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Spring中获取HttpServletRequest的三种方式小结

2026-04-14 09:29:59 作者：爱码少年 00fly.online

spring框架web环境中,获取HttpServletRequest是常见的操作,本文将为大家详细介绍一下Spring中获取HttpServletRequest的三种方式,有需要的小伙伴可以了解下

一、简要概述

spring框架web环境中，获取HttpServletRequest是常见的操作，下面我们以获取客户端ip功能为例，给出获取HttpServletRequest对象的几种方式。

二、3种方式

1、直接在请求方法参数中声明

    String[] IP_HEADERS = {"X-Forwarded-For", "X-Real-IP", "Proxy-Client-IP", "WL-Proxy-Client-IP", "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR", "HTTP_X_FORWARDED", "HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP", "HTTP_CLIENT_IP", "HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR", "HTTP_FORWARDED", "HTTP_VIA", "REMOTE_ADDR"};
    
    @GetMapping({"/", "/index"})
    public String index(HttpServletRequest request)
    {
        return StringUtils.join("client ip: ", getClientIp(request));
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取客户端真实IP地址
     */
    private String getClientIp(HttpServletRequest request)
    {
        for (String header : IP_HEADERS)
        {
            String ip = request.getHeader(header);
            if (ip != null && !ip.isEmpty() && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
            {
                String[] ips = ip.split(",");
                log.info("##### ip header: {}", header);
                return ips[0].trim();
            }
        }
        log.info("##### request.getRemoteAddr");
        return request.getRemoteAddr();
    }

2、注入方式获取

    @Autowired
    HttpServletRequest request;
    
    String[] IP_HEADERS = {"X-Forwarded-For", "X-Real-IP", "Proxy-Client-IP", "WL-Proxy-Client-IP", "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR", "HTTP_X_FORWARDED", "HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP", "HTTP_CLIENT_IP", "HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR", "HTTP_FORWARDED", "HTTP_VIA", "REMOTE_ADDR"};
    
    @GetMapping({"/", "/index"})
    public String index()
    {
        return StringUtils.join("client ip: ", getClientIp(request));
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取客户端真实IP地址
     */
    private String getClientIp(HttpServletRequest request)
    {
        for (String header : IP_HEADERS)
        {
            String ip = request.getHeader(header);
            if (ip != null && !ip.isEmpty() && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
            {
                // 处理多个IP的情况（逗号分隔）
                String[] ips = ip.split(",");
                log.info("##### ip header: {}", header);
                return ips[0].trim();
            }
        }
        log.info("##### request.getRemoteAddr");
        return request.getRemoteAddr();
    }

或者

    @Autowired
    HttpServletRequest request;
    
    String[] IP_HEADERS = {"X-Forwarded-For", "X-Real-IP", "Proxy-Client-IP", "WL-Proxy-Client-IP", "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR", "HTTP_X_FORWARDED", "HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP", "HTTP_CLIENT_IP", "HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR", "HTTP_FORWARDED", "HTTP_VIA", "REMOTE_ADDR"};
    
    @GetMapping({"/", "/index"})
    public String index()
    {
        return StringUtils.join("client ip: ", getClientIp());
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取客户端真实IP地址
     */
    private String getClientIp()
    {
        for (String header : IP_HEADERS)
        {
            String ip = request.getHeader(header);
            if (ip != null && !ip.isEmpty() && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
            {
                // 处理多个IP的情况（逗号分隔）
                String[] ips = ip.split(",");
                log.info("##### ip header: {}", header);
                return ips[0].trim();
            }
        }
        log.info("##### request.getRemoteAddr");
        return request.getRemoteAddr();
    }

3、隐式从上下文获取

    @GetMapping({"/", "/index"})
    public String index()
    {
        return StringUtils.join("client ip: ", getClientIp());
    }
    
    String[] IP_HEADERS = {"X-Forwarded-For", "X-Real-IP", "Proxy-Client-IP", "WL-Proxy-Client-IP", "HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR", "HTTP_X_FORWARDED", "HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP", "HTTP_CLIENT_IP", "HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR", "HTTP_FORWARDED", "HTTP_VIA", "REMOTE_ADDR"};
    
    /**
     * 获取客户端真实IP地址
     */
    private String getClientIp()
    {
        HttpServletRequest request = getHttpServletRequest();
        for (String header : IP_HEADERS)
        {
            String ip = request.getHeader(header);
            if (ip != null && !ip.isEmpty() && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip))
            {
                // 处理多个IP的情况（逗号分隔）
                String[] ips = ip.split(",");
                log.info("##### ip header: {}", header);
                return ips[0].trim();
            }
        }
        log.info("##### request.getRemoteAddr");
        return request.getRemoteAddr();
    }
    
    private HttpServletRequest getHttpServletRequest()
    {
        ServletRequestAttributes servletRequestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes)RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
        if (servletRequestAttributes != null)
        {
            return servletRequestAttributes.getRequest();
        }
        return null;
    }

大家可以根据需要选择其中一种使用。

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