如何在PHP中处理CSV、Excel文件导入导出详解

$file = fopen('data.csv', 'r');
while (($row = fgetcsv($file, 1000, ',')) !== false) {
    // 验证行数据：列数匹配、空值处理、类型转换
    if (count($row) !== 5) continue; // 跳过异常行
    $sanitized = array_map('trim', $row);
    // 插入数据库（建议使用预处理语句防SQL注入）
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO table (col1,col2) VALUES (?,?)");
    $stmt->execute([$sanitized[0], $sanitized[1]]);
}
fclose($file);

header('Content-Type: text/csv; charset=utf-8');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="export.csv"');
$output = fopen('php://output', 'w');
// 写入BOM头解决Excel乱码
fwrite($output, "\xEF\xBB\xBF");
// 标题行
fputcsv($output, ['Name', 'Age', 'Email']);
// 数据循环（假设$data为数组）
foreach ($data as $row) {
    // 数值型字段强制转换为字符串防科学计数法
    $row['age'] = (string)$row['age'];
    fputcsv($output, $row);
}
fclose($output);
exit;

composer require phpoffice/phpspreadsheet

use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\IOFactory;

$spreadsheet = IOFactory::load('data.xlsx');
$sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet();
// 获取合并单元格区域
$mergedCells = $sheet->getMergeCells();
foreach ($mergedCells as $range) {
    // 解析如"A1:C1"为起始结束坐标
    list($start, $end) = explode(':', $range);
    // 自定义合并逻辑（如取左上角值填充）
}
// 遍历行（跳过标题行）
foreach ($sheet->getRowIterator(2) as $row) {
    $rowData = [];
    $cellIterator = $row->getCellIterator();
    $cellIterator->setIterateOnlyExistingCells(false);
    foreach ($cellIterator as $cell) {
        $value = $cell->getValue();
        // 公式计算结果获取
        if ($cell->getDataType() === 'f') {
            $value = $cell->getCalculatedValue();
        }
        // 日期格式转换（Excel存储为浮点数）
        if (is_numeric($value) && \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\Date::isDateTime($cell)) {
            $value = \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\Date::excelToDateTimeObject($value)->format('Y-m-d');
        }
        $rowData[] = $value;
    }
    // 数据处理入库...
}

use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet;
use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Xlsx;

$spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet();
$sheet = $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet();
// 设置标题行样式
$sheet->getStyle('A1:C1')->applyFromArray([
    'font' => ['bold' => true],
    'borders' => ['allBorders' => ['borderStyle' => \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Style\Border::BORDER_THIN]]
]);
// 填充数据
$data = [
    ['产品', '销量', '单价'],
    ['A', 1200, 99.5],
    // ...
];
$sheet->fromArray($data, null, 'A1');
// 自动调整列宽
foreach (range('A', 'C') as $col) {
    $sheet->getColumnDimension($col)->setAutoSize(true);
}
// 大文件处理：分块写入
$writer = new Xlsx($spreadsheet);
$writer->setPreCalculateFormulas(false); // 禁用公式计算提升速度
$writer->save('report.xlsx');