Java中Stream API处理Map初始化的操作方法
作者:BirdMan98
Stream API提供了多种方式来实现Map的构建、存在则更新、不存在则添加的操作,本文通过实例代码介绍Java中Stream API处理Map初始化的操作方法,感兴趣的朋友一起看看吧
当然可以! Stream API 提供了多种方式来实现 Map 的构建、存在则更新、不存在则添加的操作。以下是几种常用的方法:
1. 使用Collectors.toMap()处理重复键
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
public class StreamMapOperations {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Person> people = Arrays.asList(
new Person("Alice", 25),
new Person("Bob", 30),
new Person("Alice", 28), // 重复的key
new Person("Charlie", 35)
);
// 方法1: 使用toMap的合并函数来处理重复键
Map<String, Integer> personMap = people.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(
Person::getName, // key映射器
Person::getAge, // value映射器
(existing, newValue) -> newValue // 合并函数:新值覆盖旧值
));
System.out.println("覆盖策略: " + personMap);
// 输出: {Alice=28, Bob=30, Charlie=35}
}
}
class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() { return name; }
public int getAge() { return age; }
}2. 不同的合并策略
// 合并函数的不同实现策略
Map<String, Integer> map1 = people.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(
Person::getName,
Person::getAge,
(oldValue, newValue) -> oldValue // 保留旧值
));
Map<String, Integer> map2 = people.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(
Person::getName,
Person::getAge,
(oldValue, newValue) -> oldValue + newValue // 求和
));
Map<String, List<Integer>> map3 = people.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(
Person::getName,
person -> new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(person.getAge())),
(oldList, newList) -> {
oldList.addAll(newList);
return oldList;
}
));
System.out.println("保留旧值: " + map1); // {Alice=25, Bob=30, Charlie=35}
System.out.println("求和: " + map2); // {Alice=53, Bob=30, Charlie=35}
System.out.println("收集所有值: " + map3); // {Alice=[25, 28], Bob=[30], Charlie=[35]}3. 复杂的对象操作
class Product {
private String category;
private String name;
private double price;
private int quantity;
public Product(String category, String name, double price, int quantity) {
this.category = category;
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
this.quantity = quantity;
}
// getters
public String getCategory() { return category; }
public String getName() { return name; }
public double getPrice() { return price; }
public int getQuantity() { return quantity; }
}
public class ComplexMapOperations {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Product> products = Arrays.asList(
new Product("Electronics", "Laptop", 1000, 2),
new Product("Electronics", "Phone", 500, 5),
new Product("Books", "Novel", 20, 10),
new Product("Electronics", "Laptop", 900, 3) // 重复商品,价格不同
);
// 按商品名称分组,计算总价值(价格*数量)
Map<String, Double> productValueMap = products.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(
Product::getName,
product -> product.getPrice() * product.getQuantity(),
Double::sum // 存在则累加
));
System.out.println("商品总价值: " + productValueMap);
// 输出: {Laptop=4700.0, Phone=2500.0, Novel=200.0}
}
}4. 分组收集器的高级用法
// 按类别分组,并收集每个类别的商品列表
Map<String, List<Product>> productsByCategory = products.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Product::getCategory));
// 按类别分组,并计算每个类别的总价值
Map<String, Double> categoryTotalValue = products.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(
Product::getCategory,
Collectors.summingDouble(p -> p.getPrice() * p.getQuantity())
));
// 按类别分组,并获取每个类别最贵的商品
Map<String, Optional<Product>> mostExpensiveByCategory = products.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(
Product::getCategory,
Collectors.maxBy(Comparator.comparingDouble(Product::getPrice))
));
System.out.println("按类别分组: " + productsByCategory.keySet());
System.out.println("类别总价值: " + categoryTotalValue);5. 自定义Map操作(更复杂的逻辑)
// 如果存在则更新,不存在则添加的复杂逻辑
Map<String, ProductStats> productStatsMap = products.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(
Product::getName,
product -> new ProductStats(1, product.getPrice() * product.getQuantity(), product.getPrice()),
(existingStats, newStats) -> {
// 存在则更新:数量累加,总价值累加,价格取平均值
int totalCount = existingStats.getCount() + newStats.getCount();
double totalValue = existingStats.getTotalValue() + newStats.getTotalValue();
double avgPrice = totalValue / (existingStats.getCount() + newStats.getCount());
return new ProductStats(totalCount, totalValue, avgPrice);
}
));
class ProductStats {
private int count;
private double totalValue;
private double averagePrice;
public ProductStats(int count, double totalValue, double averagePrice) {
this.count = count;
this.totalValue = totalValue;
this.averagePrice = averagePrice;
}
// getters and toString
}6. 使用collect的三参数版本
// 更底层的实现方式
Map<String, Integer> manualMap = products.stream()
.collect(
HashMap::new, // 供应商:创建新的Map
(map, product) -> {
// 累加器:处理每个元素
String key = product.getName();
int value = product.getQuantity();
map.merge(key, value, Integer::sum); // 存在则求和,不存在则添加
},
HashMap::putAll // 组合器:用于并行流
);7. 处理并发Map
// 线程安全的ConcurrentMap
ConcurrentMap<String, Integer> concurrentMap = products.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toConcurrentMap(
Product::getName,
Product::getQuantity,
Integer::sum
));
8. 完整的实战示例
public class CompleteMapExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Transaction> transactions = Arrays.asList(
new Transaction("ACC001", "DEPOSIT", 1000),
new Transaction("ACC001", "WITHDRAW", 200),
new Transaction("ACC002", "DEPOSIT", 500),
new Transaction("ACC001", "DEPOSIT", 300),
new Transaction("ACC003", "DEPOSIT", 1500)
);
// 按账户分组,计算余额(存款为正,取款为负)
Map<String, Double> accountBalances = transactions.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(
Transaction::getAccountNumber,
transaction -> {
double amount = transaction.getAmount();
if ("WITHDRAW".equals(transaction.getType())) {
amount = -amount;
}
return amount;
},
Double::sum // 存在则累加余额
));
System.out.println("账户余额:");
accountBalances.forEach((account, balance) ->
System.out.println(account + ": " + balance)
);
}
}
class Transaction {
private String accountNumber;
private String type;
private double amount;
public Transaction(String accountNumber, String type, double amount) {
this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
this.type = type;
this.amount = amount;
}
// getters
}关键总结
Collectors.toMap()是主要工具,第三个参数是合并函数- 合并函数
(oldValue, newValue) -> {...}决定了存在时的更新策略 - 多种策略:覆盖、累加、取最大值、收集到列表等
- 线程安全:使用
toConcurrentMap()处理并发场景 - 分组收集:
groupingBy()用于更复杂的分组操作
Stream API 提供了非常强大的 Map 操作能力,完全可以实现"存在则更新,不存在则添加"的需求!
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