Java生成微信小程序二维码完整实例代码
作者:.也许.
微信小程序是一种轻量级的应用程序,用户无需下载安装即可使用,因此受到了广泛的欢迎,这篇文章主要介绍了Java生成微信小程序二维码的相关资料,包含上传图片、参数传递及二维码生成逻辑,详细说明了各组件作用及使用方法,需要的朋友可以参考下
1. java 二维码生成工具类
import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil; import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject; import com.pdatao.api.controller.file.FileController; import com.pdatao.api.error.CommunityException; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; import javax.annotation.Resource; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; @Component public class MpQrCodeUtil { @Resource FileController fileController; @Value("${mp.wechat.appid}") private String mpAppId; @Value("${mp.wechat.secret}") private String mpSecretId; @Value("${qrcode.pageHome}") private String pageHome; @Value("${spring.profiles.active:}") private String activeProfile; private static final String API_GET_TOKEN = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=%s&secret=%s"; private static final String API_GET_QR_CODE = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/wxa/getwxacodeunlimit?access_token=%s"; private static String cachedToken = null; private static long tokenExpireTime = 0; public String getMpQRCode(Long orderId, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { String scenes = "id=" + orderId + "&v=1"; String envVersion = ""; if ("prod-plus".equals(activeProfile)) { envVersion = "release"; } return this.getQRCodeWeb(scenes,envVersion,orderId,request); } public String getQRCodeWeb(String scenes, String envVersion, Long orderId, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { String accessToken = getToken(mpAppId, mpSecretId); return getQRCode(accessToken, scenes, envVersion, orderId, request); } public static String getToken(String appId, String appSecret) throws Exception { // 1. 检查缓存是否有效 if (cachedToken != null && System.currentTimeMillis() < tokenExpireTime) { return cachedToken; } HttpURLConnection conn = null; try { String url = String.format(API_GET_TOKEN, appId, appSecret); conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection(); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); conn.setReadTimeout(5000); conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); int statusCode = conn.getResponseCode(); if (statusCode != 200) { // 读取错误流 String errorJson = IOUtils.toString(conn.getErrorStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8); throw new CommunityException("微信接口错误: " + errorJson); } JSONObject result = new JSONObject(IOUtils.toString(conn.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); cachedToken = result.getStr("access_token"); long expiresIn = result.getLong("expires_in") * 1000; // 转为毫秒 tokenExpireTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + expiresIn - 600_000; return cachedToken; } finally { if (conn != null) conn.disconnect(); } } public String getQRCode(String accessToken, String scenes, String envVersion, Long orderId, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null; try { URL url = new URL(String.format(API_GET_QR_CODE, accessToken)); httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");// 提交模式 // 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行 httpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true); httpURLConnection.setDoInput(true); // 发送请求参数 com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject paramJson = new com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject(); paramJson.put("scene", scenes); paramJson.put("page", pageHome); paramJson.put("env_version", StrUtil.isNotEmpty(envVersion) ? envVersion : "trial"); paramJson.put("check_path", false); try (PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(httpURLConnection.getOutputStream())) { printWriter.write(paramJson.toString()); printWriter.flush(); } // 检查响应码 int responseCode = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode(); if (responseCode != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { cachedToken = null; throw new CommunityException("生成二维码失败:HTTP错误码 " + responseCode); } // 检查内容类型 String contentType = httpURLConnection.getContentType(); if (contentType == null || !contentType.startsWith("image/")) { cachedToken = null; throw new CommunityException("生成二维码失败:接口返回非图片数据(" + (contentType != null ? contentType : "未知内容类型") + ")"); } try (InputStream is = httpURLConnection.getInputStream(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();) { byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = -1; while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) { baos.write(buffer, 0, len); } byte[] imageData = baos.toByteArray(); // 简单验证是否是有效图片(可选) if (imageData.length == 0) { cachedToken = null; throw new CommunityException("生成二维码失败:返回空图片数据"); } MultipartFile multipartFile = new ByteArrayMultipartFile( orderId + "_mpqrcode", // 表单字段名 orderId + "_mpqrcode.png", // 文件名 "image/png", // 内容类型 imageData // 内容 ); com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject json = fileController.upload(multipartFile,request); if (json == null || !json.containsKey("url")) { throw new CommunityException("上传图片失败:响应数据异常"); } return json.getString("url"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); throw new CommunityException("生成二维码失败:"+e.getMessage()); } finally { if (httpURLConnection != null) { httpURLConnection.disconnect(); } } } }
2. 部分可自行调整的代码解释
FileController: 我自己的上传图片到服务器的类
mpAppId: 小程序appid
mpSecretId: 小程序 SecretId
pageHome: 要跳转的小程序的页面地址(例如: ‘pages/userInfo/userInfoHome’)
activeProfile: 我自己的判断当前运行环境的配置(可以忽略)
@Resource FileController fileController; @Value("${mp.wechat.appid}") private String mpAppId; @Value("${mp.wechat.secret}") private String mpSecretId; @Value("${qrcode.pageHome}") private String pageHome; @Value("${spring.profiles.active:}") private String activeProfile;
getMpQRCode 外部调用的方法,自定义自己需要传入什么值
Long orderId : 这个是我为了生成二维码路径时携带的参数
HttpServletRequest request: 这个参数,和二维码生成逻辑没有任何关系,我这里使用只是因为上传图片的地方需要这个值,这个比较冗余
scenes: 定义页面地址携带什么参数
if ("prod-plus".equals(activeProfile)) { envVersion = "release"; } 这个是为了判断生成什么环境的二维码图片(正式版/ 体验版)
public String getMpQRCode(Long orderId, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception { String scenes = "id=" + orderId + "&v=1"; String envVersion = ""; if ("prod-plus".equals(activeProfile)) { envVersion = "release"; } return this.getQRCodeWeb(scenes,envVersion,orderId,request); }
imageData : 这个就是生成的二维码图片信息
下面的其他信息,都是为了把这个图片的信息,上传到自己项目中保存,最终返回图片地址
byte[] imageData = baos.toByteArray(); // 简单验证是否是有效图片(可选) if (imageData.length == 0) { throw new CommunityException("生成核销二维码失败:返回空图片数据"); } MultipartFile multipartFile = new ByteArrayMultipartFile( orderId + "_mpqrcode", // 表单字段名 orderId + "_mpqrcode.png", // 文件名 "image/png", // 内容类型 imageData // 内容 ); com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject json = fileController.upload(multipartFile,request); if (json == null || !json.containsKey("url")) { throw new CommunityException("上传二维码失败:响应数据异常"); } return json.getString("url");
3.小程序中获取携带的参数
以我上述的参数为例:(微信小程序使用的 uniapp)
onLoad(option) { if (option.scene) { const scene = decodeURIComponent(option.scene); const params = this.parseSceneParams(scene); console.log(params.id) console.log(params.v) } }, methods: { parseSceneParams(scene) { const params = {}; if (!scene) return params; const pairs = scene.split('&'); pairs.forEach(pair => { const [key, value] = pair.split('='); if (key) params[key] = value; }); return params; }, }
总结
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