使用Python绘制圣诞树教程详解(附源代码)
作者:艾派森
又是一年一度的圣诞节快到了,提到圣诞节,就不得不提圣诞树,所以本文我们将使用Python绘制一棵圣诞树,文中有详细的代码讲解,具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
又是一年一度的圣诞节快到了,作为程序猿那必须露一手,最终效果图如下:
1.turtle库
turtle(海龟)是Python重要的标准库之一,它能够进行基本的图形绘制,其概念诞生于1969年。turtle是最有价值的程序设计入门实践库,它是程序设计入门层面最常用的基本绘图库。
turtle的绘图原理:
- 有一只海龟处于画布正中心,由程序控制在画布上游走;
- 海龟走过的轨迹形成了绘制的图形
- 海龟由程序控制,可改变其大小,颜色等
2.实现步骤
(1)导入库
from turtle import * from random import * import math
(2)定义基本绘图方法
def Rightdraw(Range,Fd,Right): for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数 fd(Fd) # 向前Fd个距离 right(Right) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度 def Leftdraw(Range,Fd,Left): for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数 fd(Fd) # 向前Fd个距离 left(Left) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度 def changeMypos(x,y,range=heading(),Fd=0): penup() goto(x, y) seth(range) fd(Fd) pendown() def drawBranch(x,y,size=1): changeMypos(x,y) Leftdraw(6,3,9) seth(0) Rightdraw(6,3,9) seth(0) fd(6)
(3)画树身
# 树顶层 seth(-120) Rightdraw(10,12,2) changeMypos(0,185,-60) Leftdraw(10,12,2) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-150,10) # 第一层的波浪 for i in range(4): Rightdraw(5,7,15) seth(-150) penup() fd(2) pendown() # 二层 changeMypos(-55,70,-120) Rightdraw(10,8,5) changeMypos(50,73,-60) Leftdraw(10,8,5) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10) seth(-145) pendown() # 第二层的波浪 for i in range(5): Rightdraw(5,9,15) seth(-152.5) penup() fd(3) pendown() # 树三层 changeMypos(-100,0,-120) Rightdraw(10,6.5,4.5) changeMypos(80,0,-50) Leftdraw(10,6,3) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10) seth(-145) # 第三次的波浪 for i in range(6): Rightdraw(5,9,15) seth(-152) penup() fd(3) pendown() # 树四层 changeMypos(-120,-55,-130) Rightdraw(7,10,4) changeMypos(100,-55,-50) Leftdraw(7,10,5) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10) seth(-155) # 第四层的波浪 for i in range(7): Rightdraw(5,9,13) seth(-155) penup() fd(3) pendown() # 树根 changeMypos(-70,-120,-85) Leftdraw(3,8,3) changeMypos(70,-120,-95) Rightdraw(3,8,3) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-170,10) Rightdraw(10,12,2) # 画树枝 drawBranch(45,-80) drawBranch(-70,-25) drawBranch(-20,40)
(4)画装饰小物件
五角星
# 画五角星 def drawStar(x,y,Range,size): pensize(1) color("red","yellow") begin_fill() changeMypos(x,y,Range) for i in range(5): #画五角星 forward(10*size) right(144) #五角星的角度 forward(10*size) left(72) #继续换角度 end_fill() right(126)
雪花
# 绘制雪花 def drawSnow(): hideturtle() speed(0) pencolor("white") pensize(2) for i in range(80): # 雪花数量 changeMypos(randint(-248,248),randint(-100,248)) petalNumber = 6 # 雪花花瓣数为6 snowSize = int(randint(2,10)) for j in range(petalNumber): fd(snowSize) backward(snowSize) right(360/petalNumber)
圣诞袜子
# 圣诞袜子 def drawSock(x,y,range,size=1): # 绘制袜子的白边 pensize(1) changeMypos(x,y,range) color("black","white") begin_fill() fd(20*size) circle(3*size,180) fd(20*size) circle(3*size,180) end_fill() # 绘制袜子的下半部分 color("white","red") begin_fill() startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range)) starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range)) finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range))) finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range))) changeMypos(startx,starty,range-90) fd(20*size) # 圆弧距离白边40 seth(180+range) fd(5*size) # 向袜子头延伸10 circle(7*size,180) #袜子头处的半圆形 fd(21*size) #袜子宽42 seth(90+range) d = distance(finalx,finaly) #找到袜子底部与白边的距离 fd(d) seth(range+180) fd(16*size) end_fill()
圣诞帽
# 圣诞帽 def drawHat(x,y,range,size=1): # 绘制帽白边 pensize(1) changeMypos(x,y,range) color("white","white") begin_fill() fd(20*size) circle(-3*size,180) fd(20*size) circle(-3*size,180) end_fill() # 绘制帽子上半部分 color("white","red") begin_fill() startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range)) starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range)) finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range))) finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range))) changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90) Rightdraw(18,2*size,7) seth(190) Leftdraw(9,2*size,8) goto(finalx,finaly) goto(startx,starty) end_fill() # 绘制圣诞帽上的小球 changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90) Rightdraw(18,2*size,7) begin_fill() color("white","white") circle(-2.5*size) end_fill()
彩带
# 绘制彩带 def drawRibbon(x,y,range,size): begin_fill() color("red","red") seth(range+40) fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40))) seth(range+90) fd(20/3*size) seth(range-140) fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40))) seth(range-90) fd(20/3*size) end_fill()
糖果
# 圣诞糖果 def drawCandy(x,y,range,size): # 绘制糖体 pensize(1) changeMypos(x,y,range) color("white","white") begin_fill() startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range)) starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range)) finalx = x+8*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range))) finaly = y+8*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range))) changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size) circle(-40/3*size,180) circle(-8/3*size,180) circle(22/3*size,180) goto(finalx,finaly) goto(startx,starty) end_fill() # 绘制下面三条彩带 color("white") changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90) fd(10/3*size) drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size) drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size) drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size) # 绘制弧线段的彩带 changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size) circle(-13.3*size,55) x1 =xcor() y1 =ycor() begin_fill() circle(-13.3*size,80) right(75) fd(6.3*size) right(115) circle(7*size,85) goto(x1,y1) end_fill()
(5)祝福语
# 祝福语 color("dark red","red") #定义字体颜色 penup() goto(0,-230) write("Merry Christmas",align ="center",font=("Comic Sans MS",40,"bold"))#定义文字、位置、字体、大小
3.完整代码
from turtle import * from random import * import math # 绘图方法 def Rightdraw(Range,Fd,Right): for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数 fd(Fd) # 向前Fd个距离 right(Right) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度 def Leftdraw(Range,Fd,Left): for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数 fd(Fd) # 向前Fd个距离 left(Left) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度 # 背景改为黑色 screensize(bg='black') # 重设海龟位置 def changeMypos(x,y,range=heading(),Fd=0): penup() goto(x, y) seth(range) fd(Fd) pendown() def drawBranch(x,y,size=1): changeMypos(x,y) Leftdraw(6,3,9) seth(0) Rightdraw(6,3,9) seth(0) fd(6) # 画五角星 def drawStar(x,y,Range,size): pensize(1) color("red","yellow") begin_fill() changeMypos(x,y,Range) for i in range(5): #画五角星 forward(10*size) right(144) #五角星的角度 forward(10*size) left(72) #继续换角度 end_fill() right(126) # 绘制雪花 def drawSnow(): hideturtle() speed(0) pencolor("white") pensize(2) for i in range(80): # 雪花数量 changeMypos(randint(-248,248),randint(-100,248)) petalNumber = 6 # 雪花花瓣数为6 snowSize = int(randint(2,10)) for j in range(petalNumber): fd(snowSize) backward(snowSize) right(360/petalNumber) # 圣诞袜子 def drawSock(x,y,range,size=1): # 绘制袜子的白边 pensize(1) changeMypos(x,y,range) color("black","white") begin_fill() fd(20*size) circle(3*size,180) fd(20*size) circle(3*size,180) end_fill() # 绘制袜子的下半部分 color("white","red") begin_fill() startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range)) starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range)) finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range))) finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range))) changeMypos(startx,starty,range-90) fd(20*size) # 圆弧距离白边40 seth(180+range) fd(5*size) # 向袜子头延伸10 circle(7*size,180) #袜子头处的半圆形 fd(21*size) #袜子宽42 seth(90+range) d = distance(finalx,finaly) #找到袜子底部与白边的距离 fd(d) seth(range+180) fd(16*size) end_fill() # 圣诞帽 def drawHat(x,y,range,size=1): # 绘制帽白边 pensize(1) changeMypos(x,y,range) color("white","white") begin_fill() fd(20*size) circle(-3*size,180) fd(20*size) circle(-3*size,180) end_fill() # 绘制帽子上半部分 color("white","red") begin_fill() startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range)) starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range)) finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range))) finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range))) changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90) Rightdraw(18,2*size,7) seth(190) Leftdraw(9,2*size,8) goto(finalx,finaly) goto(startx,starty) end_fill() # 绘制圣诞帽上的小球 changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90) Rightdraw(18,2*size,7) begin_fill() color("white","white") circle(-2.5*size) end_fill() # 绘制彩带 def drawRibbon(x,y,range,size): begin_fill() color("red","red") seth(range+40) fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40))) seth(range+90) fd(20/3*size) seth(range-140) fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40))) seth(range-90) fd(20/3*size) end_fill() # 圣诞糖果 def drawCandy(x,y,range,size): # 绘制糖体 pensize(1) changeMypos(x,y,range) color("white","white") begin_fill() startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range)) starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range)) finalx = x+8*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range))) finaly = y+8*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range))) changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size) circle(-40/3*size,180) circle(-8/3*size,180) circle(22/3*size,180) goto(finalx,finaly) goto(startx,starty) end_fill() # 绘制下面三条彩带 color("white") changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90) fd(10/3*size) drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size) drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size) drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size) # 绘制弧线段的彩带 changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size) circle(-13.3*size,55) x1 =xcor() y1 =ycor() begin_fill() circle(-13.3*size,80) right(75) fd(6.3*size) right(115) circle(7*size,85) goto(x1,y1) end_fill() setup(500,500,startx = None,starty = None) title("Merry Christmas") speed(0) pencolor("green") pensize(10) hideturtle() changeMypos(0,185,0) # 树顶层 seth(-120) Rightdraw(10,12,2) changeMypos(0,185,-60) Leftdraw(10,12,2) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-150,10) # 第一层的波浪 for i in range(4): Rightdraw(5,7,15) seth(-150) penup() fd(2) pendown() # 二层 changeMypos(-55,70,-120) Rightdraw(10,8,5) changeMypos(50,73,-60) Leftdraw(10,8,5) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10) seth(-145) pendown() # 第二层的波浪 for i in range(5): Rightdraw(5,9,15) seth(-152.5) penup() fd(3) pendown() # 树三层 changeMypos(-100,0,-120) Rightdraw(10,6.5,4.5) changeMypos(80,0,-50) Leftdraw(10,6,3) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10) seth(-145) # 第三次的波浪 for i in range(6): Rightdraw(5,9,15) seth(-152) penup() fd(3) pendown() # 树四层 changeMypos(-120,-55,-130) Rightdraw(7,10,4) changeMypos(100,-55,-50) Leftdraw(7,10,5) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10) seth(-155) # 第四层的波浪 for i in range(7): Rightdraw(5,9,13) seth(-155) penup() fd(3) pendown() # 树根 changeMypos(-70,-120,-85) Leftdraw(3,8,3) changeMypos(70,-120,-95) Rightdraw(3,8,3) changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-170,10) Rightdraw(10,12,2) # 画树枝 drawBranch(45,-80) drawBranch(-70,-25) drawBranch(-20,40) # 添加挂件 drawHat(-25,175,-10,2.5) drawCandy(-75,-50,-10,1) drawCandy(10,40,-10,1.2) drawStar(110,-90,80,1) drawStar(-120,-100,50,1) drawStar(-90,-50,20,1) drawStar(90,-25,30,1) drawSock(10,-35,-10,2) drawSock(-40,100,10,1) drawStar(-20,40,30,1) drawStar(10,120,90,1) # 打印祝福语 color("dark red","red") #定义字体颜色 penup() goto(0,-230) write("Merry Christmas",align ="center",font=("Comic Sans MS",40,"bold"))#定义文字、位置、字体、大小 # 调用下雪的函数 drawSnow() done()
以上就是本次圣诞树的画法教程,其中里面的一些文字、颜色、参数等大家可自行调整绘制出自己喜欢的圣诞树~
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