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SpringBoot中公共字段自动填充的常用技巧

作者:汤姆yu

这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了SpringBoot中公共字段自动填充的几个常用技巧,文中的示例代码讲解详细,感兴趣的小伙伴可以跟随小编一起学习一下

一、痛点分析:公共字段维护的三大困境

典型问题场景

// 订单创建逻辑
publicvoidcreateOrder(OrderDTO dto){
    Order order = convertToEntity(dto);
    
    // 手动设置公共字段
    order.setCreateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
    order.setUpdateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
    order.setCreateUser(getCurrentUser());
    order.setUpdateUser(getCurrentUser());
    
    orderMapper.insert(order);
}

// 订单更新逻辑 
publicvoidupdateOrder(OrderDTO dto){
    Order order = convertToEntity(dto);
    
    // 重复设置逻辑
    order.setUpdateTime(LocalDateTime.now());
    order.setUpdateUser(getCurrentUser());
    
    orderMapper.updateById(order);
}

痛点总结:

二、基础方案:MyBatis-Plus自动填充

2.1 配置元对象处理器

@Slf4j
@Component
publicclassAutoFillHandlerimplementsMetaObjectHandler{
    
    // 插入时自动填充
    @Override
    publicvoidinsertFill(MetaObject metaObject){
        this.strictInsertFill(metaObject, "createTime", LocalDateTime.class, LocalDateTime.now());
        this.strictInsertFill(metaObject, "createUser", String.class, getCurrentUser());
        this.strictUpdateFill(metaObject, "updateTime", LocalDateTime.class, LocalDateTime.now());
        this.strictUpdateFill(metaObject, "updateUser", String.class, getCurrentUser());
    }

    // 更新时自动填充
    @Override
    publicvoidupdateFill(MetaObject metaObject){
        this.strictUpdateFill(metaObject, "updateTime", LocalDateTime.class, LocalDateTime.now());
        this.strictUpdateFill(metaObject, "updateUser", String.class, getCurrentUser());
    }
    
    // 获取当前用户(从安全上下文)
    private String getCurrentUser(){
        return Optional.ofNullable(SecurityContextHolder.getContext())
                      .map(SecurityContext::getAuthentication)
                      .map(Authentication::getName)
                      .orElse("system");
    }
}

2.2 实体类注解配置

@Data
publicclassBaseEntity{
    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT)
    private LocalDateTime createTime;
    
    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT_UPDATE)
    private LocalDateTime updateTime;
    
    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT)
    private String createUser;
    
    @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT_UPDATE)
    private String updateUser;
}

// 订单实体继承基类
publicclassOrderextendsBaseEntity{
    // 业务字段...
}

三、进阶方案:AOP统一处理

3.1 自定义注解

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public@interface AutoFill {
    OperationType value();
}

publicenum OperationType {
    INSERT,
    UPDATE
}

3.2 切面实现

@Aspect
@Component
@Slf4j
publicclassAutoFillAspect{
    
    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @Around("@annotation(autoFill)")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, AutoFill autoFill)throws Throwable {
        Object[] args = pjp.getArgs();
        for (Object arg : args) {
            if (arg instanceof BaseEntity) {
                fillFields((BaseEntity) arg, autoFill.value());
            }
        }
        return pjp.proceed(args);
    }

    privatevoidfillFields(BaseEntity entity, OperationType type){
        String currentUser = getCurrentUser();
        LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
        
        if (type == OperationType.INSERT) {
            entity.setCreateTime(now);
            entity.setCreateUser(currentUser);
        }
        entity.setUpdateTime(now);
        entity.setUpdateUser(currentUser);
    }
    
    // 获取当前用户(支持多线程环境)
    private String getCurrentUser(){
        return Optional.ofNullable(RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes())
                      .map(attrs -> (ServletRequestAttributes) attrs)
                      .map(ServletRequestAttributes::getRequest)
                      .map(req -> req.getHeader("X-User-Id"))
                      .orElse("system");
    }
}

四、生产环境最佳实践

4.1 多数据源适配

@Configuration
publicclassDataSourceConfig{
    
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.master")
    public DataSource masterDataSource(){
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }
    
    @Bean
    public MetaObjectHandler metaObjectHandler(){
        returnnew MultiDataSourceAutoFillHandler();
    }
}

publicclassMultiDataSourceAutoFillHandlerextendsMetaObjectHandler{
    // 根据当前数据源动态处理
}

4.2 分布式ID生成

publicclassSnowflakeIdGenerator{
    // 实现分布式ID生成
}

// 在自动填充中集成
@Override
publicvoidinsertFill(MetaObject metaObject){
    this.strictInsertFill(metaObject, "id", String.class, 
        idGenerator.nextId());
}

五、避坑指南:五大常见问题

5.1 空指针异常防护

// 使用Optional处理可能为空的情况
private String safeGetUser(){
    return Optional.ofNullable(SecurityContextHolder.getContext())
                 .map(SecurityContext::getAuthentication)
                 .map(Authentication::getPrincipal)
                 .map(principal -> {
                     if (principal instanceof UserDetails) {
                         return ((UserDetails) principal).getUsername();
                     }
                     return principal.toString();
                 })
                 .orElse("system");
}

5.2 字段覆盖问题

// 在实体类中使用@TableField策略
@TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT, updateStrategy = FieldStrategy.NEVER)
private String createUser;

六、性能优化方案

6.1 缓存当前用户信息

publicclassUserContextHolder{
    privatestaticfinal ThreadLocal<String> userHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();
    
    publicstaticvoidsetUser(String user){
        userHolder.set(user);
    }
    
    publicstatic String getUser(){
        return userHolder.get();
    }
    
    publicstaticvoidclear(){
        userHolder.remove();
    }
}

// 在拦截器中设置
publicclassUserInterceptorimplementsHandlerInterceptor{
    @Override
    publicbooleanpreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, 
                            HttpServletResponse response, 
                            Object handler){
        UserContextHolder.setUser(request.getHeader("X-User-Id"));
        returntrue;
    }
}

6.2 批量操作优化

@Transactional
publicvoidbatchInsert(List<Order> orders){
    // 提前获取公共字段值
    String user = getCurrentUser();
    LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
    
    orders.forEach(order -> {
        order.setCreateTime(now);
        order.setCreateUser(user);
        order.setUpdateTime(now);
        order.setUpdateUser(user);
    });
    
    orderMapper.batchInsert(orders);
}

七、监控与审计

7.1 审计日志集成

@EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener.class)
publicclassBaseEntity{
    @CreatedBy
    private String createUser;
    
    @LastModifiedBy
    private String updateUser;
    
    @CreatedDate
    private LocalDateTime createTime;
    
    @LastModifiedDate
    private LocalDateTime updateTime;
}

7.2 操作日志追踪

@Aspect
@Component
publicclassOperationLogAspect{
    
    @AfterReturning("@annotation(autoFill)")
    publicvoidlogOperation(AutoFill autoFill){
        LogEntry log = new LogEntry();
        log.setOperator(getCurrentUser());
        log.setOperationType(autoFill.value().name());
        logService.save(log);
    }
}

结语: 通过本文的六种方案组合使用,我们在生产环境中实现了:

最佳实践清单:

未来展望: 随着Spring Data JPA的演进,未来可以探索与Reactive编程的结合,实现全链路的非阻塞式自动填充。

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