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dubbo http流量接入dubbo后端服务方式

作者:hello_zzw

Dubbo协议基于TCP,适用于后端高效RPC通信,但对前端不友好,可通过多协议发布或网关协议转换支持HTTP接入,主流网关如Higress、APISIX可实现协议转换和自动服务发现

简介

dubbo协议是基于TCP的二进制私有协议,更适合作为后端微服务间的高效RPC通信协议,也导致dubbo协议对于前端流量接入不是很友好。在dubo框架中,有两种方式可以解决这个问题:

同时发布http、dubbo协议

dubbo框架支持为同一个服务发布多个协议,并且支持客户端通过同一个端口以不同的协议访问服务。

发布方式一

dubbo协议的基础上增加tri协议

dubbo:
  protocol:
    name: dubbo
    port: 20080
    ext-protocol: tri
public interface DemoService01 {
    String buyApple(Apple apple);
    String sayHello(String name);
}

public class Apple implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
    private String name;
    
    public Apple(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Apple{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

访问

curl --header "Content-Type:application/json"  --data '{"name":"apple"}' http://localhost:20880/com.doudou.rpc.api.DemoService01/buyApple 

curl --header "Content-Type:text/html"  --data "name" http://localhost:20880/com.doudou.rpc.api.DemoService01/sayHello 

发布方式二

只使用tri协议

dubbo:
  protocol:
    name: tri
    port: 50053

访问

curl --header "Content-Type:application/json"  --data '{"name":"apple"}' http://localhost:50053/com.doudou.rpc.api.DemoService01/buyApple 

curl --header "Content-Type:text/html"  --data "name" http://localhost:50053/com.doudou.rpc.api.DemoService01/sayHello 

使用REST风格

引入javax.ws.rs-api

<dependency>
  <groupId>javax.ws.rs</groupId>
  <artifactId>javax.ws.rs-api</artifactId>
  <version>2.1.1</version>
</dependency>

在使用方法上添加路径注解

import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSON;
import com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService;
import com.doudou.demo.po.User;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.ws.rs.*;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;


@Path("/demo")
@DubboService
public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoServiceImpl.class);

    /**
     * curl --header "Content-Type:text/html"  --data "word" http://localhost:50051/demo/hello
     * curl --header "Content-Type:text/html"  --data "word" http://localhost:50051/com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService/sayHello
     */
    @Path("/hello")
    @POST
    @Override
    public String sayHello(String name) {
        logger.info("name:{}", name);
        return "hello " + name;
    }

    /**
     * curl -X POST --header "Content-Type:text/html" http://localhost:50051/demo/hello2/world
     */
    @Path("/hello2/{name}")
    @POST
    @Override
    public String sayHello2(@PathParam("name") String name) {
        logger.info("name 2:{}", name);
        return "hello 2 " + name;
    }

    /**
     * curl -X POST --header "Content-Type:application/json" "http://localhost:50051/demo/hello3?name=doudou"
     */
    @Path("/hello3")
    @POST
    @Override
    public String sayHello3(@QueryParam("name") String name) {
        logger.info("name 3:{}", name);
        return "hello 3 " + name;
    }

    /**
     * curl -X POST "http://localhost:50051/demo/hello4" --header "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded"  -d "name=admin"
     * curl -X POST "http://localhost:50051/com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService/sayHello4" --header "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded"  -d "name=admin1"
     *
     * @FormParam 用于接收表单数据‌(application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data):
     */
    @Path("/hello4")
    @POST
    @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)  // 必须指定表单类型
    @Override
    public String sayHello4(@FormParam("name") String name) {
        logger.info("name 4:{}", name);
        return "hello 4 " + name;
    }

    /**
     * curl -X POST --header "Content-Type:application/json" -H "name: world" http://localhost:50051/demo/hello5
     * curl -X POST --header "Content-Type:application/json" -H "name: world" http://localhost:50051/com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService/sayHello5
     */
    @Path("/hello5")
    @POST
    @Override
    public String sayHello5(@HeaderParam("name") String name) {
        logger.info("name 5:{}", name);
        return "hello 5 " + name;
    }

    /**
     * curl -X POST --header "Content-Type:application/json" -H "cookie:name=world" http://localhost:50051/demo/hello6
     * curl -X POST --header "Content-Type:application/json" -H "cookie:name=world" http://localhost:50051/com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService/sayHello6
     */
    @Path("/hello6")
    @POST
    @Override
    public String sayHello6(@CookieParam("name") String name) {
        logger.info("name 6:{}", name);
        return "hello 6 " + name;
    }

    /**
     *  curl -X POST --header "Content-Type:application/json" --data '{"id":1,"name":"world"}'  http://localhost:50051/com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService/sayHello7
     *  curl -X POST --header "Content-Type:application/json" --data '{user:{"id":1,"name":"world"}, user2:{"id":2,"name":"world2"}}'  http://localhost:50051/com.doudou.demo.api.DemoService/sayHello7
     *
     *  {"id":1,"name":"world"}
     */
    @Path("/hello7")
    @POST
    @Override
    public String sayHello7(User user, User user2) {
        logger.info("user:{}", JSON.toJSONString(user));
        logger.info("user2:{}", JSON.toJSONString(user2));
        return JSON.toJSONString(user);
    }
}

使用网关转http协议为dubbo协议

网关需要实现的关键点:

支持的开源网关

参考HTTP网关接入->dubbo协议

总结

以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

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