MyBatis 配置复用从入门到精通
作者:雨夜
本文将深入探讨MyBatis的各种配置复用技巧,帮助您写出更优雅、更易维护的持久层代码,本文结合实例代码给大家介绍的非常详细,感兴趣的朋友跟随小编一起看看吧
MyBatis 配置复用详解:从入门到精通
引言
在实际开发中,MyBatis 的 XML 配置文件往往会随着业务复杂度提升而急剧膨胀。大量的重复 SQL 和 resultMap 不仅难以维护,还容易引入错误。本文将深入探讨 MyBatis 的各种配置复用技巧,帮助您写出更优雅、更易维护的持久层代码。
一、SQL 片段复用
SQL 片段复用是最基础也是最常用的复用方式,适用于重复的列名、查询条件、排序分页等场景。
1.1 基础 SQL 片段定义与引用
<mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.UserMapper">
<!-- 定义常用列名片段 -->
<sql id="Base_Column_List">
id, username, password, email, phone,
status, create_time, update_time
</sql>
<!-- 定义查询条件片段 -->
<sql id="Where_Clause">
<where>
<if test="username != null and username != ''">
AND username LIKE CONCAT('%', #{username}, '%')
</if>
<if test="email != null and email != ''">
AND email = #{email}
</if>
<if test="status != null">
AND status = #{status}
</if>
<if test="startTime != null">
AND create_time >= #{startTime}
</if>
<if test="endTime != null">
AND create_time <= #{endTime}
</if>
</where>
</sql>
<!-- 引用片段 -->
<select id="selectByCondition" resultType="User">
SELECT
<include refid="Base_Column_List"/>
FROM user
<include refid="Where_Clause"/>
</select>
</mapper>1.2 带参数的 SQL 片段
SQL 片段支持参数传递,使其更加灵活:
<!-- 定义带表别名的列片段 -->
<sql id="Alias_Columns">
${alias}.id, ${alias}.username, ${alias}.email, ${alias}.create_time
</sql>
<!-- 定义动态表名片段 -->
<sql id="Dynamic_Table">
${tableName} ${alias}
</sql>
<!-- 定义连接条件片段 -->
<sql id="Join_Condition">
${mainAlias}.${mainField} = ${joinAlias}.${joinField}
</sql>
<!-- 使用参数化片段 -->
<select id="selectUserWithOrders" resultMap="UserOrderMap">
SELECT
<include refid="Alias_Columns">
<property name="alias" value="u"/>
</include>,
o.id as order_id, o.order_no, o.amount
FROM
<include refid="Dynamic_Table">
<property name="tableName" value="user"/>
<property name="alias" value="u"/>
</include>
LEFT JOIN order o ON
<include refid="Join_Condition">
<property name="mainAlias" value="u"/>
<property name="mainField" value="id"/>
<property name="joinAlias" value="o"/>
<property name="joinField" value="user_id"/>
</include>
WHERE u.id = #{id}
</select>1.3 条件片段的高级用法
<!-- 定义多种条件片段 -->
<sql id="Basic_Conditions">
<if test="deleted != null">
AND deleted = #{deleted}
</if>
<if test="enabled != null">
AND enabled = #{enabled}
</if>
</sql>
<sql id="Time_Range_Condition">
<if test="timeField != null and startTime != null">
AND ${timeField} >= #{startTime}
</if>
<if test="timeField != null and endTime != null">
AND ${timeField} <= #{endTime}
</if>
</sql>
<sql id="Pagination">
<if test="offset != null and limit != null">
LIMIT #{offset}, #{limit}
</if>
<if test="pageNum != null and pageSize != null">
LIMIT #{pageNum}, #{pageSize}
</if>
</sql>
<!-- 组合使用 -->
<select id="searchUsers" resultType="User">
SELECT * FROM user
<where>
<include refid="Basic_Conditions"/>
<include refid="Time_Range_Condition">
<property name="timeField" value="create_time"/>
</include>
<if test="keyword != null">
AND (username LIKE CONCAT('%', #{keyword}, '%')
OR email LIKE CONCAT('%', #{keyword}, '%'))
</if>
</where>
ORDER BY create_time DESC
<include refid="Pagination"/>
</select>1.4 SQL 片段的嵌套使用
<!-- 定义基础片段 -->
<sql id="User_Fields">
id, username, email
</sql>
<sql id="User_Base_Query">
SELECT <include refid="User_Fields"/> FROM user
</sql>
<!-- 嵌套构建复杂查询 -->
<sql id="Active_User_Query">
<include refid="User_Base_Query"/>
WHERE status = 1 AND last_login_time > DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 30 DAY)
</sql>
<sql id="Vip_User_Query">
<include refid="User_Base_Query"/>
WHERE vip_level > 0
</sql>
<!-- 使用 -->
<select id="countActiveVipUsers" resultType="int">
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (
<include refid="Active_User_Query"/>
UNION
<include refid="Vip_User_Query"/>
) AS combined
</select>二、resultMap 复用
resultMap 复用是处理复杂对象映射的关键技术,可以避免重复定义字段映射关系。
2.1 基础继承复用
<!-- 基础映射定义 -->
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.example.entity.User">
<id property="id" column="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result property="username" column="username" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
<result property="password" column="password" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
<result property="email" column="email" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
<result property="phone" column="phone" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
<result property="status" column="status" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
<result property="createTime" column="create_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP"/>
<result property="updateTime" column="update_time" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 继承并扩展关联对象 -->
<resultMap id="UserWithRoleMap" extends="BaseResultMap" type="com.example.entity.User">
<!-- 一对一关联 -->
<association property="role" javaType="com.example.entity.Role">
<id property="id" column="role_id"/>
<result property="name" column="role_name"/>
<result property="code" column="role_code"/>
<result property="description" column="role_desc"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<!-- 继承并扩展集合对象 -->
<resultMap id="UserWithOrdersMap" extends="BaseResultMap" type="com.example.entity.User">
<!-- 一对多集合 -->
<collection property="orders" ofType="com.example.entity.Order"
notNullColumn="order_id">
<id property="id" column="order_id"/>
<result property="orderNo" column="order_no"/>
<result property="amount" column="amount"/>
<result property="status" column="order_status"/>
<result property="createTime" column="order_create_time"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!-- 多层继承 -->
<resultMap id="UserFullInfoMap" extends="UserWithRoleMap" type="com.example.entity.User">
<collection property="permissions" ofType="com.example.entity.Permission">
<id property="id" column="permission_id"/>
<result property="name" column="permission_name"/>
<result property="code" column="permission_code"/>
</collection>
<!-- 添加额外属性 -->
<result property="lastLoginIp" column="last_login_ip"/>
<result property="lastLoginTime" column="last_login_time"/>
</resultMap>2.2 引用外部 resultMap
<!-- 定义可复用的关联映射(可在其他文件中) -->
<mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.RoleMapper">
<resultMap id="RoleMap" type="com.example.entity.Role">
<id property="id" column="role_id"/>
<result property="name" column="role_name"/>
<result property="code" column="role_code"/>
<result property="permissions" column="id"
select="com.example.mapper.PermissionMapper.selectByRoleId"/>
</resultMap>
</mapper>
<!-- 在当前文件中引用 -->
<mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.UserMapper">
<resultMap id="UserWithRoleRefMap" extends="BaseResultMap"
type="com.example.entity.User">
<!-- 引用外部 resultMap,注意列别名要匹配 -->
<association property="role"
resultMap="com.example.mapper.RoleMapper.RoleMap"
columnPrefix="role_"/>
<!-- 也可以使用 select 方式引用 -->
<collection property="roles"
column="id"
select="com.example.mapper.RoleMapper.selectByUserId"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 对应的查询 -->
<select id="selectUserWithRole" resultMap="UserWithRoleRefMap">
SELECT
u.*,
r.id as role_id,
r.name as role_name,
r.code as role_code
FROM user u
LEFT JOIN user_role ur ON u.id = ur.user_id
LEFT JOIN role r ON ur.role_id = r.id
WHERE u.id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>2.3 使用 columnPrefix 实现同一结构的复用
<!-- 定义地址映射 -->
<resultMap id="AddressMap" type="com.example.entity.Address">
<result property="province" column="province"/>
<result property="city" column="city"/>
<result property="district" column="district"/>
<result property="street" column="street"/>
<result property="detail" column="detail"/>
<result property="zipCode" column="zip_code"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 在多个地方复用,通过 columnPrefix 区分不同地址 -->
<resultMap id="UserWithAddressesMap" type="com.example.entity.User">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="username" column="username"/>
<!-- 注册地址,使用 reg_ 前缀 -->
<association property="registerAddress"
resultMap="AddressMap"
columnPrefix="reg_"/>
<!-- 居住地址,使用 live_ 前缀 -->
<association property="livingAddress"
resultMap="AddressMap"
columnPrefix="live_"/>
<!-- 工作地址,使用 work_ 前缀 -->
<association property="workAddress"
resultMap="AddressMap"
columnPrefix="work_"/>
<!-- 收货地址列表,每个地址使用不同的前缀 -->
<collection property="shippingAddresses"
ofType="com.example.entity.Address"
resultMap="AddressMap"
columnPrefix="ship_"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 对应的查询 -->
<select id="selectUserWithAllAddresses" resultMap="UserWithAddressesMap">
SELECT
u.id, u.username,
ra.province as reg_province,
ra.city as reg_city,
ra.district as reg_district,
ra.street as reg_street,
ra.detail as reg_detail,
ra.zip_code as reg_zip_code,
la.province as live_province,
la.city as live_city,
la.district as live_district,
la.street as live_street,
la.detail as live_detail,
la.zip_code as live_zip_code,
wa.province as work_province,
wa.city as work_city,
wa.district as work_district,
wa.street as work_street,
wa.detail as work_detail,
wa.zip_code as work_zip_code,
sa.province as ship_province,
sa.city as ship_city,
sa.district as ship_district,
sa.street as ship_street,
sa.detail as ship_detail,
sa.zip_code as ship_zip_code
FROM user u
LEFT JOIN address ra ON u.register_address_id = ra.id
LEFT JOIN address la ON u.living_address_id = la.id
LEFT JOIN address wa ON u.work_address_id = wa.id
LEFT JOIN user_shipping_address usa ON u.id = usa.user_id
LEFT JOIN address sa ON usa.address_id = sa.id
WHERE u.id = #{id}
</select>2.4 构造方法映射复用
<!-- 定义带构造方法的映射 -->
<resultMap id="ConstructorMap" type="com.example.entity.User">
<constructor>
<idArg column="id" javaType="Long"/>
<arg column="username" javaType="String"/>
<arg column="email" javaType="String"/>
<arg column="create_time" javaType="java.time.LocalDateTime"/>
</constructor>
</resultMap>
<!-- 继承构造方法映射 -->
<resultMap id="UserWithRoleConstructorMap" extends="ConstructorMap"
type="com.example.entity.User">
<association property="role" javaType="com.example.entity.Role">
<id property="id" column="role_id"/>
<result property="name" column="role_name"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<!-- 使用不同的构造参数顺序 -->
<resultMap id="AlternativeConstructorMap" type="com.example.entity.User">
<constructor>
<arg column="username" javaType="String"/>
<arg column="email" javaType="String"/>
<idArg column="id" javaType="Long"/>
</constructor>
</resultMap>2.5 鉴别器映射复用
<!-- 定义基础映射 -->
<resultMap id="BaseMessageMap" type="com.example.entity.Message">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="content" column="content"/>
<result property="createTime" column="create_time"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 使用鉴别器实现多态查询 -->
<resultMap id="MessageMap" extends="BaseMessageMap"
type="com.example.entity.Message">
<discriminator javaType="int" column="message_type">
<!-- 文本消息 -->
<case value="1" resultMap="TextMessageMap"/>
<!-- 图片消息 -->
<case value="2" resultMap="ImageMessageMap"/>
<!-- 语音消息 -->
<case value="3" resultMap="VoiceMessageMap"/>
<!-- 视频消息,继承基础映射并扩展 -->
<case value="4" resultType="com.example.entity.VideoMessage">
<result property="videoUrl" column="video_url"/>
<result property="duration" column="duration"/>
<result property="thumbnail" column="thumbnail"/>
</case>
</discriminator>
</resultMap>
<!-- 各子类映射可以继续继承 -->
<resultMap id="TextMessageMap" extends="BaseMessageMap"
type="com.example.entity.TextMessage">
<result property="textFormat" column="text_format"/>
</resultMap>
<resultMap id="ImageMessageMap" extends="BaseMessageMap"
type="com.example.entity.ImageMessage">
<result property="imageUrl" column="image_url"/>
<result property="width" column="width"/>
<result property="height" column="height"/>
</resultMap>三、高级复用技巧
3.1 通过继承复用完整查询
<!-- 基础查询 -->
<select id="selectBaseUsers" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
SELECT id, username, email, status
FROM user
WHERE status = 1
</select>
<!-- 继承基础查询并扩展条件 -->
<select id="selectActiveUsers" resultMap="BaseResultMap"
extends="selectBaseUsers">
AND last_login_time > #{lastLoginTime}
</select>
<!-- 继承并修改排序 -->
<select id="selectRecentActiveUsers" resultMap="BaseResultMap"
extends="selectActiveUsers">
ORDER BY last_login_time DESC
LIMIT #{limit}
</select>
<!-- 多层继承 -->
<select id="selectVipActiveUsers" resultMap="UserWithRoleMap"
extends="selectActiveUsers">
AND vip_level > 0
AND EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM user_role WHERE user_id = user.id)
</select>3.2 泛型基础映射抽象
<!-- 定义抽象的基础映射(不指定具体类型) -->
<resultMap id="BaseEntityMap" type="com.example.entity.BaseEntity">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="createTime" column="create_time"/>
<result property="updateTime" column="update_time"/>
<result property="createBy" column="create_by"/>
<result property="updateBy" column="update_by"/>
<result property="deleted" column="deleted" javaType="boolean"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 子类继承基础映射 -->
<resultMap id="ProductMap" extends="BaseEntityMap"
type="com.example.entity.Product">
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<result property="price" column="price"/>
<result property="stock" column="stock"/>
</resultMap>
<resultMap id="OrderMap" extends="BaseEntityMap"
type="com.example.entity.Order">
<result property="orderNo" column="order_no"/>
<result property="amount" column="amount"/>
<result property="userId" column="user_id"/>
</resultMap>
<resultMap id="CategoryMap" extends="BaseEntityMap"
type="com.example.entity.Category">
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<result property="parentId" column="parent_id"/>
<result property="level" column="level"/>
</resultMap>3.3 动态映射组合
<!-- 定义可选的映射片段 -->
<sql id="Optional_User_Fields">
<if test="includeProfile">
, profile, avatar
</if>
<if test="includeStats">
, login_count, last_login_ip
</if>
</sql>
<!-- 动态构建 resultMap 的引用 -->
<resultMap id="DynamicUserMap" type="com.example.entity.User">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="username" column="username"/>
<!-- 基础字段始终包含 -->
</resultMap>
<resultMap id="UserWithProfileMap" extends="DynamicUserMap"
type="com.example.entity.User">
<result property="profile" column="profile"/>
<result property="avatar" column="avatar"/>
</resultMap>
<resultMap id="UserWithStatsMap" extends="DynamicUserMap"
type="com.example.entity.User">
<result property="loginCount" column="login_count"/>
<result property="lastLoginIp" column="last_login_ip"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 根据条件动态选择 resultMap -->
<select id="selectUserDynamic" resultMap="DynamicUserMap">
SELECT id, username
<include refid="Optional_User_Fields"/>
FROM user
WHERE id = #{id}
</select>3.4 类型处理器复用
<!-- 自定义类型处理器 -->
<typeHandler handler="com.example.handler.JsonTypeHandler"
javaType="com.example.entity.JsonObject"/>
<typeHandler handler="com.example.handler.EnumTypeHandler"
javaType="com.example.enums.StatusEnum"/>
<!-- 在 resultMap 中复用 -->
<resultMap id="ProductDetailMap" type="com.example.entity.Product">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<!-- 复用 JSON 处理器 -->
<result property="attributes" column="attributes"
typeHandler="com.example.handler.JsonTypeHandler"/>
<result property="specs" column="specs"
typeHandler="com.example.handler.JsonTypeHandler"/>
<!-- 复用枚举处理器 -->
<result property="status" column="status"
typeHandler="com.example.handler.EnumTypeHandler"/>
<result property="category" column="category"
typeHandler="com.example.handler.EnumTypeHandler"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 在多个映射中复用相同的处理器配置 -->
<resultMap id="OrderExtrasMap" type="com.example.entity.Order">
<result property="extras" column="extras"
typeHandler="com.example.handler.JsonTypeHandler"/>
<result property="status" column="status"
typeHandler="com.example.handler.EnumTypeHandler"/>
</resultMap>四、最佳实践与注意事项
4.1 命名规范建议
<!-- 使用清晰、一致的命名规范 -->
<mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.UserMapper">
<!-- SQL 片段命名:功能 + 类型 -->
<sql id="Base_Column_List"/> <!-- 基础列名 -->
<sql id="Base_Where_Clause"/> <!-- 基础条件 -->
<sql id="Refined_Where_Clause"/> <!-- 精确条件 -->
<sql id="Fuzzy_Where_Clause"/> <!-- 模糊条件 -->
<sql id="Order_By_Clause"/> <!-- 排序 -->
<sql id="Pagination_Clause"/> <!-- 分页 -->
<!-- resultMap 命名:实体 + 功能 + Map -->
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap"/> <!-- 基础映射 -->
<resultMap id="UserWithRoleMap"/> <!-- 带角色 -->
<resultMap id="UserDetailMap"/> <!-- 详细信息 -->
<resultMap id="UserLazyMap"/> <!-- 懒加载 -->
<!-- 查询命名:操作 + 条件 + 结果类型 -->
<select id="selectById"/>
<select id="selectByCondition"/>
<select id="selectWithRoleById"/>
<select id="selectPage"/>
</mapper>4.2 性能考虑
<!-- 1. 懒加载配置 -->
<resultMap id="UserLazyMap" type="com.example.entity.User">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="username" column="username"/>
<!-- 设置懒加载 -->
<association property="role"
select="com.example.mapper.RoleMapper.selectByUserId"
column="id"
fetchType="lazy"/>
<collection property="orders"
select="com.example.mapper.OrderMapper.selectByUserId"
column="id"
fetchType="lazy"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 2. 使用延迟加载的全局配置 -->
<settings>
<setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
<setting name="aggressiveLazyLoading" value="false"/>
<setting name="lazyLoadTriggerMethods" value="equals,clone,hashCode,toString"/>
</settings>
<!-- 3. 批量查询优化 -->
<resultMap id="UserWithOrdersBatchMap" type="com.example.entity.User">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="username" column="username"/>
<!-- 使用批量查询 -->
<collection property="orders"
ofType="com.example.entity.Order"
select="com.example.mapper.OrderMapper.selectByUserIds"
column="{userIds=id}"/>
</resultMap>4.3 常见问题与解决方案
<!-- 问题1:循环引用导致栈溢出 -->
<!-- 解决方案:合理设置递归深度或使用延迟加载 -->
<resultMap id="CategoryTreeMap" type="com.example.entity.Category">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<!-- 设置递归查询,但要有终止条件 -->
<collection property="children"
ofType="com.example.entity.Category"
select="selectChildren"
column="{parentId=id, level=level+1}"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 问题2:字段冲突 -->
<!-- 解决方案:使用别名和 columnPrefix -->
<resultMap id="UserProductMap" type="com.example.entity.UserProduct">
<id property="userId" column="user_id"/>
<id property="productId" column="product_id"/>
<!-- 使用别名区分同名字段 -->
<association property="user" resultMap="UserMap" columnPrefix="u_"/>
<association property="product" resultMap="ProductMap" columnPrefix="p_"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 问题3:N+1 查询问题 -->
<!-- 解决方案:使用联表查询代替嵌套查询 -->
<resultMap id="UserWithOrdersJoinMap" type="com.example.entity.User">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="username" column="username"/>
<!-- 使用联表查询 -->
<collection property="orders" ofType="com.example.entity.Order">
<id property="id" column="order_id"/>
<result property="orderNo" column="order_no"/>
<result property="amount" column="amount"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!-- 对应的优化查询 -->
<select id="selectUserWithOrders" resultMap="UserWithOrdersJoinMap">
SELECT
u.*,
o.id as order_id,
o.order_no,
o.amount
FROM user u
LEFT JOIN order o ON u.id = o.user_id
WHERE u.id = #{id}
</select>五、实际项目应用示例
5.1 通用 CRUD 复用框架
<!-- BaseMapper.xml - 基础映射文件 -->
<mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.BaseMapper">
<!-- 通用字段 -->
<sql id="Base_Column">
id, create_time, update_time, create_by, update_by, deleted
</sql>
<!-- 通用条件:未删除 -->
<sql id="Not_Deleted">
AND deleted = 0
</sql>
<!-- 通用 resultMap -->
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.example.entity.BaseEntity">
<id property="id" column="id"/>
<result property="createTime" column="create_time"/>
<result property="updateTime" column="update_time"/>
<result property="createBy" column="create_by"/>
<result property="updateBy" column="update_by"/>
<result property="deleted" column="deleted"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 通用插入 -->
<sql id="Base_Insert">
INSERT INTO ${tableName} (
<include refid="Base_Column"/>
<if test="extraFields != null">
, ${extraFields}
</if>
) VALUES (
#{id}, #{createTime}, #{updateTime}, #{createBy}, #{updateBy}, #{deleted}
<if test="extraValues != null">
, ${extraValues}
</if>
)
</sql>
<!-- 通用更新 -->
<sql id="Base_Update">
UPDATE ${tableName}
<set>
update_time = NOW(),
<if test="updateBy != null">update_by = #{updateBy},</if>
${updateFields}
</set>
WHERE id = #{id}
</sql>
</mapper>
<!-- UserMapper.xml - 具体实现 -->
<mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.UserMapper">
<!-- 继承通用 resultMap -->
<resultMap id="UserMap" extends="com.example.mapper.BaseMapper.BaseResultMap"
type="com.example.entity.User">
<result property="username" column="username"/>
<result property="password" column="password"/>
<result property="email" column="email"/>
<result property="phone" column="phone"/>
<result property="status" column="status"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 使用通用 SQL 片段 -->
<select id="selectById" resultMap="UserMap">
SELECT
<include refid="com.example.mapper.BaseMapper.Base_Column"/>,
username, password, email, phone, status
FROM user
WHERE id = #{id}
<include refid="com.example.mapper.BaseMapper.Not_Deleted"/>
</select>
<!-- 复杂查询 -->
<select id="selectUserDetail" resultMap="UserDetailMap">
SELECT
u.*,
r.id as role_id,
r.name as role_name,
r.code as role_code,
d.id as dept_id,
d.name as dept_name
FROM user u
LEFT JOIN user_role ur ON u.id = ur.user_id
LEFT JOIN role r ON ur.role_id = r.id
LEFT JOIN department d ON u.dept_id = d.id
WHERE u.id = #{id}
<include refid="com.example.mapper.BaseMapper.Not_Deleted"/>
</select>
</mapper>5.2 多租户系统复用
<!-- 租户隔离的基础配置 -->
<mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.TenantBaseMapper">
<!-- 租户字段 -->
<sql id="Tenant_Column">
tenant_id
</sql>
<!-- 租户条件 -->
<sql id="Tenant_Condition">
AND tenant_id = #{tenantId}
</sql>
<!-- 自动注入租户ID -->
<sql id="Auto_Set_Tenant">
<if test="tenantId == null">
#{_parameter.getTenantId()} as tenant_id,
</if>
<if test="tenantId != null">
#{tenantId} as tenant_id,
</if>
</sql>
<!-- 租户基础 resultMap -->
<resultMap id="TenantBaseMap" extends="com.example.mapper.BaseMapper.BaseResultMap">
<result property="tenantId" column="tenant_id"/>
</resultMap>
</mapper>
<!-- 业务表继承租户配置 -->
<resultMap id="BusinessMap" extends="com.example.mapper.TenantBaseMapper.TenantBaseMap"
type="com.example.entity.Business">
<!-- 业务特有字段 -->
<result property="name" column="name"/>
<result property="code" column="code"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- 查询时自动带上租户条件 -->
<select id="selectByBusiness" resultMap="BusinessMap">
SELECT * FROM business
<where>
<include refid="com.example.mapper.TenantBaseMapper.Tenant_Condition"/>
<if test="name != null">
AND name LIKE CONCAT('%', #{name}, '%')
</if>
</where>
</select>六、总结
6.1 复用方式对比
| 复用方式 | 适用场景 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| SQL 片段 | 重复的 SQL 代码块 | 简单直观,参数灵活 | 仅限于 SQL 层面 |
| resultMap 继承 | 实体映射复用 | 面向对象,支持多态 | 继承层级过深难维护 |
| columnPrefix | 同一结构多字段 | 避免重复定义 | 查询语句较复杂 |
| 引用外部 resultMap | 跨文件复用 | 模块化好,解耦 | 需注意命名空间 |
| 查询继承 | 相似查询复用 | 减少重复 SQL | 调试相对困难 |
6.2 最佳实践建议
- 合理粒度:SQL 片段粒度不宜过细,避免过度拆分
- 命名规范:建立统一的命名规范,提高可读性
- 适度继承:resultMap 继承层级建议不超过 3 层
- 性能考虑:注意 N+1 问题,合理使用联表查询
- 注释完善:关键复用点添加注释,说明用途和使用方式
- 版本控制:复用配置变更时注意影响范围
6.3 注意事项
- 作用域:同 namespace 内可直接引用,跨 namespace 需使用全限定名
- 参数传递:
<include>标签的<property>只在当前片段有效 - 优先级:extends 的 SQL 会在当前 SQL 之前执行
- 循环依赖:避免 resultMap 循环引用导致栈溢出
- 调试难度:过度复用可能增加调试难度,需要权衡
通过合理运用这些复用技巧,可以显著提高 MyBatis 配置的可维护性,减少重复代码,提升开发效率。在实际项目中,建议根据具体场景选择合适的复用方式,并建立团队统一的规范。
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