Python绘图之在父组件中使用子组件的函数详解
作者：微小冷
这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了Python在项目开发时,如何实现在父组件中使用子组件的函数,文中的示例代码讲解详细,感兴趣的小伙伴可以跟随小编一起了解一下
Python绘图系统：
自定义控件：坐标设置控件|坐标列表控件|支持多组数据的绘图系统
Combobox绑定事件
DrawType类可以设置绘图维度，而绘图维度和坐标轴的个数是息息相关的。换言之，一个比较合理的交互逻辑是，改选DrawType的维度后，就应该可以改变坐标轴的个数。为了实现这个功能，需要为ComboBox绑定一个事件，改动起来非常简单，只需在initWidgets最后加上一行就可以。
def initWidgets(self, ws):
if ws==None: ws = [8, 3]
slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[0], textvariable=self.drawType)
slct['value'] = self.types
slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[1], textvariable=self.drawDim)
slct['value'] = self.dims
slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
slct.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', self.dimChanged)接下来比较重要的则是self.dimChanged的定义。由于我们希望当Combobox改变时，是另一个控件的内容发生变化，所以self.dimChanged最好是其他控件传入的一个函数。故而需要更改DrawType的初始化函数，即添加一个func参数，然后把这个参数赋给self.dimChanged方法。
def __init__(self, master, types, slctType,
slctDim="3", ws=None, func=None, **options):
super().__init__(master, **options)
#。。。
self.dimChanged = func
# 。。。互相调用
最后，修改AxisList中初始化DrawType的语句
self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, types, slctType, func=self.dimChanged)
并创建self.dimChanged函数，代码如下，逻辑是根据当前选择的维度来更新txyz这几个AxisFrame。
def dimChanged(self, evt):
txyz = self.getDrawDim()
for flag in 'txyz':
self.vis[flag] = flag in txyz
self.updateVisible()
def updateVisible(self):
for flag in 'txyz':
self.afs[flag].pack_forget()
for flag in 'txyz':
if self.vis[flag]:
self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)效果如下
最后的最后，在坐标轴创建时也应该遵循绘图维度和坐标个数之间的关系，这样打开软件或者新创建一组坐标的时候，就可以自动与绘图维度相匹配了。
def initAxis(self, mode, widths):
for flag in 'txyz':
self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self._c, flag, mode, widths)
self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
self.vis = {L : L in self.getDrawDim() for L in 'txyz'}
self.updateVisible()源代码
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (
FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import numpy as np
class AxisFrame(ttk.Frame):
# widths 是每个控件的宽度
def __init__(self, master, label, mode, widths, **options):
super().__init__(master, **options)
self.pack()
self.label = label
self.initVar(mode)
self.initWidgets(widths)
def initVar(self, mode):
self.MODES = ("序列化", "源代码", "外部导入", "无数据")
self.mode = tk.StringVar()
self.setMode(mode)
def initWidgets(self, widths):
tk.Label(self, text=self.label, width=widths[0]).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self.slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=widths[1], textvariable=self.mode)
self.slct['value'] = self.MODES
self.slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self.entry = tk.Entry(self, width=widths[2])
self.entry.pack(padx=5, side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X)
def setText(self, text):
self.entry.delete(0, "end")
self.entry.insert(0, text)
def get(self):
return self.entry.get()
def setMode(self, mode):
if type(mode) != str:
mode = self.MODES[mode]
self.mode.set(mode)
def setData(self, data=None, **txyz):
if self.mode.get() == "序列化":
return self.getArray()
elif self.mode.get() == "外部导入":
return self.loadData(data)
else:
return self.readPython(**txyz)
def readPython(self, t=None, x=None, y=None, z=None):
self.data = eval(self.get())
return self.data
def loadData(self, data):
if type(data) != type(None):
self.data = data
return self.data
def getArray(self):
val = self.get()
self.data = eval(f"np.linspace({val})")
return self.data
class AxisList(ttk.Frame):
def __init__(self, master,
title, mode, widths,
types, slctType, # 绘图类型Combobox的参数
**options):
super().__init__(master, **options)
self.pack()
self.afs = {}
self.data = {}
self.initWidgets(title, widths)
self.initFeature(types, slctType)
self.initAxis(mode, widths)
def initWidgets(self, title, widths):
self.btn = ttk.Button(self, text=title, width=sum(widths)+5,
command=self.Click)
self.btn.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X, expand=tk.YES)
self._c = ttk.Frame(self)
self.collapsed = True
self.Click()
def initFeature(self, types, slctType):
frm = ttk.Frame(self._c)
frm.pack(pady=2, side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
ttk.Button(frm, text="加载",width=5,
command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
frm = ttk.Frame(self._c)
frm.pack(pady=2, side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, types, slctType,
func=self.dimChanged)
self.drawTypeDim.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
self.vis = {L : True for L in 'txyz'}
for flag in 'txyz':
btn = ttk.Button(frm, text=flag, width=3)
btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.btnAxisCollapse)
def dimChanged(self, evt):
txyz = self.getDrawDim()
for flag in 'txyz':
self.vis[flag] = flag in txyz
self.updateVisible()
def updateVisible(self):
for flag in 'txyz':
self.afs[flag].pack_forget()
for flag in 'txyz':
if self.vis[flag]:
self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
def getDrawType(self):
return self.drawTypeDim.getType()
def getDrawDim(self):
return self.drawTypeDim.getDim()
def initAxis(self, mode, widths):
for flag in 'txyz':
self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self._c, flag, mode, widths)
self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
self.vis = {L : L in self.getDrawDim() for L in 'txyz'}
self.updateVisible()
def btnAxisCollapse(self, evt):
flag = evt.widget['text']
self.vis[flag] = not self.vis[flag]
self.updateVisible()
def btnLoadData(self):
name = askopenfilename()
data = np.genfromtxt(name)
for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):
if i >= data.shape[1]:
return
self.setOneMode(flag, "外部导入")
self.data[flag] = self.setData(flag, data[:,i])
def Click(self):
if self.collapsed:
self._c.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES)
else:
self._c.pack_forget()
self.collapsed = not self.collapsed
def setData(self, flag, data=None, **options):
return self.afs[flag].setData(data, **options)
def setOneMode(self, flag, mode):
self.afs[flag].setMode(mode)
# 绘图类型和维度
class DrawType(ttk.Frame):
# ws为两个combobox的宽
def __init__(self, master, types, slctType,
slctDim="3", ws=None, func=None, **options):
super().__init__(master, **options)
self.pack()
self.types = types # 绘图类型
self.dims = ("1", "2", "3", "1+1", "2+1", "3+1") # 绘图维度
self.dimChanged = func
self.initVar(slctType, slctDim)
self.initWidgets(ws)
def initVar(self, slctType, dim):
self.drawType = tk.StringVar()
self.drawType.set(slctType)
self.drawDim = tk.StringVar()
if type(dim) != str:
dim = self.dims[int(dim)]
self.drawDim.set(dim)
def initWidgets(self, ws):
if ws==None: ws = [8, 3]
slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[0], textvariable=self.drawType)
slct['value'] = self.types
slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[1], textvariable=self.drawDim)
slct['value'] = self.dims
slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
slct.bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', self.dimChanged)
def getType(self):
return self.drawType.get()
def getDim(self):
dim = self.drawDim.get()
dimDct = {"1" : "x", "2" : "xy", "3" : "xyz",
"1+1": "tx", "2+1": "txy", "3+1": "txyz"}
return dimDct[dim]
class DarwSystem():
def __init__(self):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.title("数据展示工具")
self.data = {}
self.als = []
self.initConst()
self.setFrmCtrl()
frmFig = ttk.Frame(self.root)
frmFig.pack(side=tk.LEFT,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)
self.setFrmFig(frmFig)
self.root.mainloop()
def initConst(self):
self.TYPES = ("点线图", "散点图", "条形图")
self.drawDct = {
"点线图" : self.drawPlot,
"散点图" : self.drawScatter,
"条形图" : self.drawBar
}
def setFrmCtrl(self):
frmCtrl = ttk.Frame(self.root,width=320)
frmCtrl.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
frm = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl, width=320)
frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
self.setCtrlButtons(frm)
self.frmAxis = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl)
self.frmAxis.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
self.addLast(None)
# ! 工具栏
def setCtrlButtons(self, frm):
self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, self.TYPES, "点线图")
self.drawTypeDim.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
ttk.Button(frm, text="绘图",width=5,
command=self.btnDrawImg).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
ttk.Button(frm, text="加载",width=5,
command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)
btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="+", width=3)
btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.addLast)
btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="-", width=3)
btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)
btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.deleteLast)
def addLast(self, evt):
title = f"坐标{len(self.als)}"
al = AxisList(self.frmAxis, title, 1, [5,10,20],
self.TYPES, self.drawTypeDim.getType())
al.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)
self.als.append(al)
def deleteLast(self, evt):
self.als[-1].pack_forget()
del self.als[-1]
def btnLoadData(self):
name = askopenfilename()
data = np.genfromtxt(name)
for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):
if i >= data.shape[1]:
return
self.AL.setOneMode(flag, "外部导入")
self.data[flag] = self.AL.setData(flag, data[:,i])
def readDatas(self, al):
dct = {}
data = {}
for flag in 'xyz':
data[flag] = al.setData(flag, **dct)
dct[flag] = data[flag]
return data
def btnDrawImg(self):
self.fig.clf()
keys = self.drawTypeDim.getDim()
p = '3d' if 'z' in keys else None
ax = self.fig.add_subplot(projection=p)
for al in self.als:
data = self.readDatas(al)
draw = self.drawDct[al.getDrawType()]
draw(ax, data, keys)
self.fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.95, top=0.95, bottom=0.08)
self.canvas.draw()
def drawBar(self, ax, data, keys):
ax.bar(data['x'], data['y'])
def drawPlot(self, ax, data, keys):
ax.plot(*[data[key] for key in keys])
def drawScatter(self, ax, data, keys):
ax.scatter(*[data[key] for key in keys])
def setFrmFig(self, frmFig):
self.fig = Figure()
self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,frmFig)
self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(
side=tk.TOP,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)
self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas,frmFig,
pack_toolbar=False)
self.toolbar.update()
self.toolbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
if __name__ == "__main__":
test = DarwSystem()到此这篇关于Python绘图之在父组件中使用子组件的函数详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python函数调用内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！