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Springboot使用Rabbitmq的延时队列+死信队列实现消息延期消费

作者：WalkerShen

本文介绍了RabbitMQ的延时队列和死信队列,解释了它们的工作原理及其应用场景,延时队列允许消息在设定的时间后被消费,结合实际案例,展示了如何实现和使用延时队列和死信队列,感兴趣的朋友一起看看吧

简介

RabbitMQ 的延时队列（Delayed Queue）是指消息在发送到队列后，会在一定的时间内被延迟处理，直到预设的延迟时间结束，消息才会被消费者消费。RabbitMQ 本身并不原生支持延时队列，但我们可以通过一些插件或特定配置来实现这种功能。

延时队列的应用场景

死信队列（Dead Letter Queue，简称 DLQ）是消息队列中的一个特殊队列，用于存放那些因某些原因无法被正常消费的消息。死信队列在许多消息队列系统（如 RabbitMQ、Kafka 等）中都有应用。通过将无法消费的消息转移到死信队列中，可以帮助开发者发现和处理消息消费过程中的异常或错误。

死信队列的主要用途是：

本文结合延时队列和死信队列，延时队列的消息设置过期时间，在时间过期之后，将消息内容推送到死信队列中进行处理。

整合逻辑

依赖

 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.30</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.8.27</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.7</version>
        </dependency>

配置

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: walker-rabbitmq
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: guest_walker
    password: guest

创建交换机|队列

延时队列

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.config;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.constants.BaseConstant;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class OrderDelayRabbitConfig {
//    交换机
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange orderDelayExchange(){
        return new DirectExchange(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DELAY.getExchange());
    }
//    队列
    @Bean
    public Queue orderDelayQueue(){
        Map<String,Object> args = new HashMap<>();
//        延时队列，需要绑定死信队列，在ttl到期之后，将队列转到死信队列
        args.put(BaseConstant.xDeadLetterExchange,RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getExchange());
        args.put(BaseConstant.xDeadLetterRoutingKey,RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getRoutingKey());
        return QueueBuilder.durable(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DELAY.getQueue()).autoDelete().withArguments(args).build();
    }
//
    @Bean
    public Binding orderDelayQueueBinding(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(orderDelayQueue()).to(orderDelayExchange()).with(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DELAY.getRoutingKey());
    }
}

死信队列

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.config;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class OrderDeadRabbitConfig {
//    交换机
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange orderDeadExchange(){
        return new DirectExchange(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getExchange());
    }
//    队列
    @Bean
    public Queue orderDeadQueue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getQueue()).autoDelete().build();
    }
//   交换机、队列、路由键绑定
    @Bean
    public Binding orderDeadQueueBinding(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(orderDeadQueue()).to(orderDeadExchange())
                .with(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getRoutingKey());
    }
}

常量

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.constants;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
public interface BaseConstant {
    String xDeadLetterExchange = "x-dead-letter-exchange";
    String xDeadLetterRoutingKey = "x-dead-letter-routing-key";
}

相关枚举

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter
public enum RabbitMqConfigEnum {
    ORDER_DELAY("direct","订单延时队列","order_delay_exchange", "order_delay_queue", "order_delay_routing_key",true),
    ORDER_DEAD("direct","订单死信队列","order_dead_exchange", "order_dead_queue", "order_dead_routing_key",true);
    private final String type;
    private final String title;
    private final String exchange;
    private final String queue;
    private final String routingKey;
    private final Boolean durable;
}

rabbitmq工具类封装

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.service;
import cn.hutool.core.util.BooleanUtil;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
@Component
@Slf4j
public class RabbitmqService {
    @Resource
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    /**
    * author:walker
    * time: 2024/12/30
    * description:  无返回结果的手动处理方式
    */
    public void doWithManualAck(String event, Message message, Channel channel, Consumer<String> method) {
        String data = new String(message.getBody());
        try {
            method.accept(data);
            sendAck(message, channel);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("处理事件[{}]异常数据为：{},原因如下：",event,data, e);
            sendNack(message, channel);
        }
    }
    /**
     * author:walker
     * time: 2024/12/30
     * description:  根据返回的布尔类型，进行确认和拒绝
     */
    public void doWithManualAck(String event, Message message, Channel channel, Function<String,Boolean> method) {
        String data = new String(message.getBody());
        try {
            Boolean res = method.apply(data);
            if(BooleanUtil.isTrue(res)){
                sendAck(message, channel);
            }else{
                sendNack(message, channel);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("处理事件[{}]异常数据为：{},原因如下：",event,data, e);
            sendNack(message, channel);
        }
    }
    //    确认消息
    public void sendAck(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
    }
    //    拒绝消息
    public void sendNack(Message message, Channel channel) {
        try {
            channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("消息消费失败，消息ID：{}", message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId(), e);
        }
    }
    public <T> void sendDelayMsg(RabbitMqConfigEnum configEnum, T data, Integer delayTime) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(configEnum.getExchange(), configEnum.getRoutingKey(),
                JSONUtil.toJsonStr(data), new MessagePostProcessor() {
                    @Override
                    public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
                        message.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(String.valueOf(delayTime));
                        return message;
                    }
                });
    }
}

案例

实体类

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.entity;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class OrderInfo {
    private String productName;
    private Integer num;
    private String userName;
    private String orderTime;
}

controller 创建订单

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.controller;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.entity.OrderInfo;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.service.RabbitmqService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.Date;
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
    @Resource
    private RabbitmqService rabbitmqService;
    /**
    * author:walker
    * time: 2025/1/2
    * description:  下单
    */
    @GetMapping("/create")
    public void createOrder() {
        OrderInfo orderInfo = new OrderInfo();
        orderInfo.setProductName("羽毛球");
        orderInfo.setUserName("张三");
        orderInfo.setOrderTime("2025-01-02 12:00:00");
        orderInfo.setNum(1);
        log.info("发送消息时间{}",new Date());
        rabbitmqService.sendDelayMsg(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DELAY,orderInfo,10000);
    }
}

消费者监听消息

消费者接口

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.service;
public interface IRabbitCosumerHandler {
    Boolean handle(String message);
}

消费者监听方法

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.listener;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.constants.BaseConstant;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.service.IRabbitCosumerHandler;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.service.RabbitmqService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class OrderDeadLetterQueueConsumer implements IRabbitCosumerHandler {
    @Resource
    private RabbitmqService rabbitmqService;
    @RabbitListener(queues = "#{T(com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum).ORDER_DEAD.getQueue()}",ackMode = "MANUAL")
    public void receive(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        log.info("接受消息时间 {}",new Date());
        String msg = new String(message.getBody());
        log.info("当前时间：{},队列{}收到消息：{}", new Date().toString(),RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getQueue(), msg);
        rabbitmqService.doWithManualAck(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getTitle(), message, channel, this::handle);
    }
    @Override
    public Boolean handle(String message) {
//        处理逻辑
        log.info("进行订单取消的操作");
        return true;
    }
}

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