一步一步教你用Python pyglet仿制鸿蒙系统里的时钟
作者：Hann Yang
pyglet是一个面向Python的跨平台窗口、多媒体库,它可以用于创建游戏和多媒体应用程序,下面这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于如何一步一步教你用Python pyglet仿制鸿蒙系统里的时钟,需要的朋友可以参考下
鸿蒙时钟
本篇将用python pyglet库复刻华为手机鸿蒙系统闹钟程序的时钟，先在上图中抓取出时分秒针及刻度、表盘的颜色RGB值：
bHour = (42, 43, 48, 255)
bMinute = (70, 71, 75, 255)
rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
gScale = 215, 220, 230
wBackground = 248, 250, 252
1. 绘制圆盘
首先要画一圆Circle，并用直线Line等分成60份。
self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R, color=wBackground, batch=batch)
self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*cos(i*Pi/30), y+R*sin(i*Pi/30),
width=2, color=gScales, batch=batch) for i in range(60)]直线除圆心外的另一端点的坐标计算公式，如下图所示：
代码：
import pyglet
from math import pi, sin, cos
window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 500, caption='圆盘')
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
R = 200
wBackground = 248, 250, 252
gScales = 215, 220, 230
class Watch:
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R, color=wBackground, batch=batch)
self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
width=2, color=gScales, batch=batch) for i in range(60)]
@window.event
def on_draw():
window.clear()
batch.draw()
watch = Watch(window.width/2, window.height/2)
pyglet.app.run()2. 创建表类
改造这个Watch类，可设置圆心和半径，并让它成为pyglet.window.Window的子类。
import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):
def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='圆盘'):
super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R,
color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
width=2, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.batch.draw()
def run(self):
pyglet.app.run()
watch = Watch(500, 300, 150)
watch.run()3. 绘制刻度
扩大圆面并缩短和加粗直线，表盘和刻度的大致轮廓就出现了。
代码：
import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):
def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='刻度'):
super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05,
color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
for i, scale in enumerate(self.scales):
if i%5==0:
scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.batch.draw()
def run(self):
pyglet.app.run()
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()4. 刻度数值
在整点的刻度值边上用标签标注上1~12的数字。
self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=24, color=(0,0,0,255),
x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)+5, anchor_x='center',
anchor_y='center', batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]
代码：
import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):
def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='指针'):
super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05, color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
for i,scale in enumerate(self.scales):
if i%5==0:
scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=R*0.12, color=(0,0,0,255),
x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)-R*0.06, anchor_x='center',
batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.batch.draw()
def run(self):
pyglet.app.run()
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()5. 添加指针
时、分、秒针，用三个圆三条直线来表示。
self.circle1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.08, color=bHour)
self.hour = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.7, y, width=9, color=bHour)
self.minute = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.9, y, width=7, color=bMinute)
self.second = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*1.1, y, width=5, color=rSecond)
self.circle2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.05, color=rSecond)
self.circle3 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.02, color=wWhite)不用担心秒针长过表盘圆面，转动前会作“移动”处理。
代码：
import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
bMinute = (70, 71, 75, 255)
bHour = (42, 43, 48, 255)
wWhite = (255, 255, 255, 255)
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):
def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='指针'):
super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05, color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
for i,scale in enumerate(self.scales):
if i%5==0:
scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=R*0.12, color=(0,0,0,255),
x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)-R*0.06, anchor_x='center',
batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]
self.circle1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.08, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
self.hour = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.7, y, width=9, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
self.minute = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.9, y, width=7, color=bMinute, batch=self.batch)
self.second = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*1.1, y, width=5, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
self.circle2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.05, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
self.circle3 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.02, color=wWhite, batch=self.batch)
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.batch.draw()
def run(self):
pyglet.app.run()
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()
6. 转动指针
时、分、秒针的转动运用Line控件的旋转属性.rotation，这种方法要比修改端点坐标要方便。
默认的旋转中心是直线的左端点，属性.anchor_position可以修改中心坐标。
self.second.anchor_position = (R*0.1, 0)
self.second.rotation = 210
self.minute.rotation = 24
self.hour.rotation = 160
代码：
import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
bMinute = (70, 71, 75, 255)
bHour = (42, 43, 48, 255)
wWhite = (255, 255, 255, 255)
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):
def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='指针'):
super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05, color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
for i,scale in enumerate(self.scales):
if i%5==0:
scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=R*0.12, color=(0,0,0,255),
x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)-R*0.06, anchor_x='center',
batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]
self.circle1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.08, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
self.hour = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.7, y, width=9, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
self.minute = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.9, y, width=7, color=bMinute, batch=self.batch)
self.second = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*1.1, y, width=5, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
self.circle2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.05, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
self.circle3 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.02, color=wWhite, batch=self.batch)
self.second.anchor_position = (R*0.1, 0)
self.second.rotation = 210
self.minute.rotation = 24
self.hour.rotation = 160
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.batch.draw()
def run(self):
pyglet.app.run()
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()7. 联动时间
联动系统时钟，使用datetime.now()获取当前时间的时、分、秒的值。
now = datetime.now()
h, m, s = now.hour, now.minute, now.second
self.second.rotation = -90 + s*6
self.minute.rotation = -90 + m*6 + s/10
self.hour.rotation = -90 + h%12*30 + m/2
代码：
import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
from datetime import datetime
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
bMinute = (70, 71, 75, 255)
bHour = (42, 43, 48, 255)
wWhite = (255, 255, 255, 255)
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):
def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='指针'):
super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05, color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
for i,scale in enumerate(self.scales):
if i%5==0:
scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=R*0.12, color=(0,0,0,255),
x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)-R*0.06, anchor_x='center',
batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]
self.circle1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.08, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
self.hour = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.7, y, width=9, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
self.minute = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.9, y, width=7, color=bMinute, batch=self.batch)
self.second = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*1.1, y, width=5, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
self.circle2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.05, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
self.circle3 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.02, color=wWhite, batch=self.batch)
self.second.anchor_position = (R*0.1, 0)
self.update()
def update(self):
now = datetime.now()
h, m, s = now.hour, now.minute, now.second
self.second.rotation = -90 + s*6
self.minute.rotation = -90 + m*6 + s/10
self.hour.rotation = -90 + h%12*30 + m/2
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.batch.draw()
def run(self):
pyglet.app.run()
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()8. 运行时钟
使用pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(self.update, 0.2)每秒更新5次。
总得来说，本次复刻比较完美，但直线控件在非水平或垂直状态，特别是小夹角时锯齿很严重。
完整代码：
import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
from datetime import datetime
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):
def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='时钟'):
super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
bMinute = (70, 71, 75, 255)
bHour = (42, 43, 48, 255)
wWhite = (255, 255, 255, 255)
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05, color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
for i,scale in enumerate(self.scales):
if i%5==0:
scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=R*0.12, color=(0,0,0,255),
x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)-R*0.06, anchor_x='center',
batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]
self.circle1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.08, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
self.hour = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.7, y, width=9, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
self.minute = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.9, y, width=7, color=bMinute, batch=self.batch)
self.second = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*1.1, y, width=5, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
self.circle2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.05, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
self.circle3 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.02, color=wWhite, batch=self.batch)
self.second.anchor_position = (R*0.1, 0)
self.update(self.event)
pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(self.update, 0.2)
def update(self, event):
now = datetime.now()
h, m, s = now.hour, now.minute, now.second
self.second.rotation = -90 + s*6
self.minute.rotation = -90 + m*6 + s/10
self.hour.rotation = -90 + h%12*30 + m/2
def on_draw(self):
self.clear()
self.batch.draw()
def run(self):
pyglet.app.run()
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()完
总结
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