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使用IntelliJ IDEA创建简单的Java Web项目完整步骤

作者:终将老去的穷苦程序员

这篇文章主要介绍了如何使用IntelliJ IDEA创建一个简单的JavaWeb项目,实现登录、注册和查看用户列表功能,使用Servlet和JSP技术,文中通过代码介绍的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考下

以下是使用 IntelliJ IDEA 创建几个简单的 Java Web 项目的步骤,每个项目实现基本的登录、注册和查看列表功能,依赖 Servlet/JSP 和基本的 Java Web 开发。

前置准备

项目功能实现步骤

1. 创建项目

2. 配置 Tomcat

3. 项目文件结构

创建后的项目基本结构如下:

SimpleLoginApp/
├── src/main/java/
│   └── com.example.controller/
│       ├── LoginServlet.java
│       ├── RegisterServlet.java
│       ├── UserListServlet.java
│       └── DatabaseConnection.java
├── src/main/resources/
├── src/main/webapp/
│   ├── WEB-INF/
│   │   ├── web.xml
│   ├── index.jsp
│   ├── login.jsp
│   ├── register.jsp
│   └── userlist.jsp

4. 创建数据库和表

使用 MySQL 创建一个简单的 user 表,用于存储用户名、密码等信息。

CREATE DATABASE simple_login_app;

USE simple_login_app;

CREATE TABLE user (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(100),
    gender ENUM('male', 'female', 'other'),
    birthday DATE
);

5. 实现功能

1. 数据库连接工具类

在 com.example.controller 包中创建 DatabaseConnection.java

package com.example.controller;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;

public class DatabaseConnection {
    private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/simple_login_app";
    private static final String USER = "root";
    private static final String PASSWORD = "your_password";

    public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {
        Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        return DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
    }
}

2. 登录功能

在 com.example.controller 包中创建 LoginServlet.java

package com.example.controller;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");

        try (Connection conn = DatabaseConnection.getConnection()) {
            String query = "SELECT * FROM user WHERE username = ? AND password = ?";
            PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(query);
            stmt.setString(1, username);
            stmt.setString(2, password);

            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();
            if (rs.next()) {
                request.getSession().setAttribute("username", username);
                response.sendRedirect("userlist.jsp");
            } else {
                response.getWriter().println("<h3>Invalid username or password</h3>");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3. 注册功能

在 com.example.controller 包中创建 RegisterServlet.java

package com.example.controller;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;

public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        String email = request.getParameter("email");
        String gender = request.getParameter("gender");
        String birthday = request.getParameter("birthday");

        try (Connection conn = DatabaseConnection.getConnection()) {
            String query = "INSERT INTO user (username, password, email, gender, birthday) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
            PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(query);
            stmt.setString(1, username);
            stmt.setString(2, password);
            stmt.setString(3, email);
            stmt.setString(4, gender);
            stmt.setString(5, birthday);

            stmt.executeUpdate();
            response.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4. 查看用户列表功能

在 com.example.controller 包中创建 UserListServlet.java

package com.example.controller;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

public class UserListServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        try (Connection conn = DatabaseConnection.getConnection()) {
            String query = "SELECT * FROM user";
            PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(query);

            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();
            request.setAttribute("users", rs);
            RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("userlist.jsp");
            dispatcher.forward(request, response);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

5. JSP 页面

<form action="LoginServlet" method="post">
    用户名: <input type="text" name="username" required><br>
    密码: <input type="password" name="password" required><br>
    <button type="submit">登录</button>
</form>
<form action="RegisterServlet" method="post">
    用户名: <input type="text" name="username" required><br>
    密码: <input type="password" name="password" required><br>
    邮箱: <input type="email" name="email"><br>
    性别: 
    <select name="gender">
        <option value="male">男</option>
        <option value="female">女</option>
        <option value="other">其他</option>
    </select><br>
    生日: <input type="date" name="birthday"><br>
    <button type="submit">注册</button>
</form>
<%@ page import="java.sql.ResultSet" %>
<%
    ResultSet rs = (ResultSet) request.getAttribute("users");
%>
<table border="1">
    <tr>
        <th>用户名</th>
        <th>邮箱</th>
        <th>性别</th>
        <th>生日</th>
    </tr>
    <%
        while (rs.next()) {
    %>
    <tr>
        <td><%= rs.getString("username") %></td>
        <td><%= rs.getString("email") %></td>
        <td><%= rs.getString("gender") %></td>
        <td><%= rs.getDate("birthday") %></td>
    </tr>
    <%
        }
    %>
</table>

6. 配置 web.xml

<web-app>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.example.controller.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/LoginServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.example.controller.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/RegisterServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>UserListServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.example.controller.UserListServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>UserListServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/UserListServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

启动项目

这样就可以实现一个基础的 Java Web 应用。如果有更多需求,可以继续扩展!

总结

到此这篇关于使用IntelliJ IDEA创建简单的Java Web项目的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关IDEA创建Java Web项目内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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