Java微信公众号模板消息推送功能实例代码
作者:振宇i
一、公众号开发者平台相关参数获取
如下图所示, 需要获取:
开发者ID(AppID)
开发者密码(AppSecret)
二、官方发送接口
实际调用接口填下如下参数即可:
touser template_id data
三、消息发送util类
import cn.hutool.json.JSON; import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject; import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.ParseException; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import java.io.IOException; public class WeChatTemplateUtil { // 本地测试 public static void main(String[] args) { String accessToken = "xxx"; String touser = "xxx"; //openid String templateId = "xxxx"; JSONObject body = new JSONObject(); body.put("touser", touser); body.put("template_id", templateId); // 封装消息体 JSONObject data = new JSONObject(); data.put("character_string2", new JSONObject().put("value","111")); data.put("thing3", new JSONObject().put("value","222")); data.put("amount5", new JSONObject().put("value", "333")); body.put("data", data); System.out.println("Request Body: " + body.toString()); try { String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=" + accessToken; // String response = sendPost(url, body.toString()); String response = sendPostJsonStr(url, body.toString()); System.out.println(response); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 获取微信token * grantType 写死的值,填client_credential即可 * appId 微信开发平台里找 * secret 微信开发平台里找 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String getWeChatToken() throws Exception{ String grantType = "client_credential"; //写死 String appId = "123"; String secret = "123"; String tokenUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token"; String params = "grant_type=" + grantType + "&appid=" + appId + "&secret=" + secret; String tokenResponse = WeChatHttpUtils.sendGet(tokenUrl, params); JSON parse = JSONUtil.parseObj(tokenResponse); return parse.getByPath("access_token").toString(); } /** * 推送水费欠费模板提示消息 * @param accessToken 微信token * @param touser 关注此公众号的人员的openid * @param acccountNo 户号 * @param accountName 户名 * @param money 欠费金额 */ public static void sendWeChatTemplateMessage(String accessToken, String touser, String acccountNo, String accountName, String money) { // 模板ID String templateId = "xxxx"; JSONObject body = new JSONObject(); body.put("touser", touser); body.put("template_id", templateId); // 封装消息体 JSONObject data = new JSONObject(); data.put("character_string2", new JSONObject().put("value",acccountNo)); data.put("thing3", new JSONObject().put("value",accountName)); data.put("amount5", new JSONObject().put("value", money)); body.put("data", data); try { String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=" + accessToken; sendPostJsonStr(url, body.toString()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 以jsonString形式发送HttpPost的Json请求,String形式返回响应结果 * * @param url * @param jsonString * @return */ private static String sendPostJsonStr(String url, String jsonString) throws IOException { if (jsonString == null || jsonString.isEmpty()) { return sendPost(url); } String resp = ""; StringEntity entityStr = new StringEntity(jsonString, ContentType.create("text/plain", "UTF-8")); CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); httpPost.setEntity(entityStr); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); resp = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"); EntityUtils.consume(entity); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (response != null) { try { response.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } if (resp == null || resp.equals("")) { return ""; } return resp; } /** * 发送不带参数的HttpPost请求 * * @param url * @return */ private static String sendPost(String url) throws IOException { // 1.获得一个httpclient对象 CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 2.生成一个post请求 HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { // 3.执行get请求并返回结果 response = httpclient.execute(httppost); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } // 4.处理结果,这里将结果返回为字符串 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); String result = null; try { result = EntityUtils.toString(entity); } catch (ParseException | IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return result; } }
四、示例模板
如下图所示, 模板中的变量名分别character_string2, thing3, amount5
所以三种的util的JSONObject中put的三个变量名一一对应,不能有错
五、接口调用示例
1、controller
@PostMapping("/pushMessage") @Operation(summary = "微信公众号推送消息") public CommonResult<Boolean> pushMessage() throws Exception { pushService.pushMessage(); return success(true); }
2、service
/** * 微信公众号推送消息 */ void pushMessage() throws Exception;
3、serviceimpl
@Override public void pushMessage() throws Exception { // 获取微信公众号的token String weChatToken = WeChatTemplateUtil.getWeChatToken(); // 推送消息(测试用) WeChatTemplateUtil.sendWeChatTemplateMessage(weChatToken, "openid", "accountNo", "accountName", "money"); }
六、注意项
1、JSONObject包选择
博主之前一直用的fastjson包引入的JSONObject, 但是
这一步操作的时候一直值放不进去,一直为空
为空示例:
new JSONObject().put("value",acccountNo)
不为空示例:
JSONObject data = new JSONObject() JSONObject acccountNo= new JSONObject() acccountNo.put("value",acccountNo) data.put("acccountNo", acccountNo)
后面改用hutool的包引入JSONObject,
new JSONObject().put("value",acccountNo)
就可以直接成功put进值
2、微信token接口
获取微信的token接口次数每日上限2000次,所以如果要发送大量消息,请获取一次access_token,然后批量调用发送接口,不要调一次发一次
3、发送失败解决
请求接口的时候一定要把access_token拼到url上,不要放入body中,不然调用会失败
如果返回"errcode":47001,"errmsg":"data format error 则是因为发送的数据格式不对
但是即使格式对了,某些情况下依旧会返回如上错误. 博主踩坑了一天后才发现, 因为发送http的post请求如果构建不对依旧会报47001!
所以建议报了47001后,先把请求的参数放到postman等工具中测试了, 排除掉不是自己数据体构建得有问题后, 再去排查自己的post请求代码
7、建议
appid, template_id, sercet这些可以写在yml的配置项中, 灵活一点不建议写死
总结
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