关于pip install uwsgi安装失败问题的解决方案

pip install uwsgi安装失败问题解决

问题描述

Linux下使用python开发，需要uwsgi模块时，常常会出现pip install 失败的情况，就像下图这样。

是什么原因造成的呢？

因为缺少一个python-devel包，所以只需要下载安装这个包就可以解决了。

但是要特别注意python版本要与之对应的问题。

[root@VM_0_13_centos ~]# pip install uwsgi
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/pypi/simple
Collecting uwsgi
  Downloading http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/pypi/packages/98/b2/19b34b20662d111f7d2f926cdf10e13381761dd7dbd10666b9076cbdcd22/uwsgi-2.0.17.tar.gz (798kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 798kB 2.6MB/s 
Installing collected packages: uwsgi
  Running setup.py install for uwsgi ... error
******省略******
    [gcc -pthread] core/config_py.o
    *** uWSGI compiling embedded plugins ***
    [gcc -pthread] plugins/python/python_plugin.o
    In file included from plugins/python/python_plugin.c:1:0:
    plugins/python/uwsgi_python.h:2:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
     #include <Python.h>
                        ^
    compilation terminated.
    ----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3.6 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-e385dqxe/uwsgi/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-azcl8hbu/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-e385dqxe/uwsgi/

解决办法

从yum源上下载安装对应python版本的python-devel，如果不清楚的话先用 python --version 命令查看python版本，然后yum search python3，Tab键搜索出来下载。

[root@VM_0_13_centos ~]# yum install python36u-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration*
******省略******
Installed:
  python36u-devel.x86_64 0:3.6.5-1.ius.centos7                                                         
Complete!

Python-dev是个啥？

linux发行版通常会把类库的头文件和相关的pkg-config分拆成一个单独的xxx-dev(el)包.以下情况需要python-dev包：

1.安装一个源外的python类库, 而这个类库内含需要编译的调用python api的c/c++文件；

2.自己写的一个程序编译需要链接libpythonXX.(a|so)

(不含使用ctypes/ffi或者裸dlsym方式直接调用libpython.so)

其他正常使用python或者通过安装源内的python类库的不需要python-dev.

linux下通过pip安装最新uwsgi

通过yum install uwsgi 安装的uwsgi在进行测试的时候，发现版本是2.0.15,但是启动uwsgi测试的时候报参数错误，后来改用pip安装(先yum remove uwsgi删除老的uwsgi)就成功了。uwsgi安装完成之后的样子

安装pip

wget  https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
python ./get-pip.py

安装uwsgi,一个干净的linux系统安装uwsgi过程中,会遇到以下两个错误。

Exception: you need a C compiler to build uWSGI
  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for uwsgi
  Running setup.py clean for uwsgi
Failed to build uwsgi
Installing collected packages: uwsgi
  Running setup.py install for uwsgi ... error

解决办法：yum install gcc-*

另外一个错误：

fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

解决办法：yum install python-devel

安装成功的打印信息：

[root@VM_68_155_centos ~]# pip install uwsgi
Collecting uwsgi
  Using cached uwsgi-2.0.16.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: uwsgi
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for uwsgi ... done
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/3a/e7/aa/24207bb9d885fe11fab3f7ad7d9d80c538a423d98494d43fd7
Successfully built uwsgi
Installing collected packages: uwsgi
Successfully installed uwsgi-2.0.16
[root@VM_68_155_centos ~]# 

编辑一个简单的测试文件hello.py：

def application(env,start_response):
        start_response('200 OK',[('Content-Type','text/html')])
        return "Hello,world"

启动uwsgi : uwsgi --http-socket :80 --wsgi-file hello.py

[root@VM_68_155_centos ~]# /usr/bin/uwsgi --http-socket :80 --wsgi-file hello.py 
*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.16 (64bit) on [Fri Feb 23 15:31:16 2018] ***
compiled with version: 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) on 23 February 2018 07:28:20
os: Linux-3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jul 4 15:04:05 UTC 2017
nodename: VM_68_155_centos
machine: x86_64
clock source: unix
detected number of CPU cores: 1
current working directory: /root
detected binary path: /usr/bin/uwsgi
!!! no internal routing support, rebuild with pcre support !!!
dropping root privileges as early as possible
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI without its master process manager ***
your processes number limit is 3895
your memory page size is 4096 bytes
detected max file descriptor number: 100001
lock engine: pthread robust mutexes
thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock)
uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address :80 fd 3
dropping root privileges after socket binding
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
Python version: 2.7.5 (default, Aug  4 2017, 00:39:18)  [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)]
*** Python threads support is disabled. You can enable it with --enable-threads ***
Python main interpreter initialized at 0x7d64c0
dropping root privileges after plugin initialization
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
your server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connections
your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds
mapped 72904 bytes (71 KB) for 1 cores
*** Operational MODE: single process ***
WSGI app 0 (mountpoint='') ready in 0 seconds on interpreter 0x7d64c0 pid: 6557 (default app)
dropping root privileges after application loading
uWSGI running as root, you can use --uid/--gid/--chroot options
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI as root !!! (use the --uid flag) *** 
*** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***
spawned uWSGI worker 1 (and the only) (pid: 6557, cores: 1)

测试uwsgi-server

总结

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。