PyQt 异步任务多线程的几种方案示例详解
作者：恋恋西风
文章总结了多线程异步编程的不同方式,包括QThread、QThreadPool和concurrent.futures,分别适用于不同场景,本文结合实例代码给大家介绍的非常详细,感兴趣的朋友一起看看吧
多线程异步线程是我们常用的，如我们在执行耗时操作，又不想卡用主程序 ；
1. QThread
from PyQt5.QtCore import QThread, pyqtSignal
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QLabel, QVBoxLayout, QWidget, QPushButton
import time
class WorkerThread(QThread):
progress = pyqtSignal(int) # 定义信号
def __init__(self,main_instance):
QThread.__init__(self)
self.main_instance = main_instance
def run(self):
for i in range(1, 101):
self.main_instance.excuteSomeThing()
self.progress.emit(i) # 发送信号
class MainWindow(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.resize(800, 600)
self.initUI()
def initUI(self):
self.label = QLabel("进度: 0")
self.button = QPushButton("开始任务")
self.button.clicked.connect(self.start_task)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.label)
layout.addWidget(self.button)
self.setLayout(layout)
def excuteSomeThing(self):
time.sleep(0.1) # 模拟耗时操作
def start_task(self):
self.worker = WorkerThread(self)
self.worker.progress.connect(self.update_label) # 连接信号到槽函数
self.worker.start() # 启动线程
def update_label(self, value):
self.label.setText(f"进度: {value}")
app = QApplication([])
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
app.exec_()子线程中回调主线程函数执行，在子线程；
2. QThreadPool
from PyQt5.QtCore import QRunnable, QThreadPool, pyqtSignal, QObject
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QLabel, QVBoxLayout, QWidget, QPushButton
import time
class WorkerSignals(QObject):
progress = pyqtSignal(int)
class Worker(QRunnable):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.signals = WorkerSignals()
def run(self):
for i in range(1, 101):
time.sleep(0.01) # 模拟耗时操作
self.signals.progress.emit(i) # 发送信号
class MainWindow(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.resize(800, 600)
self.initUI()
self.thread_pool = QThreadPool()
def initUI(self):
self.label = QLabel("进度: 0")
self.button = QPushButton("开始任务")
self.button.clicked.connect(self.start_task)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.label)
layout.addWidget(self.button)
self.setLayout(layout)
def start_task(self):
worker = Worker()
worker.signals.progress.connect(self.update_label)
self.thread_pool.start(worker)
def update_label(self, value):
self.label.setText(f"进度: {value}")
app = QApplication([])
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
app.exec_()3.concurrent
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QObject
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QLabel, QVBoxLayout, QWidget, QPushButton
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
import time
class Worker(QObject):
progress = pyqtSignal(int)
def do_work(self):
for i in range(1, 101):
time.sleep(0.021) # 模拟耗时操作
self.progress.emit(i)
class MainWindow(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.resize(800, 600)
self.initUI()
self.executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10)
def initUI(self):
self.label = QLabel("进度: 0")
self.button = QPushButton("开始任务")
self.button.clicked.connect(self.start_task)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.label)
layout.addWidget(self.button)
self.setLayout(layout)
def start_task(self):
self.worker = Worker()
self.worker.progress.connect(self.update_label)
self.executor.submit(self.worker.do_work)
def update_label(self, value):
self.label.setText(f"进度: {value}")
app = QApplication([])
window = MainWindow()
window.show()
app.exec_()总结
QThread：适合需要自定义线程逻辑的场景。QRunnable + QThreadPool：适合轻量级、高并发任务。concurrent.futures：简单结合信号与槽机制使用线程池。
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