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Spring Boot 缓存管理与优化实例教程

2026-04-28 10:33:35 作者：星辰徐哥

本文介绍了SpringBoot缓存管理与优化的核心概念与使用方法,文中通过示例介绍了如何使用SpringCache进行集成,并给出了一些常见的缓存策略,感兴趣的朋友跟随小编一起看看吧

Spring Boot 缓存管理与优化

35.1 学习目标与重点提示

学习目标：掌握Spring Boot缓存管理与优化的核心概念与使用方法，包括缓存的定义与特点、Spring Boot与缓存的集成、缓存策略的配置与优化、Spring Boot的实际应用场景，学会在实际开发中处理缓存管理与优化问题。
重点：缓存的定义与特点、Spring Boot与缓存的集成、缓存策略的配置与优化、Spring Boot的实际应用场景。

35.2 缓存管理与优化概述

缓存管理与优化是Java开发中的重要组件，用于提高系统的性能和响应速度。

35.2.1 缓存的定义

定义：缓存是一种将数据暂时存储在高速存储介质中的技术，用于提高数据访问速度。
作用：

提高数据访问速度。
减少数据库压力。
提高系统的响应速度。

常见的缓存：

内存缓存。
磁盘缓存。
分布式缓存。

✅ 结论：缓存是一种将数据暂时存储在高速存储介质中的技术，作用是提高数据访问速度、减少数据库压力、提高系统的响应速度。

35.2.2 缓存管理的定义

定义：缓存管理是指对缓存进行管理和优化，确保缓存的有效性和高性能。
作用：

提高缓存的有效性。
提高系统的性能。
确保缓存的可靠性。

常见的缓存管理：

缓存的添加。
缓存的删除。
缓存的更新。
缓存的淘汰。

✅ 结论：缓存管理是指对缓存进行管理和优化，作用是提高缓存的有效性、提高系统的性能、确保缓存的可靠性。

35.3 Spring Boot与缓存的集成

Spring Boot与缓存的集成是Java开发中的重要内容。

35.3.1 集成Spring Cache的步骤

定义：集成Spring Cache的步骤是指使用Spring Boot与Spring Cache集成的方法。
步骤：

创建Spring Boot项目。
添加所需的依赖。
配置缓存。
创建实体类。
创建业务层。
创建控制器类。
测试应用。

示例：
pom.xml文件中的依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!-- Web依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 缓存依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 数据验证依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- 测试依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.properties文件中的配置：

# 服务器端口
server.port=8080
# 缓存配置
spring.cache.type=simple

实体类：

import javax.validation.constraints.*;
public class Product {
    private Long id;
    @NotBlank(message = "产品ID不能为空")
    @Size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "产品ID长度必须在3到10个字符之间")
    private String productId;
    @NotBlank(message = "产品名称不能为空")
    @Size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "产品名称长度必须在2到50个字符之间")
    private String productName;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "价格必须大于等于0")
    @Max(value = 10000, message = "价格必须小于等于10000")
    private double price;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "库存必须大于等于0")
    private int stock;
    public Product() {
    }
    public Product(Long id, String productId, String productName, double price, int stock) {
        this.id = id;
        this.productId = productId;
        this.productName = productName;
        this.price = price;
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    // Getter和Setter方法
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getProductId() {
        return productId;
    }
    public void setProductId(String productId) {
        this.productId = productId;
    }
    public String getProductName() {
        return productName;
    }
    public void setProductName(String productName) {
        this.productName = productName;
    }
    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public int getStock() {
        return stock;
    }
    public void setStock(int stock) {
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
                ", productName='" + productName + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", stock=" + stock +
                '}';
    }
}

Repository接口：

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@Repository
public class ProductRepository {
    private List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
    public ProductRepository() {
        products.add(new Product(1L, "P001", "手机", 1000.0, 100));
        products.add(new Product(2L, "P002", "电脑", 5000.0, 50));
        products.add(new Product(3L, "P003", "电视", 3000.0, 80));
        products.add(new Product(4L, "P004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
        products.add(new Product(5L, "P005", "耳机", 300.0, 150));
    }
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return products;
    }
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getId().equals(id)).findFirst().orElse(null);
    }
    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        product.setId((long) (products.size() + 1));
        products.add(product);
    }
    public void updateProduct(Product product) {
        Product existingProduct = getProductById(product.getId());
        if (existingProduct != null) {
            existingProduct.setProductId(product.getProductId());
            existingProduct.setProductName(product.getProductName());
            existingProduct.setPrice(product.getPrice());
            existingProduct.setStock(product.getStock());
        }
    }
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        products.removeIf(product -> product.getId().equals(id));
    }
}

Service类：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;
    @Cacheable("products")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        System.out.println("从数据库获取所有产品");
        return productRepository.getAllProducts();
    }
    @Cacheable(value = "product", key = "#id")
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        System.out.println("从数据库获取产品：" + id);
        return productRepository.getProductById(id);
    }
    @CachePut(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public Product addProduct(Product product) {
        System.out.println("添加产品到数据库");
        productRepository.addProduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @CachePut(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public Product updateProduct(Product product) {
        System.out.println("更新产品到数据库：" + product.getId());
        productRepository.updateProduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @CacheEvict(value = {"product", "products"}, key = "#id")
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        System.out.println("删除产品：" + id);
        productRepository.deleteProduct(id);
    }
}

控制器类：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
public class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;
    @GetMapping("/")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productService.getAllProducts();
    }
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Product getProductById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return productService.getProductById(id);
    }
    @PostMapping("/add")
    public Map<String, Object> addProduct(@Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        productService.addProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品添加成功");
        return result;
    }
    @PutMapping("/edit/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> editProduct(@PathVariable Long id, @Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        product.setId(id);
        productService.updateProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品更新成功");
        return result;
    }
    @DeleteMapping("/delete/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> deleteProduct(@PathVariable Long id) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        productService.deleteProduct(id);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品删除成功");
        return result;
    }
}

应用启动类：

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class CacheApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class, args);
    }
}

测试类：

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.LocalServerPort;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
class CacheApplicationTests {
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;
    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
    }
    @Test
    void testAddProduct() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P006");
        product.put("productName", "耳机");
        product.put("price", 300.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                HttpMethod.POST,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
    @Test
    void testGetProductById() {
        ResponseEntity<Product> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", Product.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).isNotNull();
        // 第二次请求，应该从缓存获取
        response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", Product.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).isNotNull();
    }
    @Test
    void testUpdateProduct() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P001-Update");
        product.put("productName", "手机-更新");
        product.put("price", 1500.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/edit/1",
                HttpMethod.PUT,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
    @Test
    void testDeleteProduct() {
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/delete/1",
                HttpMethod.DELETE,
                null,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
}

✅ 结论：集成Spring Cache的步骤包括创建Spring Boot项目、添加所需的依赖、配置缓存、创建实体类、创建业务层、创建控制器类、测试应用。

35.4 缓存策略的配置与优化

缓存策略的配置与优化是Java开发中的重要内容。

35.4.1 缓存策略的定义

定义：缓存策略是指对缓存进行配置和优化的方法，包括缓存的添加、删除、更新、淘汰等策略。
作用：

提高缓存的有效性。
提高系统的性能。
确保缓存的可靠性。

常见的缓存策略：

缓存的添加策略。
缓存的删除策略。
缓存的更新策略。
缓存的淘汰策略。

✅ 结论：缓存策略是指对缓存进行配置和优化的方法，作用是提高缓存的有效性、提高系统的性能、确保缓存的可靠性。

35.4.2 缓存策略的配置与优化

定义：缓存策略的配置与优化是指对缓存进行配置和优化的方法。
示例：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
class ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;
    @Cacheable("products")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        System.out.println("从数据库获取所有产品");
        return productRepository.getAllProducts();
    }
    @Cacheable(value = "product", key = "#id")
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        System.out.println("从数据库获取产品：" + id);
        return productRepository.getProductById(id);
    }
    @CachePut(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public Product addProduct(Product product) {
        System.out.println("添加产品到数据库");
        productRepository.addProduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @CachePut(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public Product updateProduct(Product product) {
        System.out.println("更新产品到数据库：" + product.getId());
        productRepository.updateProduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @CacheEvict(value = {"product", "products"}, key = "#id")
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        System.out.println("删除产品：" + id);
        productRepository.deleteProduct(id);
    }
}
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
class Product {
    private Long id;
    @NotBlank(message = "产品ID不能为空")
    @Size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "产品ID长度必须在3到10个字符之间")
    private String productId;
    @NotBlank(message = "产品名称不能为空")
    @Size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "产品名称长度必须在2到50个字符之间")
    private String productName;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "价格必须大于等于0")
    @Max(value = 10000, message = "价格必须小于等于10000")
    private double price;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "库存必须大于等于0")
    private int stock;
    public Product() {
    }
    public Product(Long id, String productId, String productName, double price, int stock) {
        this.id = id;
        this.productId = productId;
        this.productName = productName;
        this.price = price;
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getProductId() {
        return productId;
    }
    public void setProductId(String productId) {
        this.productId = productId;
    }
    public String getProductName() {
        return productName;
    }
    public void setProductName(String productName) {
        this.productName = productName;
    }
    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public int getStock() {
        return stock;
    }
    public void setStock(int stock) {
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
                ", productName='" + productName + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", stock=" + stock +
                '}';
    }
}
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@Repository
class ProductRepository {
    private List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
    public ProductRepository() {
        products.add(new Product(1L, "P001", "手机", 1000.0, 100));
        products.add(new Product(2L, "P002", "电脑", 5000.0, 50));
        products.add(new Product(3L, "P003", "电视", 3000.0, 80));
        products.add(new Product(4L, "P004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
        products.add(new Product(5L, "P005", "耳机", 300.0, 150));
    }
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return products;
    }
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getId().equals(id)).findFirst().orElse(null);
    }
    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        product.setId((long) (products.size() + 1));
        products.add(product);
    }
    public void updateProduct(Product product) {
        Product existingProduct = getProductById(product.getId());
        if (existingProduct != null) {
            existingProduct.setProductId(product.getProductId());
            existingProduct.setProductName(product.getProductName());
            existingProduct.setPrice(product.getPrice());
            existingProduct.setStock(product.getStock());
        }
    }
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        products.removeIf(product -> product.getId().equals(id));
    }
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;
    @GetMapping("/")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productService.getAllProducts();
    }
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Product getProductById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return productService.getProductById(id);
    }
    @PostMapping("/add")
    public Map<String, Object> addProduct(@Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        productService.addProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品添加成功");
        return result;
    }
    @PutMapping("/edit/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> editProduct(@PathVariable Long id, @Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        product.setId(id);
        productService.updateProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品更新成功");
        return result;
    }
    @DeleteMapping("/delete/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> deleteProduct(@PathVariable Long id) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        productService.deleteProduct(id);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品删除成功");
        return result;
    }
}
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class CacheApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class, args);
    }
}
// 测试类
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
class CacheApplicationTests {
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;
    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
    }
    @Test
    void testAddProduct() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P006");
        product.put("productName", "耳机");
        product.put("price", 300.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                HttpMethod.POST,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
    @Test
    void testGetProductById() {
        ResponseEntity<Product> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", Product.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).isNotNull();
        response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", Product.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).isNotNull();
    }
    @Test
    void testUpdateProduct() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P001-Update");
        product.put("productName", "手机-更新");
        product.put("price", 1500.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/edit/1",
                HttpMethod.PUT,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
    @Test
    void testDeleteProduct() {
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/delete/1",
                HttpMethod.DELETE,
                null,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
}

✅ 结论：缓存策略的配置与优化是指对缓存进行配置和优化的方法，需要根据实际问题选择合适的缓存策略。

35.5 Spring Boot的实际应用场景

在实际开发中，Spring Boot缓存管理与优化的应用场景非常广泛，如：

实现产品信息的缓存。
实现用户信息的缓存。
实现订单信息的缓存。
实现页面数据的缓存。

示例：

import javax.validation.constraints.*;
class Product {
    private Long id;
    @NotBlank(message = "产品ID不能为空")
    @Size(min = 3, max = 10, message = "产品ID长度必须在3到10个字符之间")
    private String productId;
    @NotBlank(message = "产品名称不能为空")
    @Size(min = 2, max = 50, message = "产品名称长度必须在2到50个字符之间")
    private String productName;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "价格必须大于等于0")
    @Max(value = 10000, message = "价格必须小于等于10000")
    private double price;
    @Min(value = 0, message = "库存必须大于等于0")
    private int stock;
    public Product() {
    }
    public Product(Long id, String productId, String productName, double price, int stock) {
        this.id = id;
        this.productId = productId;
        this.productName = productName;
        this.price = price;
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getProductId() {
        return productId;
    }
    public void setProductId(String productId) {
        this.productId = productId;
    }
    public String getProductName() {
        return productName;
    }
    public void setProductName(String productName) {
        this.productName = productName;
    }
    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public int getStock() {
        return stock;
    }
    public void setStock(int stock) {
        this.stock = stock;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", productId='" + productId + '\'' +
                ", productName='" + productName + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", stock=" + stock +
                '}';
    }
}
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@Repository
class ProductRepository {
    private List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
    public ProductRepository() {
        products.add(new Product(1L, "P001", "手机", 1000.0, 100));
        products.add(new Product(2L, "P002", "电脑", 5000.0, 50));
        products.add(new Product(3L, "P003", "电视", 3000.0, 80));
        products.add(new Product(4L, "P004", "手表", 500.0, 200));
        products.add(new Product(5L, "P005", "耳机", 300.0, 150));
    }
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return products;
    }
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        return products.stream().filter(product -> product.getId().equals(id)).findFirst().orElse(null);
    }
    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        product.setId((long) (products.size() + 1));
        products.add(product);
    }
    public void updateProduct(Product product) {
        Product existingProduct = getProductById(product.getId());
        if (existingProduct != null) {
            existingProduct.setProductId(product.getProductId());
            existingProduct.setProductName(product.getProductName());
            existingProduct.setPrice(product.getPrice());
            existingProduct.setStock(product.getStock());
        }
    }
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        products.removeIf(product -> product.getId().equals(id));
    }
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
class ProductService {
    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;
    @Cacheable("products")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        System.out.println("从数据库获取所有产品");
        return productRepository.getAllProducts();
    }
    @Cacheable(value = "product", key = "#id")
    public Product getProductById(Long id) {
        System.out.println("从数据库获取产品：" + id);
        return productRepository.getProductById(id);
    }
    @CachePut(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public Product addProduct(Product product) {
        System.out.println("添加产品到数据库");
        productRepository.addProduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @CachePut(value = "product", key = "#product.id")
    public Product updateProduct(Product product) {
        System.out.println("更新产品到数据库：" + product.getId());
        productRepository.updateProduct(product);
        return product;
    }
    @CacheEvict(value = {"product", "products"}, key = "#id")
    public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
        System.out.println("删除产品：" + id);
        productRepository.deleteProduct(id);
    }
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/products")
class ProductController {
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;
    @GetMapping("/")
    public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
        return productService.getAllProducts();
    }
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public Product getProductById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return productService.getProductById(id);
    }
    @PostMapping("/add")
    public Map<String, Object> addProduct(@Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        productService.addProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品添加成功");
        return result;
    }
    @PutMapping("/edit/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> editProduct(@PathVariable Long id, @Valid @RequestBody Product product, BindingResult bindingResult) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if (bindingResult.hasErrors()) {
            Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
            for (FieldError error : bindingResult.getFieldErrors()) {
                errors.put(error.getField(), error.getDefaultMessage());
            }
            result.put("success", false);
            result.put("errors", errors);
            return result;
        }
        product.setId(id);
        productService.updateProduct(product);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品更新成功");
        return result;
    }
    @DeleteMapping("/delete/{id}")
    public Map<String, Object> deleteProduct(@PathVariable Long id) {
        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        productService.deleteProduct(id);
        result.put("success", true);
        result.put("message", "产品删除成功");
        return result;
    }
}
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class CacheApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class, args);
    }
}
// 测试类
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
class CacheApplicationTests {
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;
    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
    }
    @Test
    void testAddProduct() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P006");
        product.put("productName", "耳机");
        product.put("price", 300.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/add",
                HttpMethod.POST,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
    @Test
    void testGetProductById() {
        ResponseEntity<Product> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", Product.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).isNotNull();
        response = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/1", Product.class);
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody()).isNotNull();
    }
    @Test
    void testUpdateProduct() {
        Map<String, Object> product = new HashMap<>();
        product.put("productId", "P001-Update");
        product.put("productName", "手机-更新");
        product.put("price", 1500.0);
        product.put("stock", 150);
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> request = new HttpEntity<>(product, headers);
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/edit/1",
                HttpMethod.PUT,
                request,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
    @Test
    void testDeleteProduct() {
        ResponseEntity<Map> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                "http://localhost:" + port + "/api/products/delete/1",
                HttpMethod.DELETE,
                null,
                Map.class
        );
        assertThat(response.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
        assertThat(response.getBody().get("success")).isEqualTo(true);
    }
}

输出结果：

第一次请求获取所有产品：从数据库获取所有产品。
第二次请求获取所有产品：从缓存获取。
第一次请求获取产品1：从数据库获取。
第二次请求获取产品1：从缓存获取。

✅ 结论：在实际开发中，Spring Boot缓存管理与优化的应用场景非常广泛，需要根据实际问题选择合适的缓存策略和优化方法。

总结

本章我们学习了Spring Boot缓存管理与优化，包括缓存的定义与特点、Spring Boot与缓存的集成、缓存策略的配置与优化、Spring Boot的实际应用场景，学会了在实际开发中处理缓存管理与优化问题。其中，缓存的定义与特点、Spring Boot与缓存的集成、缓存策略的配置与优化、Spring Boot的实际应用场景是本章的重点内容。从下一章开始，我们将学习Spring Boot的其他组件、微服务等内容。

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Spring Boot 缓存管理与优化实例教程