使用Python和XML实现文件复制工具的完整代码
作者：winfredzhang
在本篇博客中,我们将学习如何使用 wxPython 构建一个简单的文件复制工具,并将文件路径和目标目录的配置信息保存到 XML 文件中,通过这种方式,我们可以在下次运行程序时轻松加载之前保存的配置,需要的朋友可以参考下
引言
在本篇博客中，我们将学习如何使用 wxPython 构建一个简单的文件复制工具，并将文件路径和目标目录的配置信息保存到 XML 文件中。通过这种方式，我们可以在下次运行程序时轻松加载之前保存的配置。
C:\pythoncode\new\preparitowork.py
全部代码
import wx
import os
import shutil
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
class FileCopyApp(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, title):
super(FileCopyApp, self).__init__(parent, title=title, size=(600, 500))
self.config_file = 'file_copy_config.xml'
panel = wx.Panel(self)
vbox = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
self.load_saved_configs()
self.saved_configs = wx.ComboBox(panel, choices=list(self.configs.keys()))
self.saved_configs.Bind(wx.EVT_COMBOBOX, self.on_load_config)
vbox.Add(self.saved_configs, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, border=10)
self.listbox = wx.ListBox(panel)
vbox.Add(self.listbox, proportion=1, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, border=10)
hbox1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
self.add_button = wx.Button(panel, label='Add Files')
self.remove_button = wx.Button(panel, label='Remove Selected')
hbox1.Add(self.add_button, flag=wx.RIGHT, border=10)
hbox1.Add(self.remove_button)
vbox.Add(hbox1, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.BOTTOM, border=10)
hbox2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
self.path_text = wx.TextCtrl(panel)
self.browse_button = wx.Button(panel, label='Browse')
self.copy_button = wx.Button(panel, label='Copy Files')
hbox2.Add(self.path_text, proportion=1)
hbox2.Add(self.browse_button, flag=wx.LEFT, border=10)
hbox2.Add(self.copy_button, flag=wx.LEFT, border=10)
vbox.Add(hbox2, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, border=10)
hbox3 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
self.config_name_text = wx.TextCtrl(panel)
self.save_config_button = wx.Button(panel, label='Save Configuration')
hbox3.Add(self.config_name_text, proportion=1)
hbox3.Add(self.save_config_button, flag=wx.LEFT, border=10)
vbox.Add(hbox3, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, border=10)
panel.SetSizer(vbox)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_add_files, self.add_button)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_remove_selected, self.remove_button)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_browse, self.browse_button)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_copy_files, self.copy_button)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_save_config, self.save_config_button)
self.Centre()
self.Show(True)
def on_add_files(self, event):
with wx.FileDialog(self, "Open file(s)", wildcard="All files (*.*)|*.*",
style=wx.FD_OPEN | wx.FD_FILE_MUST_EXIST | wx.FD_MULTIPLE) as fileDialog:
if fileDialog.ShowModal() == wx.ID_CANCEL:
return
paths = fileDialog.GetPaths()
for path in paths:
self.listbox.Append(path)
def on_remove_selected(self, event):
selections = self.listbox.GetSelections()
for index in reversed(selections):
self.listbox.Delete(index)
def on_browse(self, event):
with wx.DirDialog(self, "Choose a directory", style=wx.DD_DEFAULT_STYLE) as dirDialog:
if dirDialog.ShowModal() == wx.ID_CANCEL:
return
self.path_text.SetValue(dirDialog.GetPath())
def on_copy_files(self, event):
target_dir = self.path_text.GetValue()
if not os.path.isdir(target_dir):
wx.MessageBox('Please select a valid directory', 'Error', wx.OK | wx.ICON_ERROR)
return
for i in range(self.listbox.GetCount()):
file_path = self.listbox.GetString(i)
if os.path.isfile(file_path):
shutil.copy(file_path, target_dir)
wx.MessageBox('Files copied successfully', 'Info', wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
def on_save_config(self, event):
config_name = self.config_name_text.GetValue().strip()
if not config_name:
wx.MessageBox('Please enter a name for the configuration', 'Error', wx.OK | wx.ICON_ERROR)
return
file_paths = [self.listbox.GetString(i) for i in range(self.listbox.GetCount())]
target_dir = self.path_text.GetValue()
self.configs[config_name] = {'files': file_paths, 'target_dir': target_dir}
self.save_configs_to_xml()
self.saved_configs.Append(config_name)
wx.MessageBox('Configuration saved successfully', 'Info', wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
def on_load_config(self, event):
config_name = self.saved_configs.GetValue()
config = self.configs.get(config_name)
if config:
self.listbox.Clear()
for file_path in config['files']:
self.listbox.Append(file_path)
self.path_text.SetValue(config['target_dir'])
def load_saved_configs(self):
self.configs = {}
if os.path.exists(self.config_file):
tree = ET.parse(self.config_file)
root = tree.getroot()
for config in root.findall('config'):
name = config.get('name')
files = [file.text for file in config.findall('file')]
target_dir = config.find('target_dir').text
self.configs[name] = {'files': files, 'target_dir': target_dir}
def save_configs_to_xml(self):
root = ET.Element('configs')
for name, data in self.configs.items():
config_elem = ET.SubElement(root, 'config', name=name)
for file_path in data['files']:
file_elem = ET.SubElement(config_elem, 'file')
file_elem.text = file_path
target_dir_elem = ET.SubElement(config_elem, 'target_dir')
target_dir_elem.text = data['target_dir']
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write(self.config_file)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = wx.App()
FileCopyApp(None, title='File Copier')
app.MainLoop()
1. 安装必要的模块
首先，我们需要安装 wxPython 和 lxml 模块。你可以使用以下命令安装这些模块：
pip install wxPython lxml
2. 创建主界面
我们将创建一个 wxPython 应用程序，包含以下几个组件：
ListBox用于显示文件路径。- 按钮用于添加和移除文件。
- 文本框和按钮用于选择目标目录。
- 文本框和按钮用于保存和加载配置。
import wx
import os
import shutil
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
class FileCopyApp(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, title):
super(FileCopyApp, self).__init__(parent, title=title, size=(600, 500))
self.config_file = 'file_copy_config.xml'
panel = wx.Panel(self)
vbox = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
self.load_saved_configs()
self.saved_configs = wx.ComboBox(panel, choices=list(self.configs.keys()))
self.saved_configs.Bind(wx.EVT_COMBOBOX, self.on_load_config)
vbox.Add(self.saved_configs, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, border=10)
self.listbox = wx.ListBox(panel)
vbox.Add(self.listbox, proportion=1, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, border=10)
hbox1 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
self.add_button = wx.Button(panel, label='Add Files')
self.remove_button = wx.Button(panel, label='Remove Selected')
hbox1.Add(self.add_button, flag=wx.RIGHT, border=10)
hbox1.Add(self.remove_button)
vbox.Add(hbox1, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.BOTTOM, border=10)
hbox2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
self.path_text = wx.TextCtrl(panel)
self.browse_button = wx.Button(panel, label='Browse')
self.copy_button = wx.Button(panel, label='Copy Files')
hbox2.Add(self.path_text, proportion=1)
hbox2.Add(self.browse_button, flag=wx.LEFT, border=10)
hbox2.Add(self.copy_button, flag=wx.LEFT, border=10)
vbox.Add(hbox2, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, border=10)
hbox3 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
self.config_name_text = wx.TextCtrl(panel)
self.save_config_button = wx.Button(panel, label='Save Configuration')
hbox3.Add(self.config_name_text, proportion=1)
hbox3.Add(self.save_config_button, flag=wx.LEFT, border=10)
vbox.Add(hbox3, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, border=10)
panel.SetSizer(vbox)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_add_files, self.add_button)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_remove_selected, self.remove_button)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_browse, self.browse_button)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_copy_files, self.copy_button)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_save_config, self.save_config_button)
self.Centre()
self.Show(True)
3. 实现功能
我们需要实现以下功能：
- 添加文件路径到
ListBox。 - 移除选定的文件路径。
- 选择目标目录。
- 复制文件到目标目录。
- 保存和加载配置。
def on_add_files(self, event):
with wx.FileDialog(self, "Open file(s)", wildcard="All files (*.*)|*.*",
style=wx.FD_OPEN | wx.FD_FILE_MUST_EXIST | wx.FD_MULTIPLE) as fileDialog:
if fileDialog.ShowModal() == wx.ID_CANCEL:
return
paths = fileDialog.GetPaths()
for path in paths:
self.listbox.Append(path)
def on_remove_selected(self, event):
selections = self.listbox.GetSelections()
for index in reversed(selections):
self.listbox.Delete(index)
def on_browse(self, event):
with wx.DirDialog(self, "Choose a directory", style=wx.DD_DEFAULT_STYLE) as dirDialog:
if dirDialog.ShowModal() == wx.ID_CANCEL:
return
self.path_text.SetValue(dirDialog.GetPath())
def on_copy_files(self, event):
target_dir = self.path_text.GetValue()
if not os.path.isdir(target_dir):
wx.MessageBox('Please select a valid directory', 'Error', wx.OK | wx.ICON_ERROR)
return
for i in range(self.listbox.GetCount()):
file_path = self.listbox.GetString(i)
if os.path.isfile(file_path):
shutil.copy(file_path, target_dir)
wx.MessageBox('Files copied successfully', 'Info', wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
4. 保存和加载配置
我们使用 XML 文件保存和加载配置。每个配置包括一个名称、文件路径列表和目标目录。
def on_save_config(self, event):
config_name = self.config_name_text.GetValue().strip()
if not config_name:
wx.MessageBox('Please enter a name for the configuration', 'Error', wx.OK | wx.ICON_ERROR)
return
file_paths = [self.listbox.GetString(i) for i in range(self.listbox.GetCount())]
target_dir = self.path_text.GetValue()
self.configs[config_name] = {'files': file_paths, 'target_dir': target_dir}
self.save_configs_to_xml()
self.saved_configs.Append(config_name)
wx.MessageBox('Configuration saved successfully', 'Info', wx.OK | wx.ICON_INFORMATION)
def on_load_config(self, event):
config_name = self.saved_configs.GetValue()
config = self.configs.get(config_name)
if config:
self.listbox.Clear()
for file_path in config['files']:
self.listbox.Append(file_path)
self.path_text.SetValue(config['target_dir'])
def load_saved_configs(self):
self.configs = {}
if os.path.exists(self.config_file):
tree = ET.parse(self.config_file)
root = tree.getroot()
for config in root.findall('config'):
name = config.get('name')
files = [file.text for file in config.findall('file')]
target_dir = config.find('target_dir').text
self.configs[name] = {'files': files, 'target_dir': target_dir}
def save_configs_to_xml(self):
root = ET.Element('configs')
for name, data in self.configs.items():
config_elem = ET.SubElement(root, 'config', name=name)
for file_path in data['files']:
file_elem = ET.SubElement(config_elem, 'file')
file_elem.text = file_path
target_dir_elem = ET.SubElement(config_elem, 'target_dir')
target_dir_elem.text = data['target_dir']
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write(self.config_file)
5. 运行程序
最后，运行程序：
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = wx.App()
FileCopyApp(None, title='File Copier')
app.MainLoop()
结果如下
总结
通过这篇博客，我们学习了如何使用 wxPython 构建一个简单的文件复制工具，并将文件路径和目标目录的配置信息保存到 XML 文件中。我们可以轻松加载和保存配置，使得下次运行程序时可以快速恢复之前的设置。这是一个实用的小工具，可以帮助我们更高效地管理文件复制任务。希望你能从中学到一些有用的技巧，并应用到自己的项目中。
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