Java线程池执行过程中遇到异常的原因和解决办法
作者：程序员小假
当线程池中线程频繁出现未捕获的异常,那线程的复用率就大大降低了,需要不断地创建新线程,所以本文通过详细的代码给大家介绍了Java线程池执行过程中遇到异常的解决办法,需要的朋友可以参考下
线程遇到未处理的异常就结束了
这个好理解，当线程出现未捕获异常的时候就执行不下去了，留给它的就是垃圾回收了。
线程池中线程频繁出现未捕获异常
当线程池中线程频繁出现未捕获的异常，那线程的复用率就大大降低了，需要不断地创建新线程。
做个实验：
public class ThreadExecutor {
private ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(200), new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("customThread %d").build());
@Test
public void test() {
IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 5).forEach(i -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {
int j = 1/0;
});});
}
}新建一个只有一个线程的线程池，每隔0.1s提交一个任务，任务中是一个1/0的计算。
Exception in thread "customThread 0" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) Exception in thread "customThread 1" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) Exception in thread "customThread 2" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) Exception in thread "customThread 3" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) Exception in thread "customThread 4" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) Exception in thread "customThread 5" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at thread.ThreadExecutor.lambda$null$0(ThreadExecutor.java:25) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
可见每次执行的线程都不一样，之前的线程都没有复用。原因是因为出现了未捕获的异常。
把异常捕获试试：
public class ThreadExecutor {
private ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(200), new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("customThread %d").build());
@Test
public void test() {
IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 5).forEach(i -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {
try {
int j = 1 / 0;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" "+ e.getMessage());
}
});
});
}
}customThread 0 / by zero customThread 0 / by zero customThread 0 / by zero customThread 0 / by zero customThread 0 / by zero
可见当异常捕获了，线程就可以复用了。
问题来了，代码中异常不可能全部捕获
如果要捕获那些没被业务代码捕获的异常，可以设置Thread类的uncaughtExceptionHandler属性。这时使用ThreadFactoryBuilder会比较方便，ThreadFactoryBuilder是guava提供的ThreadFactory生成器。
new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setNameFormat("customThread %d")
.setUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> System.out.println(t.getName() + "发生异常" + e.getCause()))
.build()修改之后：
public class ThreadExecutor {
private static ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(200),
new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setNameFormat("customThread %d")
.setUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> System.out.println("UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：" + t.getName() + "发生异常" + e.getMessage()))
.build());
@Test
public void test() {
IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 5).forEach(i -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行");
int j = 1 / 0;
});
});
}
}线程customThread 0执行 UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：customThread 0发生异常/ by zero 线程customThread 1执行 UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：customThread 1发生异常/ by zero 线程customThread 2执行 UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：customThread 2发生异常/ by zero 线程customThread 3执行 UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：customThread 3发生异常/ by zero 线程customThread 4执行 UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：customThread 4发生异常/ by zero
可见，结果并不是想象的那样，线程池中原有的线程没有复用！所以通过UncaughtExceptionHandler想将异常吞掉使线程复用这招貌似行不通。它只是做了一层异常的保底处理。
将excute改成submit试试
public class ThreadExecutor {
private static ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(200),
new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setNameFormat("customThread %d")
.setUncaughtExceptionHandler((t, e) -> System.out.println("UncaughtExceptionHandler捕获到：" + t.getName() + "发生异常" + e.getMessage()))
.build());
@Test
public void test() {
IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 5).forEach(i -> {
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Future<?> future = threadPoolExecutor.submit(() -> {
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "执行");
int j = 1 / 0;
});
try {
future.get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
}
}线程customThread 0执行 java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero 线程customThread 0执行 java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero 线程customThread 0执行 java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero 线程customThread 0执行 java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero 线程customThread 0执行 java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
通过submit提交线程可以屏蔽线程中产生的异常，达到线程复用。当get()执行结果时异常才会抛出。
原因是通过submit提交的线程，当发生异常时，会将异常保存，待future.get();时才会抛出。
这是Futuretask的部分run()方法，看setException：
public void run() {
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
set(result);
}
}
}
protected void setException(Throwable t) {
if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
outcome = t;
UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, EXCEPTIONAL); // final state
finishCompletion();
}
}将异常存在outcome对象中，没有抛出，再看get方法：
public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
int s = state;
if (s <= COMPLETING)
s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
return report(s);
}
private V report(int s) throws ExecutionException {
Object x = outcome;
if (s == NORMAL)
return (V)x;
if (s >= CANCELLED)
throw new CancellationException();
throw new ExecutionException((Throwable)x);
}当outcome是异常时才抛出。
总结
1、线程池中线程中异常尽量手动捕获
2、通过设置ThreadFactory的UncaughtExceptionHandler可以对未捕获的异常做保底处理，通过execute提交任务，线程依然会中断，而通过submit提交任务，可以获取线程执行结果，线程异常会在get执行结果时抛出。
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