C#调用OpenXml读取excel行数据
作者:lxxxxl
这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了C#如何调用OpenXml实现读取excel行数据,文中的示例代码讲解详细,感兴趣的小伙伴可以跟随小编一起学习一下
问题及现象
在OpenXML中文件不包含空白单元格的条目,这就是跳过空白单元格的原因。
所以如果当我们打开一个excel,读取一个表格数据,发现如果有空单元格,openXML会跳过导致读取的数据发生错位。
比如这个是原始的excel表格数据。
当有空格读取后,第一行和最后一行的数据就会错位了,如下:
解决的办法就是:
假设:
DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.Row row,
Cell cell = row.Elements<Cell>().FirstOrDefault(c => c.CellReference == $"列行");
//例如:c.CellReference =="A12"
当cell是空的时候,表示该单元格是空值。
因此对于从行中提取单元格不能使用“foreach (Cell cell in row)”,这样取出来的cell是非空的单元格,也就是如果你有10列,有两列是空单元格,那么就只能取出来8列,这就导致了取出数据的错位。
而应该使用循环,也就是知道了表格的列数了,然后使用for去循环,例如:
for (int columnIndex = 0; columnIndex < dt.Columns.Count; columnIndex++) { //查找指定的行列单元格是否存在。 Cell cell = row.Elements<Cell>().FirstOrDefault(c => c.CellReference == $"{columnReference[columnIndex]}{row.RowIndex}");//例如:c.CellReference =="A12" string cellVal = null; //定义获取的单元格的值,默认为空 if (cell != null) {//不为空使用定义的GetCellValue()函数获取cell中的值 cellVal = GetCellValue(cell, workbookPart); } .... }
以下为封装的OpenXML处理的完整代码
调用ReadSheetWithHeader()函数,ReadSheetWithHeader会调用封装的OpenXml类OutExcel对象,从而把指定的excel文件的sheet表读取到DataTable的数据集合中。
/// <summary> /// 将指定的excel文件中的指定索引的sheet读取到表对象中 /// </summary> /// <param name="fileNm">excel文件路径</param> /// <param name="sheetIndex">sheet索引</param> /// <returns>返回DataTable对象</returns> public DataTable ReadSheetWithHeader(string fileNm, int sheetIndex) { FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileNm, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read); DataTable dt = new OutExcel().ReadExcel(sheetIndex, fs); return dt; }
封装OpenXml类OutExcel
using DocumentFormat.OpenXml; using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging; using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace OpenExcelMng { public class OutExcel { /// <summary> /// 按照给定的Excel流组织成Datatable /// </summary> /// <param name="sheetName">须要读取的Sheet的名称</param> /// <param name="stream">Excel文件流</param> /// <returns>组织好的DataTable</returns> public DataTable ReadExcel(string sheetName, Stream stream) { using (SpreadsheetDocument document = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(stream, false)) { //打开Stream WorkbookPart workbookPart = document.WorkbookPart; IEnumerable<Sheet> sheets = workbookPart.Workbook.Descendants<Sheet>().Where(s => s.Name == sheetName); if (sheets.Count() == 0) {//找出合适前提的sheet,没有则返回 return null; } WorksheetPart worksheetPart = (WorksheetPart)document.WorkbookPart.GetPartById(sheets.First().Id); //获取Excel中共享数据 SharedStringTable stringTable = document.WorkbookPart.SharedStringTablePart.SharedStringTable; IEnumerable<Row> rows = worksheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Row>();//获得Excel中得数据行 DataTable dt = new DataTable("Excel"); //因为须要将数据导入到DataTable中,所以我们假定Excel的第一行是列名,从第二行开端是行数据 foreach (Row row in rows) { if (row.RowIndex == 1) {//Excel第一行动列名 GetDataColumn(row, stringTable, ref dt); } else { GetDataRow(row, stringTable, workbookPart, ref dt);//Excel第二行同时为DataTable的第一行数据 } } return dt; } } /// <summary> /// 按照给定的Excel流组织成Datatable /// </summary> /// <param name="sheetIndex">须要读取的Sheet的索引</param> /// <param name="sheetIndex">Excel文件流</param> /// <returns>组织好的DataTable</returns> public DataTable ReadExcel(int sheetIndex, Stream stream) { using (SpreadsheetDocument document = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(stream, false)) {//打开Stream WorkbookPart workbookPart = document.WorkbookPart; IList<Sheet> sheets = workbookPart.Workbook.Descendants<Sheet>().ToList(); if (sheets.Count() == 0) {//找出合适前提的sheet,没有则返回 return null; } WorksheetPart worksheetPart = (WorksheetPart)document.WorkbookPart.GetPartById(sheets[sheetIndex].Id); //获取Excel中共享数据 SharedStringTable stringTable = document.WorkbookPart.SharedStringTablePart.SharedStringTable; IEnumerable<Row> rows = worksheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Row>();//获得Excel中得数据行 DataTable dt = new DataTable("Excel"); //因为须要将数据导入到DataTable中,所以我们假定Excel的第一行是列名,从第二行开端是行数据 foreach (Row row in rows) { if (row.RowIndex == 1) {//Excel第一行动列名 GetDataColumn(row, stringTable, ref dt); } else { GetDataRow(row, stringTable, workbookPart, ref dt);//Excel第二行同时为DataTable的第一行数据 } } return dt; } } /// <summary> /// 构建DataTable的列 /// </summary> /// <param name="row">OpenXML定义的Row对象</param> /// <param name="stringTablePart"></param> /// <param name="dt">须要返回的DataTable对象</param> /// <returns></returns> public void GetDataColumn(Row row, SharedStringTable stringTable, ref DataTable dt) { DataColumn col = new DataColumn(); Dictionary<string, int> columnCount = new Dictionary<string, int>(); foreach (Cell cell in row) { string cellVal = GetValue(cell, stringTable); col = new DataColumn(cellVal); if (IsContainsColumn(dt, col.ColumnName)) { if (!columnCount.ContainsKey(col.ColumnName)) columnCount.Add(col.ColumnName, 0); col.ColumnName = col.ColumnName + (columnCount[col.ColumnName]++); } dt.Columns.Add(col); } } /// <summary> /// 构建DataTable的每一行数据,并返回该Datatable /// </summary> /// <param name="row"></param> /// <param name="stringTable"></param> /// <param name="workbookPart">用于处理获取Cell中的信息,如果Cell存在,不是空单元格</param> /// <param name="dt">把行数据写入到datatabl中</param> private void GetDataRow(DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.Row row, DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.SharedStringTable stringTable, //不再使用 DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging.WorkbookPart workbookPart, //用于处理获取Cell中的信息,如果Cell存在,不是空单元格 ref System.Data.DataTable dt) //把行数据写入到datatabl中。 { // 读取算法:按行一一读取单位格,若是整行均是空数据 // 则忽视改行(因为本人的工作内容不须要空行)-_- DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); int i = 0; int nullRowCount = i; Dictionary<int, string> columnReference = new Dictionary<int, string>(); columnReference.Add(0, "A"); columnReference.Add(1, "B"); columnReference.Add(2, "C"); columnReference.Add(3, "D"); columnReference.Add(4, "E"); columnReference.Add(5, "F"); columnReference.Add(6, "G"); columnReference.Add(7, "H"); for (int columnIndex = 0; columnIndex < dt.Columns.Count; columnIndex++) { Cell cell = row.Elements<Cell>().FirstOrDefault(c => c.CellReference == $"{columnReference[columnIndex]}{row.RowIndex}");//例如:c.CellReference =="A12" string cellVal = null; if (cell != null) { cellVal = GetCellValue(cell, workbookPart); } if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(cellVal)) { nullRowCount++; } dr[i] = cellVal; i++; } if (nullRowCount != i) { dt.Rows.Add(dr); } } /// <summary> /// 获取单位格的值 /// </summary> /// <param name="cell">单元格</param> /// <param name="workbookPart"></param> /// <param name="type">1 不去空格 2 前后空格 3 所有空格 </param> /// <returns></returns> public static string GetCellValue(Cell cell, WorkbookPart workbookPart, int type = 2) { //合并单元格不做处理 if (cell.CellValue == null) return string.Empty; string cellInnerText = cell.CellValue.InnerXml; //纯字符串 if (cell.DataType != null && (cell.DataType.Value == CellValues.SharedString || cell.DataType.Value == CellValues.String || cell.DataType.Value == CellValues.Number)) { //获取spreadsheetDocument中共享的数据 SharedStringTable stringTable = workbookPart.SharedStringTablePart.SharedStringTable; //如果共享字符串表丢失,则说明出了问题。 if (!stringTable.Any()) return string.Empty; string text = stringTable.ElementAt(int.Parse(cellInnerText)).InnerText; if (type == 2) return text.Trim(); else if (type == 3) return text.Replace(" ", ""); else return text; } //bool类型 else if (cell.DataType != null && cell.DataType.Value == CellValues.Boolean) { return (cellInnerText != "0").ToString().ToUpper(); } //数字格式代码(numFmtId)小于164是内置的:https://www.it1352.com/736329.html else { //为空为数值 if (cell.StyleIndex == null) return cellInnerText; Stylesheet styleSheet = workbookPart.WorkbookStylesPart.Stylesheet; CellFormat cellFormat = (CellFormat)styleSheet.CellFormats.ChildElements[(int)cell.StyleIndex.Value]; uint formatId = cellFormat.NumberFormatId.Value; double doubleTime;//OLE 自动化日期值 DateTime dateTime;//yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss switch (formatId) { case 0://常规 return cellInnerText; case 9://百分比【0%】 case 10://百分比【0.00%】 case 11://科学计数【1.00E+02】 case 12://分数【1/2】 return cellInnerText; case 14: doubleTime = double.Parse(cellInnerText); dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(doubleTime); return dateTime.ToString("yyyy/MM/dd"); //case 15: //case 16: case 17: doubleTime = double.Parse(cellInnerText); dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(doubleTime); return dateTime.ToString("yyyy/MM"); //case 18: //case 19: case 20: doubleTime = double.Parse(cellInnerText); dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(doubleTime); return dateTime.ToString("H:mm"); case 21: doubleTime = double.Parse(cellInnerText); dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(doubleTime); return dateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss"); case 22: doubleTime = double.Parse(cellInnerText); dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(doubleTime); return dateTime.ToString("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm"); //case 45: //case 46: case 47: doubleTime = double.Parse(cellInnerText); dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(doubleTime); return dateTime.ToString("yyyy/MM/dd"); case 58://【中国】11月11日 doubleTime = double.Parse(cellInnerText); dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(doubleTime); return dateTime.ToString("MM/dd"); case 176://【中国】2020年11月11日 doubleTime = double.Parse(cellInnerText); dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(doubleTime); return dateTime.ToString("yyyy/MM/dd"); case 177://【中国】11:22:00 doubleTime = double.Parse(cellInnerText); dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(doubleTime); return dateTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss"); default: return cellInnerText; } } } /// <summary> /// 获取单位格的值 /// </summary> /// <param name="cell"></param> /// <param name="stringTablePart"></param> /// <returns></returns> private string GetValue(Cell cell, SharedStringTable stringTable) { //因为Excel的数据存储在SharedStringTable中,须要获取数据在SharedStringTable 中的索引 string value = string.Empty; try { if (cell.ChildElements.Count == 0) return value; value = double.Parse(cell.CellValue.InnerText).ToString(); if (cell.DataType != null) { switch (cell.DataType.Value) { case CellValues.SharedString: value = stringTable.ChildElements[Int32.Parse(value)].InnerText; break; } } } catch (Exception ex) { value = "N/A"; } return value; } /// <summary> /// 判断网格是否存在列 /// </summary> /// <param name="dt">网格</param> /// <param name="columnName">列名</param> /// <returns></returns> public bool IsContainsColumn(DataTable dt, string columnName) { if (dt == null || columnName == null) { return false; } return dt.Columns.Contains(columnName); } public static void ConvertToDateTime(ref DataTable dt, string columnNm, string dtFormat) { int findLoca_Old = dt.Columns.IndexOf(columnNm); DataColumn newColumn = new DataColumn(System.Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), typeof(String)); string newColumnNm = newColumn.ColumnName; dt.Columns.Add(newColumn); newColumn.SetOrdinal(findLoca_Old + 1); foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows) { try { double val = Convert.ToDouble(row[columnNm]); row[newColumnNm] = DateTime.FromOADate(val).ToString(dtFormat); } catch (Exception ex) { ; } } dt.Columns.RemoveAt(findLoca_Old); newColumn.ColumnName = columnNm; } } }
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