详解opencv rtsp 硬件解码
作者:qianbo_insist
讨论使用opencv的reader
硬件解码的方案有太多种,如果使用ffmpeg硬件解码是最方便的,不方便的是把解码过后的GPU 拉到 CPU 上,再使用opencv的Mat 从cpu 上上载到gpu上,是不是多了两个过程,应该是直接从GPU mat 直接去处理, 最后一步再从GPU mat 上下载到cpu,render显示。
GPU 硬件解码是nv12 格式,我们为了显示和cpu使用直接转成了RGB或者BGR, 使用opencv再映射封装,最后又上载到cuda,这个过程很耗时间,而且不是必要的。
windows下使用cuda
经过实验,cv::cudacodec::createVideoReader 是可以拉取rtsp 流的,官方编译的可以读取rtsp,但是在文件流上出了问题,而且还有一个bug,就是在显示的时候,必须关闭一次窗口,才能显示后续的帧,而且还有一点,就是注意这个窗口必须是opengl 窗口,而且要打开这个窗口,而且在编译支持cuda的opencv时必须把opengl 勾选上,所以达不到产品化的要求,以下是测试代码:
#include <iostream> #include "opencv2/opencv_modules.hpp" #if defined(HAVE_OPENCV_CUDACODEC) #include <string> #include <vector> #include <algorithm> #include <numeric> #include <opencv2/opencv.hpp> #include <opencv2/core.hpp> #include <opencv2/core/opengl.hpp> #include <opencv2/cudacodec.hpp> #include <opencv2/highgui.hpp> #if _DEBUG #pragma comment(lib,"opencv_world460.lib") #else #pragma comment(lib,"opencv_world460.lib") #endif int main() { cv::cuda::printCudaDeviceInfo(cv::cuda::getDevice()); int count = cv::cuda::getCudaEnabledDeviceCount(); printf("GPU Device Count : %d \n", count); const std::string fname("rtsp://127.0.0.1/101-640.mkv"); //视频文件 // const std::string fname("test_222.mp4"); //视频文件 // cv::namedWindow("CPU", cv::WINDOW_NORMAL); cv::namedWindow("GPU", cv::WINDOW_OPENGL); cv::cuda::setGlDevice(); cv::Mat frame; cv::VideoCapture reader(fname); cv::cuda::GpuMat d_frame; cv::Ptr<cv::cudacodec::VideoReader> d_reader = cv::cudacodec::createVideoReader(fname); cv::TickMeter tm; std::vector<double> cpu_times; std::vector<double> gpu_times; int gpu_frame_count = 0, cpu_frame_count = 0; #if 0 for (;;) { tm.reset(); tm.start(); if (!reader.read(frame)) break; tm.stop(); cpu_times.push_back(tm.getTimeMilli()); cpu_frame_count++; cv::imshow("CPU", frame); if (cv::waitKey(1) > 0) break; } #endif for (;;) { tm.reset(); tm.start(); if (!d_reader->nextFrame(d_frame)) break; tm.stop(); //d_frame.step = d_frame.cols * d_frame.channels(); //cv::cuda::GpuMat gpuMat_Temp = d_frame.clone(); gpu_times.push_back(tm.getTimeMilli()); gpu_frame_count++; if (gpu_frame_count > 2) { cv::Mat test; d_frame.download(test); d_frame.release(); // cv::cvtColor(test, test, cv::COLOR_BGRA2BGR); //cv::imwrite("./test1.jpg", test); cv::imshow("GPU", test); } if (cv::waitKey(1) > 0) break; } if (!cpu_times.empty() && !gpu_times.empty()) { std::cout << std::endl << "Results:" << std::endl; std::sort(cpu_times.begin(), cpu_times.end()); std::sort(gpu_times.begin(), gpu_times.end()); double cpu_avg = std::accumulate(cpu_times.begin(), cpu_times.end(), 0.0) / cpu_times.size(); double gpu_avg = std::accumulate(gpu_times.begin(), gpu_times.end(), 0.0) / gpu_times.size(); std::cout << "CPU : Avg : " << cpu_avg << " ms FPS : " << 1000.0 / cpu_avg << " Frames " << cpu_frame_count << std::endl; std::cout << "GPU : Avg : " << gpu_avg << " ms FPS : " << 1000.0 / gpu_avg << " Frames " << gpu_frame_count << std::endl; } return 0; }
经过release版本的测试,cuda硬件解码比cpu慢很多,我cpu是intel 13代 13700,速度很快,gpu是3060ti, 实际测试就是如此。说明在windows下实际类里面解码的时候在cpu和gpu上转换的时间太多
综上所述,必须使用更为简单的方法,放弃windows上的做法,放到linux上, ffmpeg硬件解码 然后映射到gpu mat上,至于解码ffmpeg 可以看我的其他文章,至于ffmpeg 编解码 nvidia 上官网也是有介绍的:
编译ffmpeg
使用python和linux,使用python的作用是取消c++ 到python之间的内存共享,在windows上编译pynvcodec 会遇到各种问题,建议在linux 编译 pynvcodec,为什么不使用ffmpeg直接解码,因为:我们使用ffmpeg解码得到的YUV格式,我们只能在CPU下转化到RGB的色彩空间,缺少在GPU上进行全部转化的流程,因此我们使用vpf 来进行python上的视频处理,同时结束时可以直接转化成pytorch的张量来处理。
VideoProcessingFramework(VPF)是NVIDIA开源的适用于Python的视频处理框架,可用于硬件加速条件下的视频编解码等处理类任务。同时对于Pytorch比较友好,能够将解析出来的图像数据直接转化成Tensor()的格式。以下为例子:
import PyNvCodec as nvc import PytorchNvCodec as pnvc while True: # Read data. # Amount doesn't really matter, will be updated later on during decode. bits = proc.stdout.read(read_size) if not len(bits): print("Can't read data from pipe") break else: rt += len(bits) # Decode enc_packet = np.frombuffer(buffer=bits, dtype=np.uint8) pkt_data = nvc.PacketData() try: surf = nvdec.DecodeSurfaceFromPacket(enc_packet, pkt_data) # 获取流的数据 # Convert to planar RGB rgb_pln = to_rgb.run(surf) # 转换到rgb_pln if rgb_pln.Empty(): break # PROCESS YOUR TENSOR HERE. # THIS DUMMY PROCESSING JUST ADDS RANDOM ROTATION. src_tensor = surface_to_tensor(rgb_pln) # 转化为Tensor(),数据存储在GPU中 dst_tensor = T.RandomRotation(degrees=(-1, 1))(src_tensor) surface_rgb = tensor_to_surface(dst_tensor, gpu_id) # Convert back to NV12 dst_surface = to_nv12.run(surface_rgb) # 再转换回码流 if src_surface.Empty(): break # Handle HW exceptions in simplest possible way by decoder respawn except nvc.HwResetException: nvdec = nvc.PyNvDecoder(w, h, f, c, g) continue
使用gstreamer
近来来opencv的下载是一个问题,动不动就下载出错,使用gstreamer 在windows下和ffmpeg 差不离,编译也比较麻烦,我们尽量在linux下编译
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake git pkg-config sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev libtiff4-dev libjasper-dev libpng12-dev sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran //在opencv里面安装gstreamer插件 sudo apt-get install gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-libav sudo apt-get install libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-good1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev cd /home/opencv git clone https://github.com/opencv.git cd opencv git checkout 4.7.0 cd /home/opcv nkdir build cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D CUDA_GENERATION=Kepler .. make -j4 sudo make install
int main() { // std::cout << cv::getBuildInformation() << std::endl; using std::chrono::steady_clock; typedef std::chrono::milliseconds milliseconds_type; const int interval = 15; std::stringstream ss; std::string rtsp_url = "rtsp://127.0.0.1/101-640.mkv"; size_t latency = 200; size_t frame_width = 1920; size_t frame_height = 1080; size_t framerate = 15; ss << "rtspsrc location=" << rtsp_url << " latency=" << latency << " ! application/x-rtp, media=video, encoding-name=H264 " << "! rtph264depay ! video/x-h264, clock-rate=90000, width=" << frame_width << ", height=" << frame_height << ", framerate=" << framerate << "/1 ! nvv4l2decoder ! video/x-raw(memory:NVMM), width=" << frame_width << ", height=" << frame_height << ", framerate=" << framerate << "/1 ! nvvideoconvert ! video/x-raw, format=BGRx ! videoconvert ! video/x-raw, format=BGR ! appsink"; std::cout << ss.str() << std::endl; cv::VideoCapture cap = cv::VideoCapture(ss.str(), cv::CAP_GSTREAMER); if (!cap.isOpened()) { std::cerr << "error to open camera." << std::endl; return -1; } std::cout << cv::getBuildInformation() << std::endl; cv::Mat frame; steady_clock::time_point start = steady_clock::now(); size_t frame_idx = 0; while (1) { bool ret = cap.read(frame); if (ret) { // cv::imwrite("tmp.jpg", frame); ++frame_idx; } if (frame_idx % interval == 0) { steady_clock::time_point end = steady_clock::now(); milliseconds_type span = std::chrono::duration_cast<milliseconds_type>(end - start); std::cout << "it took " << span.count() / frame_idx << " millisencods." << std::endl; start = end; } } return 0; }
一点一点排除,在windows上很难复现很多代码,很多都是不稳当的做法,只能做做demo,完全产品化不了,我们目前稳定的做法,1 是使用live555 ,下拉 rtsp,ffmpeg 硬件解码,转成mat,转成gpumat,再转成mat。这个方案不断修改吧。等我更新。
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