Java生成微信小程序二维码完整实例代码
作者:.也许.
微信小程序是一种轻量级的应用程序,用户无需下载安装即可使用,因此受到了广泛的欢迎,这篇文章主要介绍了Java生成微信小程序二维码的相关资料,包含上传图片、参数传递及二维码生成逻辑,详细说明了各组件作用及使用方法,需要的朋友可以参考下
1. java 二维码生成工具类
import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject;
import com.pdatao.api.controller.file.FileController;
import com.pdatao.api.error.CommunityException;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
@Component
public class MpQrCodeUtil {
@Resource
FileController fileController;
@Value("${mp.wechat.appid}")
private String mpAppId;
@Value("${mp.wechat.secret}")
private String mpSecretId;
@Value("${qrcode.pageHome}")
private String pageHome;
@Value("${spring.profiles.active:}")
private String activeProfile;
private static final String API_GET_TOKEN = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=%s&secret=%s";
private static final String API_GET_QR_CODE = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/wxa/getwxacodeunlimit?access_token=%s";
private static String cachedToken = null;
private static long tokenExpireTime = 0;
public String getMpQRCode(Long orderId, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
String scenes = "id=" + orderId + "&v=1";
String envVersion = "";
if ("prod-plus".equals(activeProfile)) {
envVersion = "release";
}
return this.getQRCodeWeb(scenes,envVersion,orderId,request);
}
public String getQRCodeWeb(String scenes, String envVersion, Long orderId, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
String accessToken = getToken(mpAppId, mpSecretId);
return getQRCode(accessToken, scenes, envVersion, orderId, request);
}
public static String getToken(String appId, String appSecret) throws Exception {
// 1. 检查缓存是否有效
if (cachedToken != null && System.currentTimeMillis() < tokenExpireTime) {
return cachedToken;
}
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
String url = String.format(API_GET_TOKEN, appId, appSecret);
conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
conn.setReadTimeout(5000);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
int statusCode = conn.getResponseCode();
if (statusCode != 200) {
// 读取错误流
String errorJson = IOUtils.toString(conn.getErrorStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
throw new CommunityException("微信接口错误: " + errorJson);
}
JSONObject result = new JSONObject(IOUtils.toString(conn.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
cachedToken = result.getStr("access_token");
long expiresIn = result.getLong("expires_in") * 1000; // 转为毫秒
tokenExpireTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + expiresIn - 600_000;
return cachedToken;
} finally {
if (conn != null) conn.disconnect();
}
}
public String getQRCode(String accessToken, String scenes, String envVersion, Long orderId, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(String.format(API_GET_QR_CODE, accessToken));
httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");// 提交模式
// 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
// 发送请求参数
com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject paramJson = new com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject();
paramJson.put("scene", scenes);
paramJson.put("page", pageHome);
paramJson.put("env_version", StrUtil.isNotEmpty(envVersion) ? envVersion : "trial");
paramJson.put("check_path", false);
try (PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(httpURLConnection.getOutputStream())) {
printWriter.write(paramJson.toString());
printWriter.flush();
}
// 检查响应码
int responseCode = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
if (responseCode != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
cachedToken = null;
throw new CommunityException("生成二维码失败:HTTP错误码 " + responseCode);
}
// 检查内容类型
String contentType = httpURLConnection.getContentType();
if (contentType == null || !contentType.startsWith("image/")) {
cachedToken = null;
throw new CommunityException("生成二维码失败:接口返回非图片数据(" + (contentType != null ? contentType : "未知内容类型") + ")");
}
try (InputStream is = httpURLConnection.getInputStream(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();) {
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = -1;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
byte[] imageData = baos.toByteArray();
// 简单验证是否是有效图片(可选)
if (imageData.length == 0) {
cachedToken = null;
throw new CommunityException("生成二维码失败:返回空图片数据");
}
MultipartFile multipartFile = new ByteArrayMultipartFile(
orderId + "_mpqrcode", // 表单字段名
orderId + "_mpqrcode.png", // 文件名
"image/png", // 内容类型
imageData // 内容
);
com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject json = fileController.upload(multipartFile,request);
if (json == null || !json.containsKey("url")) {
throw new CommunityException("上传图片失败:响应数据异常");
}
return json.getString("url");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new CommunityException("生成二维码失败:"+e.getMessage());
} finally {
if (httpURLConnection != null) {
httpURLConnection.disconnect();
}
}
}
}
2. 部分可自行调整的代码解释
FileController: 我自己的上传图片到服务器的类
mpAppId: 小程序appid
mpSecretId: 小程序 SecretId
pageHome: 要跳转的小程序的页面地址(例如: ‘pages/userInfo/userInfoHome’)
activeProfile: 我自己的判断当前运行环境的配置(可以忽略)
@Resource
FileController fileController;
@Value("${mp.wechat.appid}")
private String mpAppId;
@Value("${mp.wechat.secret}")
private String mpSecretId;
@Value("${qrcode.pageHome}")
private String pageHome;
@Value("${spring.profiles.active:}")
private String activeProfile;getMpQRCode 外部调用的方法,自定义自己需要传入什么值
Long orderId : 这个是我为了生成二维码路径时携带的参数
HttpServletRequest request: 这个参数,和二维码生成逻辑没有任何关系,我这里使用只是因为上传图片的地方需要这个值,这个比较冗余
scenes: 定义页面地址携带什么参数
if ("prod-plus".equals(activeProfile)) {
envVersion = "release";
} 这个是为了判断生成什么环境的二维码图片(正式版/ 体验版) public String getMpQRCode(Long orderId, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
String scenes = "id=" + orderId + "&v=1";
String envVersion = "";
if ("prod-plus".equals(activeProfile)) {
envVersion = "release";
}
return this.getQRCodeWeb(scenes,envVersion,orderId,request);
}imageData : 这个就是生成的二维码图片信息
下面的其他信息,都是为了把这个图片的信息,上传到自己项目中保存,最终返回图片地址
byte[] imageData = baos.toByteArray();
// 简单验证是否是有效图片(可选)
if (imageData.length == 0) {
throw new CommunityException("生成核销二维码失败:返回空图片数据");
}
MultipartFile multipartFile = new ByteArrayMultipartFile(
orderId + "_mpqrcode", // 表单字段名
orderId + "_mpqrcode.png", // 文件名
"image/png", // 内容类型
imageData // 内容
);
com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject json = fileController.upload(multipartFile,request);
if (json == null || !json.containsKey("url")) {
throw new CommunityException("上传二维码失败:响应数据异常");
}
return json.getString("url");3.小程序中获取携带的参数
以我上述的参数为例:(微信小程序使用的 uniapp)
onLoad(option) {
if (option.scene) {
const scene = decodeURIComponent(option.scene);
const params = this.parseSceneParams(scene);
console.log(params.id)
console.log(params.v)
}
},
methods: {
parseSceneParams(scene) {
const params = {};
if (!scene) return params;
const pairs = scene.split('&');
pairs.forEach(pair => {
const [key, value] = pair.split('=');
if (key) params[key] = value;
});
return params;
},
}总结
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