Java中Stream API处理Map初始化的操作方法
作者:BirdMan98
Stream API提供了多种方式来实现Map的构建、存在则更新、不存在则添加的操作,本文通过实例代码介绍Java中Stream API处理Map初始化的操作方法,感兴趣的朋友一起看看吧
当然可以! Stream API 提供了多种方式来实现 Map 的构建、存在则更新、不存在则添加的操作。以下是几种常用的方法:
1. 使用Collectors.toMap()处理重复键
import java.util.*; import java.util.stream.Collectors; public class StreamMapOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> people = Arrays.asList( new Person("Alice", 25), new Person("Bob", 30), new Person("Alice", 28), // 重复的key new Person("Charlie", 35) ); // 方法1: 使用toMap的合并函数来处理重复键 Map<String, Integer> personMap = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.toMap( Person::getName, // key映射器 Person::getAge, // value映射器 (existing, newValue) -> newValue // 合并函数:新值覆盖旧值 )); System.out.println("覆盖策略: " + personMap); // 输出: {Alice=28, Bob=30, Charlie=35} } } class Person { private String name; private int age; public Person(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getAge() { return age; } }
2. 不同的合并策略
// 合并函数的不同实现策略 Map<String, Integer> map1 = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.toMap( Person::getName, Person::getAge, (oldValue, newValue) -> oldValue // 保留旧值 )); Map<String, Integer> map2 = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.toMap( Person::getName, Person::getAge, (oldValue, newValue) -> oldValue + newValue // 求和 )); Map<String, List<Integer>> map3 = people.stream() .collect(Collectors.toMap( Person::getName, person -> new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(person.getAge())), (oldList, newList) -> { oldList.addAll(newList); return oldList; } )); System.out.println("保留旧值: " + map1); // {Alice=25, Bob=30, Charlie=35} System.out.println("求和: " + map2); // {Alice=53, Bob=30, Charlie=35} System.out.println("收集所有值: " + map3); // {Alice=[25, 28], Bob=[30], Charlie=[35]}
3. 复杂的对象操作
class Product { private String category; private String name; private double price; private int quantity; public Product(String category, String name, double price, int quantity) { this.category = category; this.name = name; this.price = price; this.quantity = quantity; } // getters public String getCategory() { return category; } public String getName() { return name; } public double getPrice() { return price; } public int getQuantity() { return quantity; } } public class ComplexMapOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Product> products = Arrays.asList( new Product("Electronics", "Laptop", 1000, 2), new Product("Electronics", "Phone", 500, 5), new Product("Books", "Novel", 20, 10), new Product("Electronics", "Laptop", 900, 3) // 重复商品,价格不同 ); // 按商品名称分组,计算总价值(价格*数量) Map<String, Double> productValueMap = products.stream() .collect(Collectors.toMap( Product::getName, product -> product.getPrice() * product.getQuantity(), Double::sum // 存在则累加 )); System.out.println("商品总价值: " + productValueMap); // 输出: {Laptop=4700.0, Phone=2500.0, Novel=200.0} } }
4. 分组收集器的高级用法
// 按类别分组,并收集每个类别的商品列表 Map<String, List<Product>> productsByCategory = products.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Product::getCategory)); // 按类别分组,并计算每个类别的总价值 Map<String, Double> categoryTotalValue = products.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy( Product::getCategory, Collectors.summingDouble(p -> p.getPrice() * p.getQuantity()) )); // 按类别分组,并获取每个类别最贵的商品 Map<String, Optional<Product>> mostExpensiveByCategory = products.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy( Product::getCategory, Collectors.maxBy(Comparator.comparingDouble(Product::getPrice)) )); System.out.println("按类别分组: " + productsByCategory.keySet()); System.out.println("类别总价值: " + categoryTotalValue);
5. 自定义Map操作(更复杂的逻辑)
// 如果存在则更新,不存在则添加的复杂逻辑 Map<String, ProductStats> productStatsMap = products.stream() .collect(Collectors.toMap( Product::getName, product -> new ProductStats(1, product.getPrice() * product.getQuantity(), product.getPrice()), (existingStats, newStats) -> { // 存在则更新:数量累加,总价值累加,价格取平均值 int totalCount = existingStats.getCount() + newStats.getCount(); double totalValue = existingStats.getTotalValue() + newStats.getTotalValue(); double avgPrice = totalValue / (existingStats.getCount() + newStats.getCount()); return new ProductStats(totalCount, totalValue, avgPrice); } )); class ProductStats { private int count; private double totalValue; private double averagePrice; public ProductStats(int count, double totalValue, double averagePrice) { this.count = count; this.totalValue = totalValue; this.averagePrice = averagePrice; } // getters and toString }
6. 使用collect的三参数版本
// 更底层的实现方式 Map<String, Integer> manualMap = products.stream() .collect( HashMap::new, // 供应商:创建新的Map (map, product) -> { // 累加器:处理每个元素 String key = product.getName(); int value = product.getQuantity(); map.merge(key, value, Integer::sum); // 存在则求和,不存在则添加 }, HashMap::putAll // 组合器:用于并行流 );
7. 处理并发Map
// 线程安全的ConcurrentMap ConcurrentMap<String, Integer> concurrentMap = products.stream() .collect(Collectors.toConcurrentMap( Product::getName, Product::getQuantity, Integer::sum ));
8. 完整的实战示例
public class CompleteMapExample { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Transaction> transactions = Arrays.asList( new Transaction("ACC001", "DEPOSIT", 1000), new Transaction("ACC001", "WITHDRAW", 200), new Transaction("ACC002", "DEPOSIT", 500), new Transaction("ACC001", "DEPOSIT", 300), new Transaction("ACC003", "DEPOSIT", 1500) ); // 按账户分组,计算余额(存款为正,取款为负) Map<String, Double> accountBalances = transactions.stream() .collect(Collectors.toMap( Transaction::getAccountNumber, transaction -> { double amount = transaction.getAmount(); if ("WITHDRAW".equals(transaction.getType())) { amount = -amount; } return amount; }, Double::sum // 存在则累加余额 )); System.out.println("账户余额:"); accountBalances.forEach((account, balance) -> System.out.println(account + ": " + balance) ); } } class Transaction { private String accountNumber; private String type; private double amount; public Transaction(String accountNumber, String type, double amount) { this.accountNumber = accountNumber; this.type = type; this.amount = amount; } // getters }
关键总结
Collectors.toMap()
是主要工具,第三个参数是合并函数- 合并函数
(oldValue, newValue) -> {...}
决定了存在时的更新策略 - 多种策略:覆盖、累加、取最大值、收集到列表等
- 线程安全:使用
toConcurrentMap()
处理并发场景 - 分组收集:
groupingBy()
用于更复杂的分组操作
Stream API 提供了非常强大的 Map 操作能力,完全可以实现"存在则更新,不存在则添加"的需求!
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