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SpringBoot导出Excel的四种方式小结

作者:brokeSky

近期接到了一个小需求,要将系统中的数据导出为Excel,且能将Excel数据导入到系统,对于大多数研发人员来说,这算是一个最基本的操作了,本文就给大家总结一下SpringBoot导出Excel的四种实现方式,需要的朋友可以参考下

方法一:hutools

该方法通过自研的一套Excel注解,在实体类上添加注解,然后用一套工具类(见源码中com.leixi.excel.util.excelOne)实现实体类列表的导出。优点是不用建模板,调用简单,缺点是迁移麻烦。有好几个配套的文件如注解,工具类等,想要在别的项目中使用,就涉及到文件的拷贝。老实说,不太优雅,而且更可惜的是,这些方法里居然没有封装导出方法。下面给出实体类创建,方法调用的代码,供各位参考(相关源码会在文中提供)

//引入依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.7.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.afterturn</groupId>
            <artifactId>easypoi-base</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
//controller方法,不得不说,调用起来是真的方便
    @PostMapping(value = "/exportData")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> exportData(String fileName) {
        List<ExcelOneDto> list = CommonUtil.buildDemoExcel(ExcelOneDto.class);
        Workbook workbook = new DefaultWriteHandler<ExcelOneDto>().write("sheet名称",list, ExcelOneDto.class);
        return CommonUtil.exportWorkbook(workbook, fileName);
    }
 
 //实体类
@Data
public class ExcelOneDto {
    @ExcelCell(priority = "A", cellTitle = "编号")
    private Integer code;
 
    @ExcelCell(priority = "B", cellTitle = "名称")
    private String name;
 
 
    @ExcelCell(priority = "C", cellTitle = "详情")
    private String desc;
 
    @ExcelCell(priority = "D", cellTitle = "备注")
    private String remark;
}

这是导出的测试结果:

方法二:easyexcel

现在使用频率较高的是用easyexcel实现的。经过一番了解,我将easyexcel的实现方式也列出来作为参考。该方法的优点是使用方便,功能强大!本文中我只实现了最简单的导入导出,easyexcel还支持很多如嵌套导入,合并行列等高级操作,相关实现可以参考大神的博客【精选】Spring Boot 集成 EasyExcel 3.x 优雅实现Excel导入导出_easyexcel3-CSDN博客。 以下是我学习了他的博客后,整理的最基本的代码:

//引入maven依赖
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.3</version>
        </dependency>
//controller:
    @PostMapping(value = "/exportData")
    public void exportData(String fileName, HttpServletResponse response) {
        try {
            this.setExcelResponseProp(response, fileName);
            List<ExcelFourDto> list = CommonUtil.buildDemoExcel(ExcelFourDto.class);;
            EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream())
                    .head(ExcelFourDto.class)
                    .excelType(ExcelTypeEnum.XLSX)
                    .sheet(fileName)
                    .doWrite(list);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
 
    @PostMapping("/importData")
    @SneakyThrows
    public Object importUserExcel(@RequestPart("file") MultipartFile file) {
            List<ExcelFourDto> list = EasyExcel.read(file.getInputStream())
                    .head(ExcelFourDto.class).sheet().doReadSync();
            return list;
    }
    
    /**
     * 设置响应结果
     *
     * @param response    响应结果对象
     * @param rawFileName 文件名
     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException 不支持编码异常
     */
    private void setExcelResponseProp(HttpServletResponse response, String rawFileName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String fileName = URLEncoder.encode(rawFileName, "UTF-8").replaceAll("\\+", "%20");
        response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName + ".xlsx");
    } 
 
// 实体类
@Data
public class ExcelFourDto {
    @ExcelProperty("编号")
    @ColumnWidth(20)
    private Integer code;
 
    @ExcelProperty("名称")
    @ColumnWidth(20)
    private String name;
 
    @ExcelProperty("详情")
    @ColumnWidth(20)
    private String desc;
 
    @ExcelProperty("备注")
    @ColumnWidth(20)
    private String remark;
}

以下是测试结果:

方法三:ExcelImportUtil工具类

该方法的优点:不用excel模板,导出导出方便。缺点是封装的不够好。研发人员使用时需要对ExcelImportUtil进行一定的加工。下面是我封装后的代码:

//maven依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>cn.afterturn</groupId>
            <artifactId>easypoi-base</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
//control类的导入导出
 
    @PostMapping(value = "/importData")
    public Object importManageData(@RequestPart("file") MultipartFile file) throws Exception {
        return CommonUtil.getExcelDataFromFile(file, ExcelTwoDto.class, 1,2);
    }
 
    @PostMapping(value = "/exportData")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> exportData(@RequestParam("fileName") String fileName){
        List<ExcelTwoDto> list  = CommonUtil.buildDemoExcel(ExcelTwoDto.class);
        List<Map<String, Object>> exportView = CommonUtil.buildExportView("测试Title", "测试Sheet",list);
        Workbook workbook = ExcelExportUtil.exportExcel(exportView, ExcelType.XSSF);
        ExcelStyleUtil.addNotExistCell(workbook, 0, 3);
        return CommonUtil.exportWorkbook(workbook, fileName);
    }
    
//实体类 
@Data
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class ExcelTwoDto {
 
    @Excel(name = "第一列" ,fixedIndex = 0, orderNum = "0")
    private String codeOne;
    @Excel(name = "第二列" ,fixedIndex = 1, orderNum = "1", width = 50)
    private String codeTwo;
    @ExcelCollection(name = "第三列" , orderNum = "2")
    private List<ExcelChildDto> codeThree;
 
    @Excel(name = "第四列" ,fixedIndex = 4, orderNum = "4", width = 50)
    private String codeFour;
    @Excel(name = "第五列" ,fixedIndex = 5, orderNum = "5")
    private String codeFive;
    @Excel(name = "第六列A", groupName = "第六列汇总" ,fixedIndex = 6, orderNum = "6")
    private String codeThreeOne;
    @Excel(name = "第六列B", groupName = "第六列汇总" ,fixedIndex = 7, orderNum = "7")
    private String codeThreeTwo;
    @Excel(name = "第六列C", groupName = "第六列汇总" ,fixedIndex = 8, orderNum = "8")
    private String codeThreeThree;
}
 
@Data
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class ExcelChildDto {
    @Excel(name = "编码" ,fixedIndex = 0, orderNum = "0")
    private String code;
    @Excel(name = "名称" ,fixedIndex = 1, orderNum = "1", width = 50)
    private String name;
}

导出测试结果:

方法四:Excel模板导出

第三种方案是通过excel模板来实现的方法,现在基本已经废弃了,之所以放在这里是为了做一个参照,让大家看看不同的实现方法的区别。这种方式通过创建一个Excel模板和对应模板的实体类来实现文件导出,优点是实体类里不需要加注解了,而且在excel里可以设计一些style和格式,缺点是配置excelTemplate太麻烦了。配置繁琐,且过程中如出现参数名错误,符号错误等 ,调试起来很不方便,如果要增减字段,实体类和excel都得调整。下面给出编写的代码:

// controller方法
    @PostMapping(value = "/exportData")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> exportData(@RequestParam("fileName") String fileName) {
        TemplateExportParams params = new TemplateExportParams("templates/template.xlsx");
        params.setScanAllsheet(true);
        Map<String, Object> dataMap = new HashMap<>();
        List<ExcelThreeDto> list  = CommonUtil.buildDemoExcel(ExcelThreeDto.class);
        dataMap.put("titleName", "标题名称");
        dataMap.put("desc", "备注名称");
        dataMap.put("dataList", list);
        Workbook workbook = ExcelExportUtil.exportExcel(params, dataMap);
        ExcelStyleUtil.setAutoHeight(workbook, 0, 4);
        return CommonUtil.exportWorkbook(workbook, fileName);
    }
    
//实体类
    @Data
    @Builder
    @NoArgsConstructor
    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class ExcelThreeDto {
        private Integer code;
        private String name;
        private String desc;
        private String remark;
    }

Excel模板的配置

导出的结果:

由于年代久远,我没能找到对应的模板导入的方法,于是在网上搜索了相关资料,编写了一个较通用的文件导入方法:

//maven依赖
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.afterturn</groupId>
            <artifactId>easypoi-base</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
/**
     * excel 导入
     */
    @PostMapping("/importData")
    public Object upload(@RequestParam(name = "file") MultipartFile file) {
        return CommonUtil.importExcel(file, 3, ExcelThreeDto.class);
    }
 
    /**
     * 通用的excel导入的方法
     *
     * @param file 导入文件
     * @param startRow 第几行开始读数据
     * @param clazz 导入后转成的实体类
     * @return
     * @param <T> 
     */
    @SneakyThrows
    public static <T> List<T> importExcel(MultipartFile file, Integer startRow, Class<T> clazz) {
        Workbook wb = new XSSFWorkbook(file.getInputStream());
        //1.2.获取Sheet
        Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
        List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
        Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
        for (int rowNum = startRow; rowNum <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); rowNum++) {
            //根据索引获取每一个行
            Row row = sheet.getRow(rowNum);
            T obj = clazz.newInstance();
            for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < row.getLastCellNum() && cellNum< fields.length; cellNum++) {
                Cell cell = row.getCell(cellNum);
                Object value = CommonUtil.getCellValue(cell);
                Field field = fields[cellNum];
                field.setAccessible(true);
                // 注意,这里是为了演示,只分析了Integer和String的写法,实际上要根据Field数据的枚举分类处理
                if (field.getType().equals(Integer.class) && value != null) {
                    field.set(obj, new Double(value.toString()).intValue());
                } else {
                    field.set(obj, value);
                }
            }
            list.add(obj);
        }
        return list;
    }

导入的结果还是蛮令人满意的:

原以为方法一已经是别开生面了,但是对比起来,仍然是有些差强人意。时代真是进步的飞快,对于程序员来说,这种变迁显得尤为明显。它就像一根鞭子,不断的抽打着码农们,稍有懈怠就会被这洪流所淹没…

(文中附上四种方式的源码,仅用于学习和参考!)

本人力荐前两种方法,有大量的项目使用,相关的博客也比较多,尤其是easyexcel,官方对每种导入导出的方式都有完整的案例参考,简单上手!

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