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使用Python绘制圣诞树教程详解(附源代码)

作者:艾派森

又是一年一度的圣诞节快到了,提到圣诞节,就不得不提圣诞树,所以本文我们将使用Python绘制一棵圣诞树,文中有详细的代码讲解,具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

又是一年一度的圣诞节快到了,作为程序猿那必须露一手,最终效果图如下:

1.turtle库 

turtle(海龟)是Python重要的标准库之一,它能够进行基本的图形绘制,其概念诞生于1969年。turtle是最有价值的程序设计入门实践库,它是程序设计入门层面最常用的基本绘图库。

turtle的绘图原理:

2.实现步骤 

(1)导入库

from turtle import *
from random import *
import math

(2)定义基本绘图方法

def Rightdraw(Range,Fd,Right): 
    for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数
        fd(Fd)  # 向前Fd个距离
        right(Right) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度
 
def Leftdraw(Range,Fd,Left): 
    for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数
        fd(Fd)  # 向前Fd个距离
        left(Left) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度
 
def changeMypos(x,y,range=heading(),Fd=0):
    penup()
    goto(x, y)
    seth(range)
    fd(Fd)
    pendown()
 
def drawBranch(x,y,size=1):
    changeMypos(x,y)
    Leftdraw(6,3,9)
    seth(0)
    Rightdraw(6,3,9)
    seth(0)
    fd(6)

(3)画树身

# 树顶层
seth(-120)
Rightdraw(10,12,2)
changeMypos(0,185,-60)
Leftdraw(10,12,2)
changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-150,10)
# 第一层的波浪
for i in range(4):
    Rightdraw(5,7,15)
    seth(-150)
    penup()
    fd(2)
    pendown()
# 二层
changeMypos(-55,70,-120)
Rightdraw(10,8,5)
changeMypos(50,73,-60)
Leftdraw(10,8,5)
changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
seth(-145)
pendown()
# 第二层的波浪
for i in range(5):
    Rightdraw(5,9,15)
    seth(-152.5)
    penup()
    fd(3)
    pendown()
# 树三层
changeMypos(-100,0,-120)
Rightdraw(10,6.5,4.5)
changeMypos(80,0,-50)
Leftdraw(10,6,3)
changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
seth(-145)
# 第三次的波浪
for i in range(6):
    Rightdraw(5,9,15)
    seth(-152)
    penup()
    fd(3)
    pendown()
# 树四层
changeMypos(-120,-55,-130)
Rightdraw(7,10,4)
changeMypos(100,-55,-50)
Leftdraw(7,10,5)
changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
seth(-155)
# 第四层的波浪
for i in range(7):
    Rightdraw(5,9,13)
    seth(-155)
    penup()
    fd(3)
    pendown()
# 树根
changeMypos(-70,-120,-85)
Leftdraw(3,8,3)
changeMypos(70,-120,-95)
Rightdraw(3,8,3)
changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-170,10)
Rightdraw(10,12,2)
# 画树枝
drawBranch(45,-80)
drawBranch(-70,-25)
drawBranch(-20,40)

(4)画装饰小物件

五角星

# 画五角星
def drawStar(x,y,Range,size):
    pensize(1)
    color("red","yellow")
    begin_fill()
    changeMypos(x,y,Range)
    for i in range(5): #画五角星
        forward(10*size)
        right(144)    #五角星的角度
        forward(10*size)
        left(72)    #继续换角度
    end_fill()
    right(126)

雪花

# 绘制雪花
def drawSnow():
    hideturtle()
    speed(0)
    pencolor("white")
    pensize(2)
    for i in range(80): # 雪花数量
        changeMypos(randint(-248,248),randint(-100,248))
        petalNumber = 6 # 雪花花瓣数为6
        snowSize = int(randint(2,10))
        for j in range(petalNumber):
            fd(snowSize)
            backward(snowSize)
            right(360/petalNumber)

圣诞袜子

# 圣诞袜子
def drawSock(x,y,range,size=1):
    # 绘制袜子的白边
    pensize(1)
    changeMypos(x,y,range)
    color("black","white")
    begin_fill()
    fd(20*size)
    circle(3*size,180)
    fd(20*size)
    circle(3*size,180)
    end_fill()
    # 绘制袜子的下半部分
    color("white","red")
    begin_fill()
    startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
    starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
    finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
    finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range-90)
    fd(20*size) # 圆弧距离白边40
    seth(180+range)
    fd(5*size) # 向袜子头延伸10
    circle(7*size,180)  #袜子头处的半圆形
    fd(21*size) #袜子宽42
    seth(90+range)
    d = distance(finalx,finaly)  #找到袜子底部与白边的距离
    fd(d)
    seth(range+180)
    fd(16*size) 
    end_fill()

圣诞帽

# 圣诞帽
def drawHat(x,y,range,size=1):
    # 绘制帽白边
    pensize(1)
    changeMypos(x,y,range)
    color("white","white")
    begin_fill()
    fd(20*size)
    circle(-3*size,180)
    fd(20*size)
    circle(-3*size,180)
    end_fill()
    # 绘制帽子上半部分
    color("white","red")
    begin_fill()
    startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
    starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
    finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
    finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
    Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)
    seth(190)
    Leftdraw(9,2*size,8)
    goto(finalx,finaly)
    goto(startx,starty)
    end_fill()
    # 绘制圣诞帽上的小球
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
    Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)
    begin_fill()
    color("white","white")
    circle(-2.5*size)
    end_fill()

彩带

# 绘制彩带
def drawRibbon(x,y,range,size):
        begin_fill()
        color("red","red")
        seth(range+40)
        fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))
        seth(range+90)
        fd(20/3*size)
        seth(range-140)
        fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))
        seth(range-90)
        fd(20/3*size)
        end_fill()

糖果

# 圣诞糖果
def drawCandy(x,y,range,size):
    # 绘制糖体
    pensize(1)
    changeMypos(x,y,range)
    color("white","white")
    begin_fill()
    startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
    starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
    finalx = x+8*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
    finaly = y+8*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)
    circle(-40/3*size,180)
    circle(-8/3*size,180)
    circle(22/3*size,180)
    goto(finalx,finaly)
    goto(startx,starty)
    end_fill()
    # 绘制下面三条彩带
    color("white")
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
    fd(10/3*size)
    drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)
    drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)
    drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
    # 绘制弧线段的彩带
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)
    circle(-13.3*size,55)
    x1 =xcor()
    y1 =ycor()
    begin_fill()
    circle(-13.3*size,80)
    right(75)
    fd(6.3*size)
    right(115)
    circle(7*size,85)
    goto(x1,y1)
    end_fill()

(5)祝福语

# 祝福语
color("dark red","red") #定义字体颜色
penup()
goto(0,-230)
write("Merry Christmas",align ="center",font=("Comic Sans MS",40,"bold"))#定义文字、位置、字体、大小

3.完整代码

from turtle import *
from random import *
import math
 
# 绘图方法
def Rightdraw(Range,Fd,Right): 
    for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数
        fd(Fd)  # 向前Fd个距离
        right(Right) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度
def Leftdraw(Range,Fd,Left): 
    for i in range(Range): # Range循环次数
        fd(Fd)  # 向前Fd个距离
        left(Left) #在当前行进方向再向右偏转Right度
 
# 背景改为黑色
screensize(bg='black') 
 
# 重设海龟位置
def changeMypos(x,y,range=heading(),Fd=0):
    penup()
    goto(x, y)
    seth(range)
    fd(Fd)
    pendown()
 
def drawBranch(x,y,size=1):
    changeMypos(x,y)
    Leftdraw(6,3,9)
    seth(0)
    Rightdraw(6,3,9)
    seth(0)
    fd(6)
 
# 画五角星
def drawStar(x,y,Range,size):
    pensize(1)
    color("red","yellow")
    begin_fill()
    changeMypos(x,y,Range)
    for i in range(5): #画五角星
        forward(10*size)
        right(144)    #五角星的角度
        forward(10*size)
        left(72)    #继续换角度
    end_fill()
    right(126)
 
# 绘制雪花
def drawSnow():
    hideturtle()
    speed(0)
    pencolor("white")
    pensize(2)
    for i in range(80): # 雪花数量
        changeMypos(randint(-248,248),randint(-100,248))
        petalNumber = 6 # 雪花花瓣数为6
        snowSize = int(randint(2,10))
        for j in range(petalNumber):
            fd(snowSize)
            backward(snowSize)
            right(360/petalNumber)
 
# 圣诞袜子
def drawSock(x,y,range,size=1):
    # 绘制袜子的白边
    pensize(1)
    changeMypos(x,y,range)
    color("black","white")
    begin_fill()
    fd(20*size)
    circle(3*size,180)
    fd(20*size)
    circle(3*size,180)
    end_fill()
    # 绘制袜子的下半部分
    color("white","red")
    begin_fill()
    startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
    starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
    finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
    finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range-90)
    fd(20*size) # 圆弧距离白边40
    seth(180+range)
    fd(5*size) # 向袜子头延伸10
    circle(7*size,180)  #袜子头处的半圆形
    fd(21*size) #袜子宽42
    seth(90+range)
    d = distance(finalx,finaly)  #找到袜子底部与白边的距离
    fd(d)
    seth(range+180)
    fd(16*size) 
    end_fill()
 
# 圣诞帽
def drawHat(x,y,range,size=1):
    # 绘制帽白边
    pensize(1)
    changeMypos(x,y,range)
    color("white","white")
    begin_fill()
    fd(20*size)
    circle(-3*size,180)
    fd(20*size)
    circle(-3*size,180)
    end_fill()
    # 绘制帽子上半部分
    color("white","red")
    begin_fill()
    startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
    starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
    finalx = x+18*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
    finaly = y+18*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
    Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)
    seth(190)
    Leftdraw(9,2*size,8)
    goto(finalx,finaly)
    goto(startx,starty)
    end_fill()
    # 绘制圣诞帽上的小球
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
    Rightdraw(18,2*size,7)
    begin_fill()
    color("white","white")
    circle(-2.5*size)
    end_fill()
 
# 绘制彩带
def drawRibbon(x,y,range,size):
        begin_fill()
        color("red","red")
        seth(range+40)
        fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))
        seth(range+90)
        fd(20/3*size)
        seth(range-140)
        fd(15*size*math.tan(math.radians(range+40)))
        seth(range-90)
        fd(20/3*size)
        end_fill()
 
# 圣诞糖果
def drawCandy(x,y,range,size):
    # 绘制糖体
    pensize(1)
    changeMypos(x,y,range)
    color("white","white")
    begin_fill()
    startx = x+2*size*math.cos(math.radians(range))
    starty = y+2*size*math.sin(math.radians(range))
    finalx = x+8*size*(math.cos(math.radians(range)))
    finaly = y+8*size*(math.sin(math.radians(range)))
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)
    circle(-40/3*size,180)
    circle(-8/3*size,180)
    circle(22/3*size,180)
    goto(finalx,finaly)
    goto(startx,starty)
    end_fill()
    # 绘制下面三条彩带
    color("white")
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90)
    fd(10/3*size)
    drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)
    drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
    changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),range+90,13.3*size)
    drawRibbon(xcor(),ycor(),range,size)
    # 绘制弧线段的彩带
    changeMypos(startx,starty,range+90,40*size)
    circle(-13.3*size,55)
    x1 =xcor()
    y1 =ycor()
    begin_fill()
    circle(-13.3*size,80)
    right(75)
    fd(6.3*size)
    right(115)
    circle(7*size,85)
    goto(x1,y1)
    end_fill()
 
setup(500,500,startx = None,starty = None)
title("Merry Christmas")
speed(0)
pencolor("green")
pensize(10)
hideturtle()
changeMypos(0,185,0)
 
 
# 树顶层
seth(-120)
Rightdraw(10,12,2)
changeMypos(0,185,-60)
Leftdraw(10,12,2)
changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-150,10)
# 第一层的波浪
for i in range(4):
    Rightdraw(5,7,15)
    seth(-150)
    penup()
    fd(2)
    pendown()
# 二层
changeMypos(-55,70,-120)
Rightdraw(10,8,5)
changeMypos(50,73,-60)
Leftdraw(10,8,5)
changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
seth(-145)
pendown()
# 第二层的波浪
for i in range(5):
    Rightdraw(5,9,15)
    seth(-152.5)
    penup()
    fd(3)
    pendown()
# 树三层
changeMypos(-100,0,-120)
Rightdraw(10,6.5,4.5)
changeMypos(80,0,-50)
Leftdraw(10,6,3)
changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
seth(-145)
# 第三次的波浪
for i in range(6):
    Rightdraw(5,9,15)
    seth(-152)
    penup()
    fd(3)
    pendown()
# 树四层
changeMypos(-120,-55,-130)
Rightdraw(7,10,4)
changeMypos(100,-55,-50)
Leftdraw(7,10,5)
changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-120,10)
seth(-155)
# 第四层的波浪
for i in range(7):
    Rightdraw(5,9,13)
    seth(-155)
    penup()
    fd(3)
    pendown()
# 树根
changeMypos(-70,-120,-85)
Leftdraw(3,8,3)
changeMypos(70,-120,-95)
Rightdraw(3,8,3)
changeMypos(xcor(),ycor(),-170,10)
Rightdraw(10,12,2)
# 画树枝
drawBranch(45,-80)
drawBranch(-70,-25)
drawBranch(-20,40)
 
# 添加挂件
drawHat(-25,175,-10,2.5)
drawCandy(-75,-50,-10,1)  
drawCandy(10,40,-10,1.2)
drawStar(110,-90,80,1)
drawStar(-120,-100,50,1)
drawStar(-90,-50,20,1)
drawStar(90,-25,30,1)
drawSock(10,-35,-10,2)
drawSock(-40,100,10,1)
drawStar(-20,40,30,1)
drawStar(10,120,90,1)
 
# 打印祝福语
color("dark red","red") #定义字体颜色
penup()
goto(0,-230)
write("Merry Christmas",align ="center",font=("Comic Sans MS",40,"bold"))#定义文字、位置、字体、大小
 
# 调用下雪的函数
drawSnow()
 
done()

以上就是本次圣诞树的画法教程,其中里面的一些文字、颜色、参数等大家可自行调整绘制出自己喜欢的圣诞树~

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