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Pandas中Dataframe合并的实现

作者:Finger_ebic

本文主要介绍了如何使用Pandas来合并Series和Dataframe,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧

简介

Pandas提供了很多合并Series和Dataframe的强大的功能,通过这些功能可以方便的进行数据分析。本文将会详细讲解如何使用Pandas来合并Series和Dataframe。

使用concat

concat是最常用的合并DF的方法,先看下concat的定义:

pd.concat(objs, axis=0, join='outer', ignore_index=False, keys=None,
          levels=None, names=None, verify_integrity=False, copy=True)

看一下我们经常会用到的几个参数:

我们先定义几个DF,然后看一下怎么使用concat把这几个DF连接起来:

In [1]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
   ...:                     'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3'],
   ...:                     'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
   ...:                     'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']},
   ...:                    index=[0, 1, 2, 3])
   ...: 

In [2]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A4', 'A5', 'A6', 'A7'],
   ...:                     'B': ['B4', 'B5', 'B6', 'B7'],
   ...:                     'C': ['C4', 'C5', 'C6', 'C7'],
   ...:                     'D': ['D4', 'D5', 'D6', 'D7']},
   ...:                    index=[4, 5, 6, 7])
   ...: 

In [3]: df3 = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A8', 'A9', 'A10', 'A11'],
   ...:                     'B': ['B8', 'B9', 'B10', 'B11'],
   ...:                     'C': ['C8', 'C9', 'C10', 'C11'],
   ...:                     'D': ['D8', 'D9', 'D10', 'D11']},
   ...:                    index=[8, 9, 10, 11])
   ...: 

In [4]: frames = [df1, df2, df3]

In [5]: result = pd.concat(frames)

df1,df2,df3定义了同样的列名和不同的index,然后将他们放在frames中构成了一个DF的list,将其作为参数传入concat就可以进行DF的合并。

img

举个多层级的例子:

In [6]: result = pd.concat(frames, keys=['x', 'y', 'z'])

img

使用keys可以指定frames中不同frames的key。

使用的时候,我们可以通过选择外部的key来返回特定的frame:

In [7]: result.loc['y']
Out[7]: 
    A   B   C   D
4  A4  B4  C4  D4
5  A5  B5  C5  D5
6  A6  B6  C6  D6
7  A7  B7  C7  D7

上面的例子连接的轴默认是0,也就是按行来进行连接,下面我们来看一个例子按列来进行连接,如果要按列来连接,可以指定axis=1:

In [8]: df4 = pd.DataFrame({'B': ['B2', 'B3', 'B6', 'B7'],
   ...:                     'D': ['D2', 'D3', 'D6', 'D7'],
   ...:                     'F': ['F2', 'F3', 'F6', 'F7']},
   ...:                    index=[2, 3, 6, 7])
   ...: 

In [9]: result = pd.concat([df1, df4], axis=1, sort=False)

img

默认的 join='outer',合并之后index不存在的地方会补全为NaN。

下面看一个join='inner’的情况:

In [10]: result = pd.concat([df1, df4], axis=1, join='inner')

img

join=‘inner’ 只会选择index相同的进行展示。

如果合并之后,我们只想保存原来frame的index相关的数据,那么可以使用reindex:

In [11]: result = pd.concat([df1, df4], axis=1).reindex(df1.index)

或者这样:

In [12]: pd.concat([df1, df4.reindex(df1.index)], axis=1)
Out[12]: 
    A   B   C   D    B    D    F
0  A0  B0  C0  D0  NaN  NaN  NaN
1  A1  B1  C1  D1  NaN  NaN  NaN
2  A2  B2  C2  D2   B2   D2   F2
3  A3  B3  C3  D3   B3   D3   F3

看下结果:

img

可以合并DF和Series:

In [18]: s1 = pd.Series(['X0', 'X1', 'X2', 'X3'], name='X')

In [19]: result = pd.concat([df1, s1], axis=1)

img

如果是多个Series,使用concat可以指定列名:

In [23]: s3 = pd.Series([0, 1, 2, 3], name='foo')

In [24]: s4 = pd.Series([0, 1, 2, 3])

In [25]: s5 = pd.Series([0, 1, 4, 5])
In [27]: pd.concat([s3, s4, s5], axis=1, keys=['red', 'blue', 'yellow'])
Out[27]: 
   red  blue  yellow
0    0     0       0
1    1     1       1
2    2     2       4
3    3     3       5

使用append

append可以看做是concat的简化版本,它沿着axis=0 进行concat:

In [13]: result = df1.append(df2)

img

如果append的两个 DF的列是不一样的会自动补全NaN:

In [14]: result = df1.append(df4, sort=False)

img

如果设置ignore_index=True,可以忽略原来的index,并重写分配index:

In [17]: result = df1.append(df4, ignore_index=True, sort=False)

img

向DF append一个Series:

In [35]: s2 = pd.Series(['X0', 'X1', 'X2', 'X3'], index=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])

In [36]: result = df1.append(s2, ignore_index=True)

img

使用merge

和DF最类似的就是数据库的表格,可以使用merge来进行类似数据库操作的DF合并操作。

先看下merge的定义:

pd.merge(left, right, how='inner', on=None, left_on=None, right_on=None,
         left_index=False, right_index=False, sort=True,
         suffixes=('_x', '_y'), copy=True, indicator=False,
         validate=None)

Left, right是要合并的两个DF 或者 Series。

on代表的是join的列或者index名。

how:连接的方式,'left''right''outer''inner'. 默认 inner.

先看一个简单merge的例子:

In [39]: left = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3'],
   ....:                      'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
   ....:                      'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})
   ....: 

In [40]: right = pd.DataFrame({'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K3'],
   ....:                       'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
   ....:                       'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})
   ....: 

In [41]: result = pd.merge(left, right, on='key')

img

上面两个DF通过key来进行连接。

再看一个多个key连接的例子:

In [42]: left = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K0', 'K1', 'K2'],
   ....:                      'key2': ['K0', 'K1', 'K0', 'K1'],
   ....:                      'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
   ....:                      'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3']})
   ....: 

In [43]: right = pd.DataFrame({'key1': ['K0', 'K1', 'K1', 'K2'],
   ....:                       'key2': ['K0', 'K0', 'K0', 'K0'],
   ....:                       'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
   ....:                       'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']})
   ....: 

In [44]: result = pd.merge(left, right, on=['key1', 'key2'])

img

How 可以指定merge方式,和数据库一样,可以指定是内连接,外连接等:

合并方法SQL 方法
leftLEFT OUTER JOIN
rightRIGHT OUTER JOIN
outerFULL OUTER JOIN
innerINNER JOIN
In [45]: result = pd.merge(left, right, how='left', on=['key1', 'key2'])

img

指定indicator=True ,可以表示具体行的连接方式:

In [60]: df1 = pd.DataFrame({'col1': [0, 1], 'col_left': ['a', 'b']})

In [61]: df2 = pd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2, 2], 'col_right': [2, 2, 2]})

In [62]: pd.merge(df1, df2, on='col1', how='outer', indicator=True)
Out[62]: 
   col1 col_left  col_right      _merge
0     0        a        NaN   left_only
1     1        b        2.0        both
2     2      NaN        2.0  right_only
3     2      NaN        2.0  right_only

如果传入字符串给indicator,会重命名indicator这一列的名字:

In [63]: pd.merge(df1, df2, on='col1', how='outer', indicator='indicator_column')
Out[63]: 
   col1 col_left  col_right indicator_column
0     0        a        NaN        left_only
1     1        b        2.0             both
2     2      NaN        2.0       right_only
3     2      NaN        2.0       right_only

多个index进行合并:

In [112]: leftindex = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([('K0', 'X0'), ('K0', 'X1'),
   .....:                                        ('K1', 'X2')],
   .....:                                       names=['key', 'X'])
   .....: 

In [113]: left = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2'],
   .....:                      'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2']},
   .....:                     index=leftindex)
   .....: 

In [114]: rightindex = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([('K0', 'Y0'), ('K1', 'Y1'),
   .....:                                         ('K2', 'Y2'), ('K2', 'Y3')],
   .....:                                        names=['key', 'Y'])
   .....: 

In [115]: right = pd.DataFrame({'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
   .....:                       'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']},
   .....:                      index=rightindex)
   .....: 

In [116]: result = pd.merge(left.reset_index(), right.reset_index(),
   .....:                   on=['key'], how='inner').set_index(['key', 'X', 'Y'])

img

支持多个列的合并:

In [117]: left_index = pd.Index(['K0', 'K0', 'K1', 'K2'], name='key1')

In [118]: left = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
   .....:                      'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3'],
   .....:                      'key2': ['K0', 'K1', 'K0', 'K1']},
   .....:                     index=left_index)
   .....: 

In [119]: right_index = pd.Index(['K0', 'K1', 'K2', 'K2'], name='key1')

In [120]: right = pd.DataFrame({'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
   .....:                       'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3'],
   .....:                       'key2': ['K0', 'K0', 'K0', 'K1']},
   .....:                      index=right_index)
   .....: 

In [121]: result = left.merge(right, on=['key1', 'key2'])

img

使用join

join将两个不同index的DF合并成一个。可以看做是merge的简写。

In [84]: left = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2'],
   ....:                      'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2']},
   ....:                     index=['K0', 'K1', 'K2'])
   ....: 

In [85]: right = pd.DataFrame({'C': ['C0', 'C2', 'C3'],
   ....:                       'D': ['D0', 'D2', 'D3']},
   ....:                      index=['K0', 'K2', 'K3'])
   ....: 

In [86]: result = left.join(right)

img

可以指定how来指定连接方式:

In [87]: result = left.join(right, how='outer')

img

默认join是按index来进行连接。

还可以按照列来进行连接:

In [91]: left = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2', 'A3'],
   ....:                      'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2', 'B3'],
   ....:                      'key': ['K0', 'K1', 'K0', 'K1']})
   ....: 

In [92]: right = pd.DataFrame({'C': ['C0', 'C1'],
   ....:                       'D': ['D0', 'D1']},
   ....:                      index=['K0', 'K1'])
   ....: 

In [93]: result = left.join(right, on='key')

img

单个index和多个index进行join:

In [100]: left = pd.DataFrame({'A': ['A0', 'A1', 'A2'],
   .....:                      'B': ['B0', 'B1', 'B2']},
   .....:                      index=pd.Index(['K0', 'K1', 'K2'], name='key'))
   .....: 

In [101]: index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([('K0', 'Y0'), ('K1', 'Y1'),
   .....:                                   ('K2', 'Y2'), ('K2', 'Y3')],
   .....:                                    names=['key', 'Y'])
   .....: 

In [102]: right = pd.DataFrame({'C': ['C0', 'C1', 'C2', 'C3'],
   .....:                       'D': ['D0', 'D1', 'D2', 'D3']},
   .....:                       index=index)
   .....: 

In [103]: result = left.join(right, how='inner')

img

列名重复的情况:

In [122]: left = pd.DataFrame({'k': ['K0', 'K1', 'K2'], 'v': [1, 2, 3]})

In [123]: right = pd.DataFrame({'k': ['K0', 'K0', 'K3'], 'v': [4, 5, 6]})

In [124]: result = pd.merge(left, right, on='k')

img

可以自定义重复列名的命名规则:

In [125]: result = pd.merge(left, right, on='k', suffixes=('_l', '_r'))

img

覆盖数据

有时候我们需要使用DF2的数据来填充DF1的数据,这时候可以使用combine_first:

In [131]: df1 = pd.DataFrame([[np.nan, 3., 5.], [-4.6, np.nan, np.nan],
   .....:                    [np.nan, 7., np.nan]])
   .....: 

In [132]: df2 = pd.DataFrame([[-42.6, np.nan, -8.2], [-5., 1.6, 4]],
   .....:                    index=[1, 2])
   .....: 
In [133]: result = df1.combine_first(df2)

img

或者使用update:

In [134]: df1.update(df2)

到此这篇关于Pandas中Dataframe合并的实现的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Pandas Dataframe合并内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家! 

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