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django authentication 登录注册的实现示例

2024-11-26 10:47:11 作者：paul_chen21

本文主要介绍了使用Django内置的authentication功能实现用户注册和登录功能,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧

前言

之前，写了django制作简易登录系统，这次利用django内置的authentication功能实现注册、登录

一、django配置

python包具体配置见之前的文章，和之前一样，注释掉跨域，引入mysql
authentication需要额外引入redis

CACHES = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://ip:6379",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
        }
    },
    "session": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://ip:6379/1",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
            "CONNECTION_POOL_KWARGS": {
                "max_connections": 100
            }
        }
    }
}
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = "session"
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 500

二、后端实现

1.新建app

python manage.py startapp app名称

2.编写view

代码如下（示例）：

# Create your views here.

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.shortcuts import render


def login1(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        print("GET")
        return render(
            request,
            'login.html',
        )

    elif request.method == 'POST':
        print("POST")
        # 获取参数
        user_name = request.POST.get('username', '')
        pwd = request.POST.get('password', '')

        # 用户已存在
        if User.objects.filter(username=user_name):
            # 使用内置方法验证
            user = authenticate(username=user_name, password=pwd)
            print(user)
            # 验证通过
            if user:
                # 用户已激活
                if user.is_active:
                    login(request, user)
                    request.session["current_user"] = user.username  # 将用户名存储在session中
                    request.session.set_expiry(0)
                    return render(request, "index.html")
                # 未激活
                else:
                    return JsonResponse({
                        'code': 403,
                        'msg': '用户未激活'
                    })

            # 验证失败
            else:
                return JsonResponse({
                    'code': 403,
                    'msg': '用户认证失败'
                })

        # 用户不存在
        else:
            return redirect('register')
    else:
        return render(request, 'login.html')


def register(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "register.html")
    elif request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get('username', '')
        pwd = request.POST.get('password', '')
        if User.objects.filter(username=username):
            return JsonResponse({
                'code': 200,
                'msg': 'user exists'
            })
        else:
            user = User.objects.create_user(username=username, password=pwd)
            return JsonResponse({
                'code': 200,
                'msg': '注册成功，去登陆'
            })
    else:
        return render(request, 'register.html')


def logout1(request):
    logout(request)
    request.session.clear()
    return redirect("index")


def index(request):
    return render(request, "index.html")

3.配置路由

在app中新建urls.py

from django.urls import path
from loginapp import views
from loginapp.views import index, login1, register, logout1
urlpatterns = [
    path('', index, name='index'),  # 定义根路径'/'到index视图的映射
    path('login/', login1, name='login'),
    path('logout/', logout1, name='logout'),
    path('register/', register, name='register'),
]

主路由（刚建完项目时的那个目录下）修改如下

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('', include('app名称.urls')),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

三、前端编写

1、index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Home</title>
</head>
<body>
    {% if request.session.current_user %}
        <h1>Welcome, {{ request.session.current_user }}!</h1>
        <p>You are logged in.</p>
        <a href="{% url 'logout' %}" rel="external nofollow" >Logout</a>
    {% else %}
        <h1>Welcome, Guest!</h1>
        <p>Please <a href="{% url 'login' %}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >Login</a> or <a href="{% url 'register' %}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >Register</a>.</p>
    {% endif %}
</body>
</html>

在这里插入图片描述

2、register.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Register</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Register</h1>
    <form method="post" action="{% url 'register' %}">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <label for="username">Username:</label>
        <input type="text" id="username" name="username" required><br><br>
        <label for="password">Password:</label>
        <input type="password" id="password" name="password" required><br><br>
        <button type="submit">Register</button>
    </form>
    <p>Already have an account? <a href="{% url 'login' %}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >Login here</a>.</p>
</body>
</html>

3、 login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Login</h1>
    <form method="post" action="{% url 'login' %}">
        {% csrf_token %}
        <label for="username">Username:</label>
        <input type="text" id="username" name="username" required><br><br>
        <label for="password">Password:</label>
        <input type="password" id="password" name="password" required><br><br>
        <button type="submit">Login</button>
    </form>
    <p>Don't have an account? <a href="{% url 'register' %}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >Register here</a>.</p>
</body>
</html>