IntelliJ IDEA中如何使用Checkstyle对Java代码规范检查
作者：拽着尾巴的鱼儿
这篇文章主要介绍了IntelliJ IDEA中如何使用Checkstyle对Java代码规范检查的相关资料,checkstyle是提高代码质量,检查代码规范的很好用的一款工具,文中通过代码介绍的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考下
前言
本文介绍使用CheckStyle 对java 代码进行规范限制。
一、Checkstyle是什么？
Checkstyle 是一款开源的代码静态检查工具，主要用于 强制遵循代码规范（如命名规则、代码格式、注释要求等），支持 Java 等语言。它通过预定义或自定义的规则集，自动检测代码中不符合规范的问题（如类名未用 PascalCase、方法缺少 Javadoc 注释、多余的空行等），帮助团队统一编码风格、提升代码可读性和可维护性
官网介绍：https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/
二、Checkstyle 在idea 中如何配置：
2.1.idea Checkstyle 插件安装
IDEA，进入 File -> Settings -> Plugins，在搜索框输入 Checkstyle，找到官方插件（通常名为 Checkstyle-IDEA），点击 Install 安装，重启 IDEA 生效
2.2 配置 Checkstyle 规则集：
IntelliJ IDEA -> Settings -> Tools -> Checkstyle 在 Configuration File 区域配置检查规则
在项目根目录新增checkstyle.xml 的配置规则：
checkstyle.xml校验的内容为：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE module PUBLIC
"-//Checkstyle//DTD Checkstyle Configuration 1.3//EN"
"https://checkstyle.org/dtds/configuration_1_3.dtd">
<!-- Copyright (C) 2019 check Holding Ltd. All Rights Reserved. -->
<module name="Checker">
<property name="charset" value="UTF-8"/>
<property name="severity" value="error"/>
<property name="fileExtensions" value="java, properties, xml"/>
<!-- Headers Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_header.html -->
<!-- <module name="RegexpHeader">-->
<!-- <property name="header" value="Copyright \(C\) \d{4} check Holding Ltd. All Rights Reserved.$"/>-->
<!-- </module>-->
<!-- Headers End -->
<!-- Miscellaneous Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_misc.html -->
<module name="UniqueProperties"/>
<!-- Miscellaneous End -->
<!-- Size Violations Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_sizes.html -->
<module name="FileLength"/>
<module name="LineLength">
<property name="max" value="120"/>
<!-- Ignore all imports -->
<property name="ignorePattern" value="^import "/>
</module>
<!-- Size Violations End -->
<!-- Whitespace Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_whitespace.html -->
<module name="FileTabCharacter">
<property name="eachLine" value="true"/>
</module>
<!-- Whitespace End -->
<module name="TreeWalker">
<!-- Annotations Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_annotation.html -->
<module name="AnnotationLocation">
<property name="id" value="AnnotationLocationMostCases"/>
<property name="tokens"
value="CLASS_DEF, INTERFACE_DEF, ENUM_DEF, METHOD_DEF, CTOR_DEF"/>
</module>
<module name="AnnotationLocation">
<property name="id" value="AnnotationLocationVariables"/>
<property name="tokens" value="VARIABLE_DEF"/>
<property name="allowSamelineMultipleAnnotations" value="true"/>
</module>
<module name="AnnotationLocation"/>
<module name="MissingOverride"/>
<!-- Make the @SuppressWarnings annotations available to Checkstyle -->
<module name="SuppressWarningsHolder"/>
<!-- Annotations End -->
<!-- Block Checks Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_blocks.html -->
<module name="AvoidNestedBlocks"/>
<module name="EmptyBlock">
<property name="option" value="TEXT"/>
<property name="tokens"
value="LITERAL_TRY, LITERAL_FINALLY, LITERAL_IF, LITERAL_ELSE, LITERAL_SWITCH"/>
</module>
<module name="EmptyCatchBlock">
<property name="exceptionVariableName" value="expected"/>
</module>
<module name="LeftCurly"/>
<module name="RightCurly">
<property name="id" value="RightCurlySame"/>
<property name="tokens"
value="LITERAL_TRY, LITERAL_CATCH, LITERAL_FINALLY, LITERAL_IF, LITERAL_ELSE,
LITERAL_DO"/>
</module>
<module name="RightCurly">
<property name="id" value="RightCurlyAlone"/>
<property name="option" value="alone"/>
<property name="tokens"
value="CLASS_DEF, METHOD_DEF, CTOR_DEF, LITERAL_FOR, LITERAL_WHILE, STATIC_INIT,
INSTANCE_INIT"/>
</module>
<module name="NeedBraces"/>
<!-- Block Checks End -->
<!-- Class Design Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_design.html -->
<module name="InterfaceIsType"/>
<!-- <module name="MutableException"/>-->
<module name="OneTopLevelClass"/>
<module name="ThrowsCount"/>
<!-- Class Design End -->
<!-- Coding Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_coding.html -->
<!-- <module name="AvoidDoubleBraceInitialization"/>-->
<module name="AvoidNoArgumentSuperConstructorCall"/>
<module name="CovariantEquals"/>
<module name="DefaultComesLast"/>
<module name="EmptyStatement"/>
<module name="EqualsHashCode"/>
<module name="FallThrough"/>
<module name="IllegalTokenText">
<property name="tokens" value="STRING_LITERAL, CHAR_LITERAL"/>
<property name="format"
value="\\u00(09|0(a|A)|0(c|C)|0(d|D)|22|27|5(C|c))|\\(0(10|11|12|14|15|42|47)|134)"/>
<property name="message"
value="Consider using special escape sequence instead of octal value or Unicode escaped value."/>
</module>
<module name="InnerAssignment"/>
<module name="MissingSwitchDefault"/>
<module name="MultipleVariableDeclarations"/>
<module name="NestedForDepth">
<property name="max" value="3"/>
</module>
<module name="NestedIfDepth">
<property name="max" value="3"/>
</module>
<module name="NestedTryDepth">
<property name="max" value="2"/>
</module>
<module name="NoClone"/>
<module name="NoFinalizer"/>
<module name="OneStatementPerLine"/>
<module name="OverloadMethodsDeclarationOrder"/>
<module name="PackageDeclaration"/>
<!-- <module name="ParameterAssignment"/>-->
<module name="SimplifyBooleanExpression"/>
<module name="SimplifyBooleanReturn"/>
<module name="StringLiteralEquality"/>
<!-- <module name="UnnecessaryParentheses"/>-->
<module name="UnnecessarySemicolonAfterTypeMemberDeclaration"/>
<module name="UnnecessarySemicolonInTryWithResources"/>
<module name="VariableDeclarationUsageDistance"/>
<!-- Coding End -->
<!-- Imports Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_imports.html -->
<module name="AvoidStarImport"/>
<module name="IllegalImport"/> <!-- defaults to sun.* packages -->
<module name="ImportOrder">
<property name="groups" value="java,javax,org,com"/>
<property name="ordered" value="true"/>
<property name="separated" value="true"/>
<property name="option" value="TOP"/>
</module>
<module name="RedundantImport"/>
<module name="UnusedImports"/>
<!-- Imports End -->
<!-- Javadoc Comments Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_javadoc.html -->
<module name="JavadocParagraph">
<property name="allowNewlineParagraph" value="false"/>
</module>
<module name="JavadocStyle">
<property name="checkFirstSentence" value="false"/>
</module>
<module name="JavadocTagContinuationIndentation"/>
<module name="JavadocType">
<property name="scope" value="public"/>
</module>
<module name="MissingJavadocType"/>
<module name="NonEmptyAtclauseDescription"/>
<module name="SingleLineJavadoc">
<property name="ignoreInlineTags" value="false"/>
</module>
<module name="SummaryJavadoc">
<property name="period" value=""/>
</module>
<!-- Javadoc Comments End -->
<!-- Metrics Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_metrics.html -->
<module name="BooleanExpressionComplexity">
<property name="max" value="7"/>
</module>
<!-- <module name="ClassDataAbstractionCoupling">-->
<!-- <property name="excludeClassesRegexps" value=".*Response$,.*Request$"/>-->
<!-- </module>-->
<!-- <module name="ClassFanOutComplexity">-->
<!-- <property name="excludeClassesRegexps" value=".*Response$,.*Request$"/>-->
<!-- </module>-->
<module name="CyclomaticComplexity"/>
<!-- <module name="JavaNCSS"/>-->
<!-- Metrics End -->
<!-- Miscellaneous Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_misc.html -->
<module name="ArrayTypeStyle"/>
<module name="AvoidEscapedUnicodeCharacters">
<property name="allowEscapesForControlCharacters" value="true"/>
<property name="allowByTailComment" value="true"/>
<property name="allowNonPrintableEscapes" value="true"/>
</module>
<module name="CommentsIndentation"/>
<module name="Indentation">
<property name="basicOffset" value="4"/>
<property name="braceAdjustment" value="0"/>
<property name="caseIndent" value="4"/>
<property name="throwsIndent" value="8"/>
<property name="lineWrappingIndentation" value="8"/>
<property name="arrayInitIndent" value="4"/>
</module>
<module name="OuterTypeFilename"/>
<module name="UpperEll"/>
<!-- Miscellaneous End -->
<!-- Modifiers Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_modifier.html -->
<module name="ModifierOrder"/>
<!-- Modifiers End -->
<!-- Naming Conventions Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_naming.html -->
<!-- <module name="AbbreviationAsWordInName">-->
<!-- <property name="ignoreFinal" value="false"/>-->
<!-- <property name="allowedAbbreviationLength" value="1"/>-->
<!-- </module>-->
<module name="CatchParameterName">
<property name="format" value="^[a-z]([a-z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9]*)?$"/>
<message key="name.invalidPattern"
value="Catch parameter name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
</module>
<!-- <module name="ClassTypeParameterName">-->
<!-- <property name="format" value="(^[A-Z][0-9]?)$|([A-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*[T]$)"/>-->
<!-- <message key="name.invalidPattern"-->
<!-- value="Class type name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>-->
<!-- </module>-->
<module name="ConstantName"/>
<module name="InterfaceTypeParameterName">
<property name="format" value="(^[A-Z][0-9]?)$|([A-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*[T]$)"/>
<message key="name.invalidPattern"
value="Interface type name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
</module>
<module name="LambdaParameterName">
<property name="format" value="^[a-z]([a-z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9]*)?$"/>
<message key="name.invalidPattern"
value="Lambda parameter name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
</module>
<module name="LocalVariableName">
<property name="tokens" value="VARIABLE_DEF"/>
<property name="format" value="^[a-z]([a-z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9]*)?$"/>
<message key="name.invalidPattern"
value="Local variable name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
</module>
<module name="MemberName">
<property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-zA-Z0-9]*$"/>
<message key="name.invalidPattern"
value="Member name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
</module>
<module name="MethodName">
<property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
<message key="name.invalidPattern"
value="Method name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
</module>
<module name="MethodTypeParameterName">
<property name="format" value="(^[A-Z][0-9]?)$|([A-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*[T]$)"/>
<message key="name.invalidPattern"
value="Method type name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
</module>
<module name="PackageName">
<property name="format" value="^[a-z]+(\.[a-z][a-z0-9]*)*$"/>
<message key="name.invalidPattern"
value="Package name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
</module>
<module name="ParameterName">
<property name="format" value="^[a-z]([a-z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9]*)?$"/>
<message key="name.invalidPattern"
value="Parameter name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
</module>
<module name="TypeName">
<message key="name.invalidPattern"
value="Type name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
</module>
<!-- Naming Conventions End -->
<!-- Size Violations Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_sizes.html -->
<module name="AnonInnerLength"/>
<!-- <module name="ExecutableStatementCount"/>-->
<module name="MethodCount"/>
<module name="MethodLength">
<property name="max" value="200"/>
</module>
<module name="OuterTypeNumber"/>
<module name="ParameterNumber">
<property name="max" value="9"/>
</module>
<!-- Size Violations End -->
<!-- Whitespace Begin -->
<!-- See https://checkstyle.sourceforge.io/config_whitespace.html -->
<module name="EmptyLineSeparator">
<property name="allowNoEmptyLineBetweenFields" value="true"/>
</module>
<module name="GenericWhitespace"/>
<module name="MethodParamPad"/>
<module name="NoLineWrap"/>
<module name="NoWhitespaceAfter"/>
<module name="NoWhitespaceBefore">
<property name="tokens" value="COMMA, SEMI, POST_INC, POST_DEC, DOT, ELLIPSIS, METHOD_REF"/>
<property name="allowLineBreaks" value="true"/>
</module>
<module name="OperatorWrap">
<property name="option" value="NL"/>
<property name="tokens"
value="BAND, BOR, BSR, BXOR, DIV, EQUAL, GE, GT, LAND, LE, LITERAL_INSTANCEOF, LOR,
LT, MINUS, MOD, NOT_EQUAL, PLUS, QUESTION, SL, SR, STAR, METHOD_REF "/>
</module>
<module name="ParenPad"/>
<module name="SeparatorWrap">
<property name="id" value="SeparatorWrapDot"/>
<property name="tokens" value="DOT"/>
<property name="option" value="nl"/>
</module>
<module name="SeparatorWrap">
<property name="id" value="SeparatorWrapComma"/>
<property name="tokens" value="COMMA"/>
<property name="option" value="EOL"/>
</module>
<module name="SeparatorWrap">
<!-- ELLIPSIS is EOL until https://github.com/google/styleguide/issues/258 -->
<property name="id" value="SeparatorWrapEllipsis"/>
<property name="tokens" value="ELLIPSIS"/>
<property name="option" value="EOL"/>
</module>
<module name="SeparatorWrap">
<!-- ARRAY_DECLARATOR is EOL until https://github.com/google/styleguide/issues/259 -->
<property name="id" value="SeparatorWrapArrayDeclarator"/>
<property name="tokens" value="ARRAY_DECLARATOR"/>
<property name="option" value="EOL"/>
</module>
<module name="SeparatorWrap">
<property name="id" value="SeparatorWrapMethodRef"/>
<property name="tokens" value="METHOD_REF"/>
<property name="option" value="nl"/>
</module>
<module name="SingleSpaceSeparator"/>
<module name="TypecastParenPad"/>
<module name="WhitespaceAfter"/>
<module name="WhitespaceAround">
<property name="allowEmptyConstructors" value="true"/>
<property name="allowEmptyMethods" value="true"/>
<property name="allowEmptyTypes" value="true"/>
<property name="allowEmptyLoops" value="true"/>
<property name="ignoreEnhancedForColon" value="false"/>
<message key="ws.notFollowed"
value="WhitespaceAround: ''{0}'' is not followed by whitespace. Empty blocks may only be represented as '{}' when not part of a multi-block statement (4.1.3)"/>
<message key="ws.notPreceded"
value="WhitespaceAround: ''{0}'' is not preceded with whitespace."/>
</module>
<!-- Whitespace End -->
<module name="SuppressionCommentFilter"/>
</module>
<module name="SuppressWarningsFilter"/>
</module>
添加本地的checkstyle 文件
最后勾选 要使用的校验文件，进行apply：
2.3 idea 中配置java 的import 顺序：
Editor->code Style->Java->imports 配置 导 包顺序
（1）配置imports 都以单个文件进行导入
（2）配置导包的属性：
2.4 去除idea 本身保存时的格式化
三、Checkstyle 在idea 中如何使用：
配置完成后，在编写代码时，会进行实时校验，鼠标悬停可以查看提示
也可以在某个文件中，右键check 文件
回对该文件进行检查并输出：
可以使用 代码格式化的快捷键： Ctrl+Alt+L 进行代码格式化
如果导包出现顺序问题可以使用快捷键：Ctrl+Alt+O 优化导入的顺序
总结
本文记录在IntelliJ IDEA 中如何使用 Checkstyle对Java代码规范检查。
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