python中关于tqdm的用法
作者:feiyang5260
python中tqdm的用法
tqdm安装命令:
pip install tqdm
用tqdm子模块
(1)例子1
from tqdm import tqdm import time for i in tqdm(range(50)): time.sleep(0.1) pass
结果如下:
(2)例子2:带参数
from tqdm import tqdm import time d = {'loss':0.2,'learn':0.8} for i in tqdm(range(50),desc='进行中',ncols=10,postfix=d): #desc设置名称,ncols设置进度条长度.postfix以字典形式传入详细信息 time.sleep(0.1) pass
结果如下
(3)例子3:用tqdm处理列表中的对象,显示处理进度
from tqdm import tqdm import time bar = tqdm(['p1','p2','p3','p4','p5']) for b in bar: time.sleep(0.5) bar.set_description("处理{0}中".format(b))
结果为:
用trange子模块
效果和用tqdm子模块一样
代码如下:
from tqdm import trange import time for i in trange(100): time.sleep(0.1) pass
结果为
手动设置处理进度
from tqdm import tqdm import time #total参数设置进度条的总长度 with tqdm(total=100) as bar: # total表示预期的迭代次数 for i in range(100): # 同上total值 time.sleep(0.1) bar.update(1) #每次更新进度条的长度
结果为:
python进度条tqdm你值得拥有
之所以了解到了这个,是因为使用了一个包依赖了tqdm,然后好奇就查了一下。
对于python中的进度条也是经常使用的,例如包的安装,一些模型的训练也会通过进度条的方式体现在模型训练的进度。
总之,使用进度条能够更加锦上添花,提升使用体验吧。至于更多tqdm内容可以参考tqdm官网下面就来看看吧。
简单了解
先来看看效果,使用循环显示一个智能的进度条-只需用tqdm(iterable)包装任何可迭代就可完成,如下:
相关代码如下:
import tqdm import time for i in tqdm.tqdm(range(1000)): time.sleep(0.1)
官方也给了一张图,来看看:
看起来还不错吧,现在我们详细地了解一下。
使用
安装就不用说了,使用pip install tqdm
即可。tqdm主要有以下三种用法。
基于迭代器的(iterable-based)
使用案例如下,使用tqdm()传入任何可迭代的参数:
from tqdm import tqdm from time import sleep text = "" for char in tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"]): sleep(0.25) text = text + char
tqdm(range(i))的一个特殊优化案例:
from time import sleep from tqdm import trange for i in trange(100): sleep(0.01)
这样就可以不同传入range(100)这样的迭代器了,trange()自己去构建。除此之外,可以用tqdm()在循环外手动控制一个可迭代类型,如下:
pbar = tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"]) for char in pbar: sleep(0.25) pbar.set_description("Processing %s" % char)
这里还使用了.set_description(),结果如下:
Processing d: 100%|██████████| 4/4 [00:01<00:00, 3.99it/s]
相关参数容后再介绍。
手工操作(Manual)
使用with语句手动控制tqdm的更新,可以根据具体任务来更新进度条的进度。
with tqdm(total=100) as pbar: for i in range(10): sleep(0.1) pbar.update(10)
当然with这个语句想必大家都知道(想想使用with打开文件就知道了),也可以不使用with进行,则有如下操作:
pbar = tqdm(total=100) for i in range(10): sleep(0.1) pbar.update(10) pbar.close()
那么这个时候,就不要忘了在结束后关闭,或者del tqdm对象了。
模块(Module)
也许tqdm的最妙用法是在脚本中或在命令行中。只需在管道之间插入tqdm(或python -m tqdm),即可将所有stdin传递到stdout,同时将进度打印到stderr。具体如何操作,我们来看看,下面也是官方给出的例子。
以下示例演示了对当前目录中所有Python文件中的行数进行计数,其中包括计时信息。(为了能够在windows系统中使用linux命令,这是使用git打开),也是当前项目路径。
time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | wc -l
linux命令补充: time,find(-exec 使用其后参数操作查找到的文件);wc.使用tqdm命令来试一试:
time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | tqdm | wc -l
则有:
注意,也可以指定tqdm的常规参数。如下:
就暂时说到这吧,感觉内容有点超纲了,如果对tqdm有兴趣的话可以访问官方文档深入了解。
参数
官方的类初始化代码如下:
class tqdm(): """ Decorate an iterable object, returning an iterator which acts exactly like the original iterable, but prints a dynamically updating progressbar every time a value is requested. """ def __init__(self, iterable=None, desc=None, total=None, leave=True, file=None, ncols=None, mininterval=0.1, maxinterval=10.0, miniters=None, ascii=None, disable=False, unit='it', unit_scale=False, dynamic_ncols=False, smoothing=0.3, bar_format=None, initial=0, position=None, postfix=None, unit_divisor=1000):
官方对各个参数介绍如下:
Parameters ---------- iterable : iterable, optional Iterable to decorate with a progressbar. Leave blank to manually manage the updates. desc : str, optional Prefix for the progressbar. total : int, optional The number of expected iterations. If unspecified, len(iterable) is used if possible. If float("inf") or as a last resort, only basic progress statistics are displayed (no ETA, no progressbar). If `gui` is True and this parameter needs subsequent updating, specify an initial arbitrary large positive integer, e.g. int(9e9). leave : bool, optional If [default: True], keeps all traces of the progressbar upon termination of iteration. file : `io.TextIOWrapper` or `io.StringIO`, optional Specifies where to output the progress messages (default: sys.stderr). Uses `file.write(str)` and `file.flush()` methods. For encoding, see `write_bytes`. ncols : int, optional The width of the entire output message. If specified, dynamically resizes the progressbar to stay within this bound. If unspecified, attempts to use environment width. The fallback is a meter width of 10 and no limit for the counter and statistics. If 0, will not print any meter (only stats). mininterval : float, optional Minimum progress display update interval [default: 0.1] seconds. maxinterval : float, optional Maximum progress display update interval [default: 10] seconds. Automatically adjusts `miniters` to correspond to `mininterval` after long display update lag. Only works if `dynamic_miniters` or monitor thread is enabled. miniters : int, optional Minimum progress display update interval, in iterations. If 0 and `dynamic_miniters`, will automatically adjust to equal `mininterval` (more CPU efficient, good for tight loops). If > 0, will skip display of specified number of iterations. Tweak this and `mininterval` to get very efficient loops. If your progress is erratic with both fast and slow iterations (network, skipping items, etc) you should set miniters=1. ascii : bool or str, optional If unspecified or False, use unicode (smooth blocks) to fill the meter. The fallback is to use ASCII characters " 123456789#". disable : bool, optional Whether to disable the entire progressbar wrapper [default: False]. If set to None, disable on non-TTY. unit : str, optional String that will be used to define the unit of each iteration [default: it]. unit_scale : bool or int or float, optional If 1 or True, the number of iterations will be reduced/scaled automatically and a metric prefix following the International System of Units standard will be added (kilo, mega, etc.) [default: False]. If any other non-zero number, will scale `total` and `n`. dynamic_ncols : bool, optional If set, constantly alters `ncols` to the environment (allowing for window resizes) [default: False]. smoothing : float, optional Exponential moving average smoothing factor for speed estimates (ignored in GUI mode). Ranges from 0 (average speed) to 1 (current/instantaneous speed) [default: 0.3]. bar_format : str, optional Specify a custom bar string formatting. May impact performance. [default: '{l_bar}{bar}{r_bar}'], where l_bar='{desc}: {percentage:3.0f}%|' and r_bar='| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [{elapsed}<{remaining}, ' '{rate_fmt}{postfix}]' Possible vars: l_bar, bar, r_bar, n, n_fmt, total, total_fmt, percentage, rate, rate_fmt, rate_noinv, rate_noinv_fmt, rate_inv, rate_inv_fmt, elapsed, elapsed_s, remaining, remaining_s, desc, postfix, unit. Note that a trailing ": " is automatically removed after {desc} if the latter is empty. initial : int, optional The initial counter value. Useful when restarting a progress bar [default: 0]. position : int, optional Specify the line offset to print this bar (starting from 0) Automatic if unspecified. Useful to manage multiple bars at once (eg, from threads). postfix : dict or *, optional Specify additional stats to display at the end of the bar. Calls `set_postfix(**postfix)` if possible (dict). unit_divisor : float, optional [default: 1000], ignored unless `unit_scale` is True. write_bytes : bool, optional If (default: None) and `file` is unspecified, bytes will be written in Python 2. If `True` will also write bytes. In all other cases will default to unicode. gui : bool, optional WARNING: internal parameter - do not use. Use tqdm_gui(...) instead. If set, will attempt to use matplotlib animations for a graphical output [default: False].
更多功能则可根据以上参数发挥你的想象力了。
总结
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。