详解HttpRunner3的HTTP请是如何发出
作者:python亦希
HttpRunner3示例代码发送HTTP请求
在HttpRunner3的示例代码中,发送HTTP请求的代码是这样写的:
from httprunner import HttpRunner, Config, Step, RunRequest, RunTestCase class TestCaseBasic(HttpRunner): config = Config("basic test with httpbin").base_url("https://httpbin.org/") teststeps = [ Step( RunRequest("headers") .get("/headers") .validate() .assert_equal("status_code", 200) .assert_equal("body.headers.Host", "httpbin.org") ), # 省略 Step( RunRequest("post data") .post("/post") .with_headers(**{"Content-Type": "application/json"}) .with_data("abc") .validate() .assert_equal("status_code", 200) ), # 省略 ] if __name__ == "__main__": TestCaseBasic().test_start()
类TestCaseBasic继承了类HttpRunner
在类TestCaseBasic的内部定义了teststeps列表,由多个Step类的实例对象组成。
类Step初始化传入类RunRequest的方法get和post就把HTTP请求发出去了。
如何实现解析
先看下RunRequest的源码:
class RunRequest(object): def __init__(self, name: Text): self.__step_context = TStep(name=name) def with_variables(self, **variables) -> "RunRequest": self.__step_context.variables.update(variables) return self def setup_hook(self, hook: Text, assign_var_name: Text = None) -> "RunRequest": if assign_var_name: self.__step_context.setup_hooks.append({assign_var_name: hook}) else: self.__step_context.setup_hooks.append(hook) return self def get(self, url: Text) -> RequestWithOptionalArgs: self.__step_context.request = TRequest(method=MethodEnum.GET, url=url) return RequestWithOptionalArgs(self.__step_context) def post(self, url: Text) -> RequestWithOptionalArgs: self.__step_context.request = TRequest(method=MethodEnum.POST, url=url) return RequestWithOptionalArgs(self.__step_context) def put(self, url: Text) -> RequestWithOptionalArgs: self.__step_context.request = TRequest(method=MethodEnum.PUT, url=url) return RequestWithOptionalArgs(self.__step_context) def head(self, url: Text) -> RequestWithOptionalArgs: self.__step_context.request = TRequest(method=MethodEnum.HEAD, url=url) return RequestWithOptionalArgs(self.__step_context) def delete(self, url: Text) -> RequestWithOptionalArgs: self.__step_context.request = TRequest(method=MethodEnum.DELETE, url=url) return RequestWithOptionalArgs(self.__step_context) def options(self, url: Text) -> RequestWithOptionalArgs: self.__step_context.request = TRequest(method=MethodEnum.OPTIONS, url=url) return RequestWithOptionalArgs(self.__step_context) def patch(self, url: Text) -> RequestWithOptionalArgs: self.__step_context.request = TRequest(method=MethodEnum.PATCH, url=url) return RequestWithOptionalArgs(self.__step_context)
里面定义了get、post等HTTP请求的Method。
方法内部
self.__step_context.request = TRequest(method=MethodEnum.GET, url=url)
有个TRequest类:
class TRequest(BaseModel): """requests.Request model""" method: MethodEnum url: Url params: Dict[Text, Text] = {} headers: Headers = {} req_json: Union[Dict, List, Text] = Field(None, alias="json") data: Union[Text, Dict[Text, Any]] = None cookies: Cookies = {} timeout: float = 120 allow_redirects: bool = True verify: Verify = False upload: Dict = {} # used for upload files
它继承了pydantic.BaseModel,是用来做数据验证的,比如这里的url指定了Url类型,如果传一个str类型,就会校验失败。简而言之,这是给代码规范用的,没有实际的业务功能。
下面有一行注释:requests.Request mode,看来这个跟requests有点关系。
回过头来看看self.__step_context.request,也就是self.__step_context对象有个request属性,它的定义是:
self.__step_context = TStep(name=name)
答案应该就在TStep中了:
class TStep(BaseModel): name: Name request: Union[TRequest, None] = None testcase: Union[Text, Callable, None] = None variables: VariablesMapping = {} setup_hooks: Hooks = [] teardown_hooks: Hooks = [] # used to extract request's response field extract: VariablesMapping = {} # used to export session variables from referenced testcase export: Export = [] validators: Validators = Field([], alias="validate") validate_script: List[Text] = []
Model里request定义
还是个Model,里面的request定义是:
request: Union[TRequest, None] = None
又绕回TRequest了。这个Union是typing模块里面的:Union[X, Y] means either X or Y. 意思就是request的类型要么是TRequest要么是None。
在刚才get的方法中,还有一句return RequestWithOptionalArgs(self.__step_context),RequestWithOptionalArgs的定义如下:
class RequestWithOptionalArgs(object): def __init__(self, step_context: TStep): self.__step_context = step_context def with_params(self, **params) -> "RequestWithOptionalArgs": self.__step_context.request.params.update(params) return self def with_headers(self, **headers) -> "RequestWithOptionalArgs": self.__step_context.request.headers.update(headers) return self def with_cookies(self, **cookies) -> "RequestWithOptionalArgs": self.__step_context.request.cookies.update(cookies) return self def with_data(self, data) -> "RequestWithOptionalArgs": self.__step_context.request.data = data return self def with_json(self, req_json) -> "RequestWithOptionalArgs": self.__step_context.request.req_json = req_json return self def set_timeout(self, timeout: float) -> "RequestWithOptionalArgs": self.__step_context.request.timeout = timeout return self def set_verify(self, verify: bool) -> "RequestWithOptionalArgs": self.__step_context.request.verify = verify return self def set_allow_redirects(self, allow_redirects: bool) -> "RequestWithOptionalArgs": self.__step_context.request.allow_redirects = allow_redirects return self def upload(self, **file_info) -> "RequestWithOptionalArgs": self.__step_context.request.upload.update(file_info) return self def teardown_hook( self, hook: Text, assign_var_name: Text = None ) -> "RequestWithOptionalArgs": if assign_var_name: self.__step_context.teardown_hooks.append({assign_var_name: hook}) else: self.__step_context.teardown_hooks.append(hook) return self def extract(self) -> StepRequestExtraction: return StepRequestExtraction(self.__step_context) def validate(self) -> StepRequestValidation: return StepRequestValidation(self.__step_context) def perform(self) -> TStep: return self.__step_context
可以给HTTP请求添加params、headers等可选项。
看到这里,仍然不知道HTTP请求到底发出去的,因为没有调用呀。
调用RunRequest的Step类
只能往上层找,看调用RunRequest的Step类:
class Step(object): def __init__( self, step_context: Union[ StepRequestValidation, StepRequestExtraction, RequestWithOptionalArgs, RunTestCase, StepRefCase, ], ): self.__step_context = step_context.perform() @property def request(self) -> TRequest: return self.__step_context.request @property def testcase(self) -> TestCase: return self.__step_context.testcase def perform(self) -> TStep: return self.__step_context
Step类的__init__方法也用Union做了类型校验,其中RequestWithOptionalArgs就是RunRequest的gei等方法会返回的,这倒是匹配上了。它还有个request属性。有点眉目了。
看HttpRunner类
再往上层找,看HttpRunner类,有个__run_step_request的方法:
def __run_step_request(self, step: TStep) -> StepData: """run teststep: request""" step_data = StepData(name=step.name) # parse prepare_upload_step(step, self.__project_meta.functions) request_dict = step.request.dict() request_dict.pop("upload", None) parsed_request_dict = parse_data( request_dict, step.variables, self.__project_meta.functions ) parsed_request_dict["headers"].setdefault( "HRUN-Request-ID", f"HRUN-{self.__case_id}-{str(int(time.time() * 1000))[-6:]}", ) step.variables["request"] = parsed_request_dict # setup hooks if step.setup_hooks: self.__call_hooks(step.setup_hooks, step.variables, "setup request") # prepare arguments method = parsed_request_dict.pop("method") url_path = parsed_request_dict.pop("url") url = build_url(self.__config.base_url, url_path) parsed_request_dict["verify"] = self.__config.verify parsed_request_dict["json"] = parsed_request_dict.pop("req_json", {}) # request resp = self.__session.request(method, url, **parsed_request_dict) resp_obj = ResponseObject(resp) step.variables["response"] = resp_obj # teardown hooks if step.teardown_hooks: self.__call_hooks(step.teardown_hooks, step.variables, "teardown request") def log_req_resp_details(): err_msg = "\n{} DETAILED REQUEST & RESPONSE {}\n".format("*" * 32, "*" * 32) # log request err_msg += "====== request details ======\n" err_msg += f"url: {url}\n" err_msg += f"method: {method}\n" headers = parsed_request_dict.pop("headers", {}) err_msg += f"headers: {headers}\n" for k, v in parsed_request_dict.items(): v = utils.omit_long_data(v) err_msg += f"{k}: {repr(v)}\n" err_msg += "\n" # log response err_msg += "====== response details ======\n" err_msg += f"status_code: {resp.status_code}\n" err_msg += f"headers: {resp.headers}\n" err_msg += f"body: {repr(resp.text)}\n" logger.error(err_msg) # extract extractors = step.extract extract_mapping = resp_obj.extract(extractors) step_data.export_vars = extract_mapping variables_mapping = step.variables variables_mapping.update(extract_mapping) # validate validators = step.validators session_success = False try: resp_obj.validate( validators, variables_mapping, self.__project_meta.functions ) session_success = True except ValidationFailure: session_success = False log_req_resp_details() # log testcase duration before raise ValidationFailure self.__duration = time.time() - self.__start_at raise finally: self.success = session_success step_data.success = session_success if hasattr(self.__session, "data"): # httprunner.client.HttpSession, not locust.clients.HttpSession # save request & response meta data self.__session.data.success = session_success self.__session.data.validators = resp_obj.validation_results # save step data step_data.data = self.__session.data return step_data
就是这里了,它的函数名用了双下划线开头:双下划线前缀会让Python解释器重写属性名称,以避免子类中的命名冲突。 这也称为名称改写(name mangling),即解释器会更改变量的名称,以便在稍后扩展这个类时避免命名冲突。说人话就是,类的私有成员,只能在类的内部调用,不对外暴露。
它只在__run_step()方法中调用了1次:step_data = self.__run_step_request(step)。
中间有一段:
# request resp = self.__session.request(method, url, **parsed_request_dict) resp_obj = ResponseObject(resp) step.variables["response"] = resp_obj
好家伙,self.__session.request(),跟reqeusts那个有点像了。点进去。
一下就跳转到了httprunner.client.py,众里寻他千百度,默然回首,它竟然就在client。
class HttpSession(requests.Session): """ Class for performing HTTP requests and holding (session-) cookies between requests (in order to be able to log in and out of websites). Each request is logged so that HttpRunner can display statistics. This is a slightly extended version of `python-request <http://python-requests.org>`_'s :py:class:`requests.Session` class and mostly this class works exactly the same. """ def __init__(self): super(HttpSession, self).__init__() self.data = SessionData() def update_last_req_resp_record(self, resp_obj): """ update request and response info from Response() object. """ # TODO: fix self.data.req_resps.pop() self.data.req_resps.append(get_req_resp_record(resp_obj)) def request(self, method, url, name=None, **kwargs):
继承了requests.Session然后进行了重写。
果然,还是用到了requests库。
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