification wrong:",e)
conn.close()
continue
finally:
print(cn + " MAC Verification success!")
print(msg)
conn.sendall(b'MAC Verification success!')
conn.close()
参考资料
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