Java项目打包成exe的4大主流方法完整指南

java -version

java version "17.0.9" LTS

light.exe -help

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.1</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>shade</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <transformers>
                            <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                                <mainClass>com.example.myapp.Main</mainClass>
                            </transformer>
                        </transformers>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

mvn clean package

mkdir input
copy target\myapp-1.0.jar input\

jpackage ^
  --type exe ^
  --input input ^
  --dest output ^
  --name MyApp ^
  --main-jar myapp-1.0.jar ^
  --main-class com.example.myapp.Main ^
  --app-version 1.0.0 ^
  --vendor "羽师科技" ^
  --description "我的Java桌面应用" ^
  --icon app.ico ^
  --java-options "-Xmx512m" ^
  --win-dir-chooser ^
  --win-menu ^
  --win-shortcut

jpackage ^
  --type app-image ^
  --input input ^
  --dest output ^
  --name MyApp ^
  --main-jar myapp-1.0.jar ^
  --main-class com.example.myapp.Main ^
  --icon app.ico

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.panteleyev</groupId>
    <artifactId>jpackage-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.6.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <name>MyApp</name>
        <appVersion>${project.version}</appVersion>
        <vendor>羽师科技</vendor>
        <destination>target/dist</destination>
        <input>target</input>
        <mainJar>${project.build.finalName}.jar</mainJar>
        <mainClass>com.example.myapp.Main</mainClass>
        <javaOptions>
            <option>-Xmx512m</option>
        </javaOptions>
        <type>EXE</type>
        <winMenu>true</winMenu>
        <winShortcut>true</winShortcut>
        <winDirChooser>true</winDirChooser>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>jpackage</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<launch4jConfig>
  <dontWrapJar>false</dontWrapJar>
  <headerType>gui</headerType>
  <jar>target\myapp-1.0.jar</jar>
  <outfile>output\MyApp.exe</outfile>
  <errTitle>MyApp 启动错误</errTitle>
  <cmdLine></cmdLine>
  <chdir>.</chdir>
  <priority>normal</priority>
  <downloadUrl>https://www.java.com/download/</downloadUrl>
  <supportUrl></supportUrl>
  <stayAlive>false</stayAlive>
  <restartOnCrash>false</restartOnCrash>
  <manifest></manifest>
  <icon>app.ico</icon>
  <classPath>
    <mainClass>com.example.myapp.Main</mainClass>
  </classPath>
  <jre>
    <path>jre</path>
    <bundledJre64Bit>true</bundledJre64Bit>
    <bundledJreAsFallback>false</bundledJreAsFallback>
    <minVersion>17</minVersion>
    <maxVersion></maxVersion>
    <jdkPreference>preferJre</jdkPreference>
    <runtimeBits>64</runtimeBits>
  </jre>
  <heapSize>512</heapSize>
  <heapMaxSize>1024</heapMaxSize>
  <versionInfo>
    <fileVersion>1.0.0.0</fileVersion>
    <txtFileVersion>1.0.0</txtFileVersion>
    <fileDescription>我的Java桌面应用</fileDescription>
    <copyright>Copyright 2026 羽师科技</copyright>
    <productVersion>1.0.0.0</productVersion>
    <txtProductVersion>1.0.0</txtProductVersion>
    <productName>MyApp</productName>
    <companyName>羽师科技</companyName>
  </versionInfo>
</launch4jConfig>

launch4jc.exe launch4j-config.xml

jlink ^
  --add-modules java.base,java.desktop,java.logging ^
  --output jre ^
  --strip-debug ^
  --compress=2 ^
  --no-header-files ^
  --no-man-pages

java -version
native-image --version

public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello, Native Image!");
    }
}

javac HelloWorld.java
native-image HelloWorld

HelloWorld.exe

native-image -jar target/myapp-1.0.jar MyApp

<profiles>
    <profile>
        <id>native</id>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>
                    <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>0.10.1</version>
                    <extensions>true</extensions>
                    <configuration>
                        <mainClass>com.example.myapp.Main</mainClass>
                        <buildArgs>
                            <buildArg>--no-fallback</buildArg>
                            <buildArg>--initialize-at-build-time</buildArg>
                        </buildArgs>
                    </configuration>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <id>build-native</id>
                            <phase>package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>compile-no-fork</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </profile>
</profiles>

mvn clean package -Pnative

[
  {
    "name": "com.example.myapp.model.User",
    "allDeclaredConstructors": true,
    "allPublicConstructors": true,
    "allDeclaredMethods": true,
    "allPublicMethods": true,
    "allDeclaredFields": true,
    "allPublicFields": true
  }
]

java -agentlib:native-image-agent=config-output-dir=src/main/resources/META-INF/native-image -jar target/myapp-1.0.jar

stages:
  - build
  - test
  - package
  - release
variables:
  MAVEN_OPTS: "-Dmaven.repo.local=.m2/repository"
# 构建JAR包
build_jar:
  stage: build
  image: maven:3.9-eclipse-temurin-17
  script:
    - mvn clean package -DskipTests
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - target/*.jar
    expire_in: 1 week
# 运行单元测试
run_tests:
  stage: test
  image: maven:3.9-eclipse-temurin-17
  script:
    - mvn test
  artifacts:
    reports:
      junit: target/surefire-reports/*.xml
# Windows平台打包exe
package_windows_exe:
  stage: package
  tags:
    - windows
  script:
    - choco install wixtoolset -y
    - mkdir input
    - copy target\myapp-1.0.jar input\
    - jpackage --type exe --input input --dest dist --name MyApp --main-jar myapp-1.0.jar --main-class com.example.myapp.Main --app-version %CI_COMMIT_TAG% --vendor "羽师科技" --icon app.ico --win-dir-chooser --win-menu --win-shortcut
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - dist/*.exe
    expire_in: 1 month
  only:
    - tags
# macOS平台打包dmg
package_macos_dmg:
  stage: package
  tags:
    - macos
  script:
    - mkdir input
    - cp target/myapp-1.0.jar input/
    - jpackage --type dmg --input input --dest dist --name MyApp --main-jar myapp-1.0.jar --main-class com.example.myapp.Main --app-version $CI_COMMIT_TAG --vendor "羽师科技" --icon app.icns
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - dist/*.dmg
    expire_in: 1 month
  only:
    - tags
# 发布到制品库
release:
  stage: release
  image: curlimages/curl:latest
  script:
    - curl -u $NEXUS_USER:$NEXUS_PASS --upload-file dist/MyApp-$CI_COMMIT_TAG.exe https://nexus.example.com/repository/releases/com/example/myapp/$CI_COMMIT_TAG/MyApp-$CI_COMMIT_TAG.exe
  only:
    - tags

pipeline {
    agent any
    tools {
        jdk 'jdk-17'
        maven 'maven-3.9'
    }
    environment {
        APP_NAME = 'MyApp'
        APP_VERSION = "${env.BUILD_NUMBER}"
    }
    stages {
        stage('Checkout') {
            steps {
                git branch: 'main', url: 'https://git.example.com/myapp.git'
            }
        }
        stage('Build & Test') {
            steps {
                bat 'mvn clean package'
            }
            post {
                always {
                    junit 'target/surefire-reports/*.xml'
                }
            }
        }
        stage('Package EXE') {
            agent { label 'windows' }
            steps {
                bat '''
                    mkdir input
                    copy target\\myapp-1.0.jar input\\
                    jpackage --type exe ^
                        --input input ^
                        --dest dist ^
                        --name %APP_NAME% ^
                        --main-jar myapp-1.0.jar ^
                        --main-class com.example.myapp.Main ^
                        --app-version %APP_VERSION% ^
                        --vendor "羽师科技" ^
                        --icon app.ico ^
                        --win-dir-chooser ^
                        --win-menu ^
                        --win-shortcut
                '''
            }
            post {
                success {
                    archiveArtifacts artifacts: 'dist/*.exe', fingerprint: true
                }
            }
        }
        stage('Deploy') {
            steps {
                echo '部署到下载服务器...'
            }
        }
    }
}

jpackage ^
  --type exe ^
  --input input ^
  --dest output ^
  --name MySwingApp ^
  --main-jar myapp.jar ^
  --main-class com.example.Main ^
  --java-options "-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Dsun.jnu.encoding=UTF-8 -Xmx512m"

jpackage ^
  --type exe ^
  --input input ^
  --dest output ^
  --name MyJavaFXApp ^
  --main-jar myapp.jar ^
  --main-class com.example.Main ^
  --java-options "--module-path lib --add-modules javafx.controls,javafx.fxml -Xmx512m"

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.graalvm.buildtools</groupId>
    <artifactId>native-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>

mvn -Pnative native:compile

mkdir input
copy target\myapp.jar input\
copy config.properties input\
jpackage --type app-image --input input --dest output --name MyApp --main-jar myapp.jar

jlink --add-modules java.base,java.desktop --output jre --strip-debug --compress=2 --no-header-files --no-man-pages

jpackage --type exe --input input --dest output --name MyApp --main-jar myapp.jar --resource-dir custom-resources

jpackage --type exe --input input --dest output --name MyApp --main-jar myapp.jar --java-options "-Xms256m -Xmx1024m -XX:+UseG1GC"