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iOS中实现音视频合并的完整代码

作者：90后晨仔

在 iOS 中,合并音视频通常涉及将多个音频文件、视频文件或音频与视频轨道组合成一个完整的媒体文件,以下是使用 AVFoundation 框架的详细实现方案,涵盖音频合并、视频合并以及音视频合并的完整代码示例,需要的朋友可以参考下

1. 音频合并（多段音频拼接）

将多个音频文件（如 .mp3、.m4a）合并为一个音频文件。

代码示例

// 合并音频文件（支持 .mp3/.m4a 等格式）
- (void)mergeAudioFiles:(NSArray<NSURL *> *)audioURLs completion:(void (^)(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error))completion {
    // 1. 创建 AVMutableComposition 对象
    AVMutableComposition *composition = [AVMutableComposition composition];
    
    // 2. 添加音频轨道
    AVMutableCompositionTrack *audioTrack = [composition addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
    
    // 3. 插入每个音频文件到轨道中
    CMTime currentTime = kCMTimeZero;
    for (NSURL *url in audioURLs) {
        AVURLAsset *asset = [AVURLAsset URLAssetWithURL:url options:nil];
        AVAssetTrack *assetTrack = [[asset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio] firstObject];
        [audioTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, asset.duration)
                         ofTrack:assetTrack
                          atTime:currentTime
                           error:nil];
        currentTime = CMTimeAdd(currentTime, asset.duration);
    }
    
    // 4. 导出合并后的音频
    AVAssetExportSession *exportSession = [[AVAssetExportSession alloc] initWithAsset:composition presetName:AVAssetExportPresetAppleM4A];
    NSString *outputPath = [NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"mergedAudio.m4a"];
    exportSession.outputURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath];
    exportSession.outputFileType = AVFileTypeAppleM4A;
    
    [exportSession exportAsynchronouslyWithCompletionHandler:^{
        if (exportSession.status == AVAssetExportSessionStatusCompleted) {
            NSLog(@"音频合并成功: %@", outputPath);
            if (completion) completion([NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath], nil);
        } else {
            NSError *error = exportSession.error;
            NSLog(@"音频合并失败: %@", error.localizedDescription);
            if (completion) completion(nil, error);
        }
    }];
}

使用方法

// 示例：合并两个音频文件
NSArray<NSURL *> *audioURLs = @[
    [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"audio1" ofType:@"mp3"]],
    [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"audio2" ofType:@"mp3"]]
];

[self mergeAudioFiles:audioURLs completion:^(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error) {
    if (outputURL) {
        NSLog(@"合并后的音频路径: %@", outputURL.path);
    }
}];

2. 视频合并（多段视频拼接）

将多个视频文件（如 .mp4）合并为一个视频文件。

代码示例

// 合并视频文件（支持 .mp4 等格式）
- (void)mergeVideoFiles:(NSArray<NSURL *> *)videoURLs completion:(void (^)(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error))completion {
    // 1. 创建 AVMutableComposition 对象
    AVMutableComposition *composition = [AVMutableComposition composition];
    
    // 2. 添加视频轨道和音频轨道
    AVMutableCompositionTrack *videoTrack = [composition addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
    AVMutableCompositionTrack *audioTrack = [composition addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
    
    // 3. 插入每个视频文件到轨道中
    CMTime currentTime = kCMTimeZero;
    for (NSURL *url in videoURLs) {
        AVURLAsset *asset = [AVURLAsset URLAssetWithURL:url options:nil];
        AVAssetTrack *videoAssetTrack = [[asset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] firstObject];
        AVAssetTrack *audioAssetTrack = [[asset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio] firstObject];
        
        [videoTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, asset.duration)
                         ofTrack:videoAssetTrack
                          atTime:currentTime
                           error:nil];
        [audioTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, asset.duration)
                         ofTrack:audioAssetTrack
                          atTime:currentTime
                           error:nil];
        currentTime = CMTimeAdd(currentTime, asset.duration);
    }
    
    // 4. 导出合并后的视频
    AVAssetExportSession *exportSession = [[AVAssetExportSession alloc] initWithAsset:composition presetName:AVAssetExportPresetHighestQuality];
    NSString *outputPath = [NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"mergedVideo.mp4"];
    exportSession.outputURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath];
    exportSession.outputFileType = AVFileTypeMPEG4;
    
    [exportSession exportAsynchronouslyWithCompletionHandler:^{
        if (exportSession.status == AVAssetExportSessionStatusCompleted) {
            NSLog(@"视频合并成功: %@", outputPath);
            if (completion) completion([NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath], nil);
        } else {
            NSError *error = exportSession.error;
            NSLog(@"视频合并失败: %@", error.localizedDescription);
            if (completion) completion(nil, error);
        }
    }];
}

使用方法

// 示例：合并两个视频文件
NSArray<NSURL *> *videoURLs = @[
    [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"video1" ofType:@"mp4"]],
    [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"video2" ofType:@"mp4"]]
];

[self mergeVideoFiles:videoURLs completion:^(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error) {
    if (outputURL) {
        NSLog(@"合并后的视频路径: %@", outputURL.path);
    }
}];

3. 音视频合并（将音频与视频组合）

将独立的音频文件和视频文件合并为一个包含音视频的媒体文件。

代码示例

// 合并音频与视频
- (void)mergeAudio:(NSURL *)audioURL withVideo:(NSURL *)videoURL completion:(void (^)(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error))completion {
    // 1. 创建 AVMutableComposition 对象
    AVMutableComposition *composition = [AVMutableComposition composition];
    
    // 2. 添加视频轨道
    AVMutableCompositionTrack *videoTrack = [composition addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
    AVURLAsset *videoAsset = [AVURLAsset URLAssetWithURL:videoURL options:nil];
    AVAssetTrack *videoAssetTrack = [[videoAsset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] firstObject];
    [videoTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, videoAsset.duration)
                     ofTrack:videoAssetTrack
                      atTime:kCMTimeZero
                       error:nil];
    
    // 3. 添加音频轨道
    AVMutableCompositionTrack *audioTrack = [composition addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
    AVURLAsset *audioAsset = [AVURLAsset URLAssetWithURL:audioURL options:nil];
    AVAssetTrack *audioAssetTrack = [[audioAsset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio] firstObject];
    [audioTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, audioAsset.duration)
                     ofTrack:audioAssetTrack
                      atTime:kCMTimeZero
                       error:nil];
    
    // 4. 导出合并后的音视频
    AVAssetExportSession *exportSession = [[AVAssetExportSession alloc] initWithAsset:composition presetName:AVAssetExportPresetHighestQuality];
    NSString *outputPath = [NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"mergedMedia.mp4"];
    exportSession.outputURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath];
    exportSession.outputFileType = AVFileTypeMPEG4;
    
    [exportSession exportAsynchronouslyWithCompletionHandler:^{
        if (exportSession.status == AVAssetExportSessionStatusCompleted) {
            NSLog(@"音视频合并成功: %@", outputPath);
            if (completion) completion([NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath], nil);
        } else {
            NSError *error = exportSession.error;
            NSLog(@"音视频合并失败: %@", error.localizedDescription);
            if (completion) completion(nil, error);
        }
    }];
}

使用方法

// 示例：合并一个音频和一个视频文件
NSURL *audioURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"backgroundMusic" ofType:@"mp3"]];
NSURL *videoURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"video" ofType:@"mp4"]];

[self mergeAudio:audioURL withVideo:videoURL completion:^(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error) {
    if (outputURL) {
        NSLog(@"合并后的音视频路径: %@", outputURL.path);
    }
}];

4. 注意事项

5. 第三方工具推荐

如果需要更复杂的音视频处理（如裁剪、滤镜、转码），可以结合以下工具：

通过以上方案，你可以高效地实现 iOS 平台上的音视频合并功能，适用于短视频拼接、音乐创作、播客制作等场景。

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