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一步一步教你用Python pyglet仿制鸿蒙系统里的时钟

作者:Hann Yang

pyglet是一个面向Python的跨平台窗口、多媒体库,它可以用于创建游戏和多媒体应用程序,下面这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于如何一步一步教你用Python pyglet仿制鸿蒙系统里的时钟,需要的朋友可以参考下

鸿蒙时钟

本篇将用python pyglet库复刻华为手机鸿蒙系统闹钟程序的时钟,先在上图中抓取出时分秒针及刻度、表盘的颜色RGB值:

bHour = (42, 43, 48, 255)
bMinute = (70, 71, 75, 255)
rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
gScale = 215, 220, 230
wBackground = 248, 250, 252

1. 绘制圆盘

首先要画一圆Circle,并用直线Line等分成60份。

        self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R, color=wBackground, batch=batch)
        self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*cos(i*Pi/30), y+R*sin(i*Pi/30),
                            width=2, color=gScales, batch=batch) for i in range(60)]

直线除圆心外的另一端点的坐标计算公式,如下图所示:

代码:

import pyglet
from math import pi, sin, cos
 
window = pyglet.window.Window(800, 500, caption='圆盘')
pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
 
R = 200
wBackground = 248, 250, 252
gScales = 215, 220, 230
 
class Watch:
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R, color=wBackground, batch=batch)
        self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
                            width=2, color=gScales, batch=batch) for i in range(60)]
 
@window.event
def on_draw():
    window.clear()
    batch.draw()
 
watch = Watch(window.width/2, window.height/2)
 
pyglet.app.run()

2. 创建表类

改造这个Watch类,可设置圆心和半径,并让它成为pyglet.window.Window的子类。

import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
 
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
 
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):  
    def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='圆盘'): 
        super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
        pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
        self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
        self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R,  
                        color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
        self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),  
                        width=2, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        self.batch.draw()
    def run(self):
        pyglet.app.run()
 
watch = Watch(500, 300, 150)
watch.run()

3. 绘制刻度

扩大圆面并缩短和加粗直线,表盘和刻度的大致轮廓就出现了。

代码: 

import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
 
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
 
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):  
    def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='刻度'): 
        super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
        pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
        self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
        self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05,  
                        color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
        self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
        for i, scale in enumerate(self.scales):
            if i%5==0:
                scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        self.batch.draw()
    def run(self):
        pyglet.app.run()
 
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()

4. 刻度数值

在整点的刻度值边上用标签标注上1~12的数字。

self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=24, color=(0,0,0,255),
                        x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)+5, anchor_x='center', 
                        anchor_y='center', batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]

代码:

import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
 
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
 
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):  
    def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='指针'): 
        super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
        pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
        self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
        self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05, color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
        self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
        for i,scale in enumerate(self.scales):
            if i%5==0:
                scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
        self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=R*0.12, color=(0,0,0,255),
                        x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)-R*0.06, anchor_x='center',
                        batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]
    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        self.batch.draw()
    def run(self):
        pyglet.app.run()
 
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()

5. 添加指针

时、分、秒针,用三个圆三条直线来表示。

        self.circle1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.08, color=bHour)
        self.hour = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.7, y, width=9, color=bHour)
        self.minute = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.9, y, width=7, color=bMinute)
        self.second = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*1.1, y, width=5, color=rSecond)
        self.circle2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.05, color=rSecond)
        self.circle3 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.02, color=wWhite)

不用担心秒针长过表盘圆面,转动前会作“移动”处理。

代码:

import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
 
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
bMinute = (70, 71, 75, 255)
bHour   = (42, 43, 48, 255)
wWhite  = (255, 255, 255, 255)
 
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):  
    def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='指针'): 
        super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
        pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
        self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
        self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05, color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
        self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
        for i,scale in enumerate(self.scales):
            if i%5==0:
                scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
        self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=R*0.12, color=(0,0,0,255),
                        x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)-R*0.06, anchor_x='center',
                        batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]
        self.circle1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.08, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
        self.hour = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.7, y, width=9, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
        self.minute = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.9, y, width=7, color=bMinute, batch=self.batch)
        self.second = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*1.1, y, width=5, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
        self.circle2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.05, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
        self.circle3 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.02, color=wWhite, batch=self.batch)
    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        self.batch.draw()
    def run(self):
        pyglet.app.run()
 
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()
 

6. 转动指针

时、分、秒针的转动运用Line控件的旋转属性.rotation,这种方法要比修改端点坐标要方便。

默认的旋转中心是直线的左端点,属性.anchor_position可以修改中心坐标。

        self.second.anchor_position = (R*0.1, 0)
        self.second.rotation = 210
        self.minute.rotation = 24
        self.hour.rotation = 160

代码:

import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
 
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
bMinute = (70, 71, 75, 255)
bHour   = (42, 43, 48, 255)
wWhite  = (255, 255, 255, 255)
 
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):  
    def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='指针'): 
        super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
        pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
        self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
        self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05, color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
        self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
        for i,scale in enumerate(self.scales):
            if i%5==0:
                scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
        self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=R*0.12, color=(0,0,0,255),
                        x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)-R*0.06, anchor_x='center',
                        batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]
        self.circle1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.08, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
        self.hour = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.7, y, width=9, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
        self.minute = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.9, y, width=7, color=bMinute, batch=self.batch)
        self.second = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*1.1, y, width=5, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
        self.circle2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.05, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
        self.circle3 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.02, color=wWhite, batch=self.batch)
        self.second.anchor_position = (R*0.1, 0)
        self.second.rotation = 210
        self.minute.rotation = 24
        self.hour.rotation = 160
    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        self.batch.draw()
    def run(self):
        pyglet.app.run()
 
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()

7. 联动时间

联动系统时钟,使用datetime.now()获取当前时间的时、分、秒的值。

        now = datetime.now()
        h, m, s = now.hour, now.minute, now.second
        self.second.rotation = -90 + s*6
        self.minute.rotation = -90 + m*6 + s/10
        self.hour.rotation = -90 + h%12*30 + m/2

代码:

import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
from datetime import datetime
 
wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
bMinute = (70, 71, 75, 255)
bHour   = (42, 43, 48, 255)
wWhite  = (255, 255, 255, 255)
 
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):  
    def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='指针'): 
        super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
        pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
        self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
        self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05, color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
        self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
        for i,scale in enumerate(self.scales):
            if i%5==0:
                scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
        self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=R*0.12, color=(0,0,0,255),
                        x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)-R*0.06, anchor_x='center',
                        batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]
        self.circle1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.08, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
        self.hour = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.7, y, width=9, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
        self.minute = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.9, y, width=7, color=bMinute, batch=self.batch)
        self.second = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*1.1, y, width=5, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
        self.circle2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.05, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
        self.circle3 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.02, color=wWhite, batch=self.batch)
        self.second.anchor_position = (R*0.1, 0)
        self.update()
    def update(self):
        now = datetime.now()
        h, m, s = now.hour, now.minute, now.second
        self.second.rotation = -90 + s*6
        self.minute.rotation = -90 + m*6 + s/10
        self.hour.rotation = -90 + h%12*30 + m/2
    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        self.batch.draw()
    def run(self):
        pyglet.app.run()
 
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()

8. 运行时钟

使用pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(self.update, 0.2)每秒更新5次。

总得来说,本次复刻比较完美,但直线控件在非水平或垂直状态,特别是小夹角时锯齿很严重。

完整代码:

import pyglet
from math import sin, cos, pi
from datetime import datetime
 
class Watch(pyglet.window.Window):  
    def __init__(self, x, y, R=200, width=800, height=500, caption='时钟'): 
        super().__init__(width, height, caption=caption)
        wBackground = (248, 250, 252, 255)
        gScales = (215, 220, 230, 255)
        rSecond = (240, 70, 20, 255)
        bMinute = (70, 71, 75, 255)
        bHour   = (42, 43, 48, 255)
        wWhite  = (255, 255, 255, 255)
        pyglet.gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
        self.batch = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
        self.circle = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*1.05, color=wBackground, batch=self.batch)
        self.scales = [pyglet.shapes.Line(x+R*cos(i*pi/30), y+R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        x+R*0.95*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.95*R*sin(i*pi/30),
                        width=3, color=gScales, batch=self.batch) for i in range(60)]
        for i,scale in enumerate(self.scales):
            if i%5==0:
                scale.width, scale.x2, scale.y2 = 5, x+R*0.92*cos(i*pi/30), y+0.92*R*sin(i*pi/30)
        self.labels = [pyglet.text.Label(str((2-i)%12+1), font_size=R*0.12, color=(0,0,0,255),
                        x=x+R*0.82*cos(i*pi/6), y=y+0.82*R*sin(i*pi/6)-R*0.06, anchor_x='center',
                        batch=self.batch) for i in range(12)]
        self.circle1 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.08, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
        self.hour = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.7, y, width=9, color=bHour, batch=self.batch)
        self.minute = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*0.9, y, width=7, color=bMinute, batch=self.batch)
        self.second = pyglet.shapes.Line(x, y, x+R*1.1, y, width=5, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
        self.circle2 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.05, color=rSecond, batch=self.batch)
        self.circle3 = pyglet.shapes.Circle(x, y, R*0.02, color=wWhite, batch=self.batch)
        self.second.anchor_position = (R*0.1, 0)
        self.update(self.event)
        pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(self.update, 0.2)
    def update(self, event):
        now = datetime.now()
        h, m, s = now.hour, now.minute, now.second
        self.second.rotation = -90 + s*6
        self.minute.rotation = -90 + m*6 + s/10
        self.hour.rotation = -90 + h%12*30 + m/2
    def on_draw(self):
        self.clear()
        self.batch.draw()
    def run(self):
        pyglet.app.run()
 
watch = Watch(400, 250)
watch.run()

总结

到此这篇关于一步一步教你用Python pyglet仿制鸿蒙系统里的时钟的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python pyglet仿鸿蒙的时钟内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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