Python3访问MySQL数据库的实现步骤

2024-11-17 11:23:49 作者：HBLOG

要实现一个简单的IM（即时通讯）系统,支持用户注册、登录和聊天记录存储,你可以使用Python和mysql数据库,以下是一个基本的实现步骤,并通过代码示例讲解的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考下

前言

要实现一个简单的IM（即时通讯）系统，支持用户注册、登录和聊天记录存储，你可以使用Python和mysql数据库。以下是一个基本的实现示例：要使用MySQL创建表并通过Python提供一个API服务，你可以使用Flask框架来实现API服务，并使用PyMySQL库来连接MySQL数据库。以下是一个基本的实现步骤：

1. 安装所需库

首先，确保你安装了Flask和PyMySQL库：

pip install flask pymysql

2. MySQL数据库设置

docker run --hostname=a5ddc3708f2e --env=MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --env=MYSQL_DATABASE=jwordpress --env=TZ=Asia/Shanghai --env=LANG=en_US.UTF-8 --env=PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin --env=GOSU_VERSION=1.7 --env=MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7 --env=MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.26-1debian9 --volume=D:\IdeaProjects\Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904\docker\mysql\my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf:rw --volume=D:\IdeaProjects\Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904\docker\mysql\init-file.sql:/etc/mysql/init-file.sql:rw --volume=D:\IdeaProjects\Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904\docker\mysql\data:/var/lib/mysql:rw --volume=D:\IdeaProjects\Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904\docker\mysql\docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:rw --volume=/var/lib/mysql --network=docker_default -p 3306:3306 --restart=unless-stopped --label='com.docker.compose.config-hash=f33622a4d32e092d39a39c3dc0bd2259df09b24ad897567bcaa7f7fa0630b019' --label='com.docker.compose.container-number=1' --label='com.docker.compose.depends_on=' --label='com.docker.compose.image=sha256:a1aa4f76fab910095dfcf4011f32fbe7acdb84c46bb685a8cf0a75e7d0da8f6b' --label='com.docker.compose.oneoff=False' --label='com.docker.compose.project=docker' --label='com.docker.compose.project.config_files=D:\IdeaProjects\Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904\docker\docker-compose.yml' --label='com.docker.compose.project.working_dir=D:\IdeaProjects\Jwordpress-parent-s02-81f3dea303558f4388ef39435a52ea1cfab22904\docker' --label='com.docker.compose.service=mysql' --label='com.docker.compose.version=2.21.0' --runtime=runc -d registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhengqing/mysql:5.7

假设你已经在MySQL中创建了一个数据库，接下来创建用户和消息表。

CREATE DATABASE chat_db;

USE chat_db;

CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    username VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
    password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE messages (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    sender VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    receiver VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    message TEXT NOT NULL,
    timestamp DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

3. 创建Flask API服务

一个简单的Flask应用，提供注册、登录和发送消息的API。详见main.py

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
import pymysql
import bcrypt

app = Flask(__name__)

# Database connection configuration
db_config = {
    'host': 'localhost',
    'user': 'root',
    'password': '123456',
    'database': 'chat_db'
}


def get_db_connection():
    return pymysql.connect(**db_config)


@app.route('/register', methods=['POST'])
def register():
    data = request.json
    username = data['username']
    password = data['password']

    hashed = bcrypt.hashpw(password.encode('utf-8'), bcrypt.gensalt())

    conn = get_db_connection()
    cursor = conn.cursor()

    try:
        cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES (%s, %s)", (username, hashed))
        conn.commit()
        return jsonify({'message': 'Registration successful!'}), 201
    except pymysql.IntegrityError:
        return jsonify({'message': 'Username already exists!'}), 400
    finally:
        cursor.close()
        conn.close()


@app.route('/login', methods=['POST'])
def login():
    data = request.json
    username = data['username']
    password = data['password']

    conn = get_db_connection()
    cursor = conn.cursor()

    try:
        cursor.execute("SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = %s", (username,))
        result = cursor.fetchone()

        if result and bcrypt.checkpw(password.encode('utf-8'), result[0].encode('utf-8')):
            return jsonify({'message': 'Login successful!'}), 200
        else:
            return jsonify({'message': 'Incorrect username or password!'}), 401
    finally:
        cursor.close()
        conn.close()


@app.route('/send_message', methods=['POST'])
def send_message():
    data = request.json
    sender = data['sender']
    receiver = data['receiver']
    message = data['message']

    conn = get_db_connection()
    cursor = conn.cursor()

    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO messages (sender, receiver, message) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)", (sender, receiver, message))
    conn.commit()
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()

    return jsonify({'message': 'Message sent successfully!'}), 201


@app.route('/get_messages', methods=['GET'])
def get_messages():
    user1 = request.args.get('user1')
    user2 = request.args.get('user2')

    conn = get_db_connection()
    cursor = conn.cursor()

    cursor.execute('''SELECT sender, receiver, message, timestamp FROM messages 
                      WHERE (sender = %s AND receiver = %s) OR (sender = %s AND receiver = %s)
                      ORDER BY timestamp''', (user1, user2, user2, user1))

    messages = cursor.fetchall()
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()

    return jsonify(messages), 200


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

4. 运行API服务

将上述代码保存为一个Python文件（例如main.py），然后运行：

python main.py

这将启动一个Flask开发服务器，你可以通过POST请求来注册和登录用户，通过GET请求来获取聊天记录。

5. 测试

post http://127.0.0.1:5000/register

{
    "username": "alice",
    "password": "password123"
}

post http://127.0.0.1:5000/register

{
    "username": "bob",
    "password": "password123"
}

post http://127.0.0.1:5000/send_message

{
    "sender": "alice",
    "receiver": "bob",
    "message": "Hello Bob!"
}

get http://127.0.0.1:5000/get_messages?user1=alice&user2=bob

[    [        "alice",        "bob",        "Hello Bob!",        "Fri, 15 Nov 2024 16:06:33 GMT"    ]
]

请注意，这个示例是一个基本实现，适用于学习和测试。在生产环境中，你需要考虑更多的安全性和性能优化，例如使用HTTPS、添加身份验证令牌等。

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