django之如何按日期查询数据
作者：zhen24
这篇文章主要介绍了django之如何按日期查询数据问题,具有很好的参考价值,希望对大家有所帮助,如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教
django按日期查询数据
1、数据库模型 。
from django.db import models
class Get_time(models.Model):
'''测试'''
name = models.CharField(max_length=12)
time= models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)2、序列化和分页。
from rest_framework import serializers
from knife_manage import models
class Get_time_Serializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
'''序列化'''
class Meta:
model = models.Get_time
fields = '__all__'
class PageNumber(PageNumberPagination):
'''分页'''
page_size = 50
page_size_query_param = 'size'
max_page_size = 5
page_query_param = 'page'3、路由。
url(r'^/test/$', views.Timeview.as_view({'get':'filter','post':'post'})),4、视图。
class Timeview(ModelViewSet):
authentication_classes = [] # 取消用户认证
queryset = models.Get_time.objects.all()
serializer_class = Get_time_Serializer # 序列化数据
pagination_class = PageNumber() # 分
def filter(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""多条件查询匹配"""
queryset = models.Get_time.objects.filter(time__year = 2020) # 按年查询
queryset = models.Get_time.objects.filter(time__month = 12) # 按月查询
queryset = models.Get_time.objects.filter(time__day= 9) # 按日查询
now = datetime.datetime.now()
start = now-datetime.timedelta(hours=12, minutes=0, seconds=0)
queryset = models.Get_time.objects.filter(time__gt= start) # 大于某个日期
queryset = models.Get_time.objects.filter(time__lt= start) # 小于某个日期
start_date = datetime.date(2009, 1, 1)
end_date = datetime.date(2020, 3, 31)
queryset = models.Get_time.objects.filter(time__range=(start_date, end_date)) # 按区间查询
queryset = models.Get_time.objects.filter(time__week_day=4) # 按星期几查询
pager_size = self.pagination_class.paginate_queryset(queryset=queryset, request=request, view=self)
ser = self.serializer_class(instance=pager_size, many=True)
return self.pagination_class.get_paginated_response(ser.data)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""新增"""
try:
import random
name=random.randint(10000,99999)
return Response({'info': '操作成功！', 'code': 200})
except Exception:
return Response({'info': '操作失败！', 'code': 400})5、结果：
6、extra。
1）、用户选择日历查询。
range=['2019-03-04', '2019-06-24'] # 前台传过来的数据
start=[int(x) for x in range[0].split('-')]
end=[int(x) for x in range[1].split('-')]
start_date = datetime.date(start[0], start[1],start[2])
end_date = datetime.date(end[0],end[1],end[2])2）、用户选择特定日期。
未设置时区时的操作
request_time='2012-09-09'
time_split=[int(x) for x in request_time.split('-')]
times='%s-%s-%s'%(time_split[0],time_split[1],time_split[2]+1)
cday = datetime.strptime(times, '%Y-%m-%d')
models.Get_time.objects.create(name=name,time=cday) 设置时区时的操作
配置文件设置时区：
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_I18N = True USE_TZ = False
视图：
request_time='2012-09-09' cday = datetime.strptime(request_time, '%Y-%m-%d') models.Get_time.objects.create(name=name,time=cday)
django ORM查询指定日期范围内的数据
dt_s= datetime.now().date() # 2018-7-15 dt_e = (dt_s- timedelta(7)) # 2018-7-08 objs = Record.objects.filter(end_time__range=[dt_s, dt_e]) objs = Record.objects.filter(Q(end_time__=dt_s) & Q(end_time__lt=dt_e)) # 效果相同
end_time为datetime类型数据
| id | end_time | value |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2018-07-09 04:23:16 | 1 |
| 2 | 2018-07-015 04:23:16 | 3 |
使用上面的命令返回的结果为第一条,以下是ORM封装的SQL语句，因为2018-07-15 04:23:16 比 2018-07-15大
select * from record where end_time between 2018-07-08 and 2018-07-15;
You can use range anywhere you can use BETWEEN in SQL — for dates, numbers and even characters.
Warning
Filtering a DateTimeField with dates won’t include items on the last day, because the bounds are interpreted as “0am on >the given date”. If pub_date was a DateTimeField, the above expression would be turned into this SQL:
SELECT … WHERE pub_date BETWEEN ‘2005-01-01 00:00:00’ and ‘2005-03-31 00:00:00’;
Generally speaking, you can’t mix dates and datetimes.
要将end_time转换为日期,就能返回两条数据了
select * from record where date(end_time) between 2018-07-08 and 2018-07-15;
总结
以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。