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Maven Assembly实战教程

作者:小小工匠

MavenAssembly插件用于创建可分发包,如JAR、ZIP或TAR文件,通过配置pom.xml,可以生成包含所有依赖的JAR文件或自定义格式的归档文件,示例展示了如何使用默认描述符和自定义描述符创建JAR包,以及在多模块项目中使用Assembly插件

Assembly插件

Maven Assembly插件用于创建项目的可分发包,如JAR、ZIP或TAR文件。

它可以将项目的代码、依赖项、资源文件打包在一起,方便部署和发布。

常见用途包括生成包含所有依赖的JAR文件、创建特定格式的归档文件等。

基本配置

pom.xml中添加Maven Assembly插件的配置:

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0</version>
            <configuration>
                <descriptors>
                    <descriptor>src/assembly/your-assembly.xml</descriptor>
                </descriptors>
                <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>make-assembly</id>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>single</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

重要配置项:

使用示例

示例1:创建包含依赖的JAR包

使用默认描述符生成包含所有依赖的JAR:

<descriptorRefs>
    <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>

运行命令:

mvn clean package

示例2:自定义描述符

创建src/assembly/your-assembly.xml文件:

<assembly xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.3"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.3 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.3.xsd">
    <id>custom</id>
    <formats>
        <format>zip</format>
    </formats>
    <includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory>
    <fileSets>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
            <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>${project.build.finalName}.jar</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>
</assembly>

示例3:多模块项目打包

在父模块的pom.xml中配置Assembly插件,并为每个子模块定义打包策略。

实战 _qiwenfile

结构

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.qiwenshare</groupId>
        <artifactId>qiwenshare</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.8</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>qiwen-file</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.8-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>qiwen-file</name>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <properties>
        <release-path>target/../release</release-path>
        <app-name>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</app-name>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
         ......省略
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!--排除静态文件-->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <!-- 添加index则不从mainfest中读取classpath,而是从Index.list中读取 -->
                        <!-- <index>true</index> -->
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>com.qiwenshare.file.FileApplication</mainClass>
                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                        </manifest>
                        <manifestEntries>
                            <Class-Path>./</Class-Path>
                        </manifestEntries>
                    </archive>

                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>static/**</exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <!-- not append assembly id in release file name -->
                    <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
                    <descriptors>
                        <descriptor>src/main/resources/build/assembly.xml</descriptor>
                    </descriptors>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>


            <!--ant插件执行自定义动作-->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>run</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <target>
                                <delete dir="${release-path}" />
                                <copy todir="${release-path}" >
                                    <fileset dir="target/${app-name}/${app-name}">
                                        <exclude name="**/*-android-*.jar"/>
                                    </fileset>
                                </copy>
                            </target>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>


    </build>

</project>

主要配置了三个Maven插件来实现项目构建过程中的特定任务:

maven-jar-plugin:

maven-assembly-plugin:

maven-antrun-plugin:

<assembly>
    <!-- 定义组装标识符 -->
    <id>assembly</id>
    <!-- 指定输出格式,此处为目录格式 -->
    <formats>
        <format>dir</format>
    </formats>
    <!-- 是否包含基础目录 -->
    <includeBaseDirectory>true</includeBaseDirectory>
    <!-- 定义文件集合 -->
    <fileSets>
        <!-- 定义第一个文件集 -->
        <fileSet>
            <!-- 源目录为src/main/script -->
            <directory>src/main/script</directory>
            <!-- 输出目录为bin,并设置文件模式为0755 -->
            <outputDirectory>bin</outputDirectory>
            <fileMode>0755</fileMode>
            <!-- 包含所有文件和目录 -->
            <includes>
                <include>*.*</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <!-- 定义第二个文件集 -->
        <fileSet>
            <!-- 源目录为src/main/resources -->
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <!-- 输出目录为conf,并设置文件模式为0644 -->
            <outputDirectory>conf</outputDirectory>
            <fileMode>0644</fileMode>
            <!-- 排除static目录下的所有内容 -->
            <excludes>
                <exclude>static/**</exclude>
            </excludes>
        </fileSet>
        <!-- 定义第三个文件集 -->
        <fileSet>
            <!-- 源目录为src/main/resources/static -->
            <directory>src/main/resources/static</directory>
            <!-- 输出目录为static,并设置文件模式为0644 -->
            <outputDirectory>static</outputDirectory>
            <fileMode>0644</fileMode>
        </fileSet>
        <!-- 定义第四个文件集,用于复制本工程的jar文件 -->
        <fileSet>
            <!-- 源目录为target -->
            <directory>target</directory>
            <!-- 输出目录为lib,并包含所有jar文件 -->
            <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>*.jar</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>
    <!-- 定义依赖集合 -->
    <dependencySets>
        <dependencySet>
            <!-- 依赖输出目录为lib -->
            <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>
            <!-- 不使用项目自身的主要工件 -->
            <useProjectArtifact>false</useProjectArtifact>
            <!-- 使用项目附件 -->
            <useProjectAttachments>true</useProjectAttachments>
            <!-- 仅包含运行时范围的依赖 -->
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependencySet>
    </dependencySets>
</assembly>


格式设置:指定输出格式为目录(dir)。

基础目录:包含基础目录(includeBaseDirectory)。

文件集:

依赖集:

将运行时依赖项复制到lib目录,不包含项目自身的JAR文件,但包含项目的附件。

触发脚本

set settingDir=src/main/resources/build/settings.xml
mvn clean install -s %settingDir%
pause

自行这个BAT脚本,就会生成

#/*************************************************
#*  install.sh write by echo at Changsha. Hunan, 2021年 05月 24日 星期一 11:33:25 CST
#*************************************************/
#!/bin/sh
function echo_dbg_p(){
  echo "echo_dbg, $@"
}
function usage(){
echo -e "usages: $0 [H|h|help] [-h] [-s]
  [H|h|help]: check the usages\n
  []"
}

#main
#maven install check
cmd_package=yum
if ! mvn -v >/dev/null;then
  sudo $cmd_package install -y maven
fi
#java install check
if ! java -version &>/dev/null;then 
  sudo $cmd_package install -y java
fi
if ! mysql -V>/dev/null;then 
  sudo wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm;
  sudo rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
  sudo yum install -y mysql-server
fi
#build path check
#build_root_path=./
settingDir=file-common/src/main/resources/conf/settings.xml

mvn clean install -s $settingDir
sed -i "s#D:/temp_db#/tmp/#g" release/conf/config/application-dev.properties
echo_dbg_p "warning, PLS create mysql with name file, and set the password follow the file qiwen-file/file-web/src/main/resources/config/application-prod.properties"

case $1 in
  H|h|help)
    usage
    ;;
  *)
# getopts :s:h表示这个命令接受2个带参数选项,分别是-h和-s
    while getopts :s:h opt
    do  
      case $opt in
        s)
          echo "-s=$OPTARG"
          ;;
        :)
          echo "-$OPTARG needs an argument"
          ;;
        h)
          echo "-h is set"
          ;;
        *)
          echo "-$opt not recognized"
          ;;
      esac
    done
    ;;
esac

检查并安装Maven:

检查并安装Java:

检查并安装MySQL:

构建项目:

帮助信息:

解析命令行参数:

实战 _nacos

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
  ~ Copyright 1999-2018 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
  ~
  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
  ~
  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  ~
  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  ~ limitations under the License.
  -->
<assembly>
    <!-- 定义组装标识,使用项目版本号 -->
    <id>server-${project.version}</id>
    <!-- 是否包含基础目录 -->
    <includeBaseDirectory>true</includeBaseDirectory>
    <!-- 定义打包格式 -->
    <formats>
        <format>dir</format>
        <format>tar.gz</format>
        <format>zip</format>
    </formats>
    <!-- 定义文件集合 -->
    <fileSets>
        <!-- 包含plugins目录下的所有内容 -->
        <fileSet>
            <includes>
                <include>plugins/**</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <!-- 包含conf目录下的所有内容 -->
        <fileSet>
            <includes>
                <include>conf/**</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <!-- 包含bin目录下的所有文件,并设置文件权限 -->
        <fileSet>
            <includes>
                <include>bin/*</include>
            </includes>
            <fileMode>0755</fileMode>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>
    <!-- 定义单独的文件 -->
    <files>
        <!-- 将LICENSE-BIN文件重命名为LICENSE -->
        <file>
            <source>LICENSE-BIN</source>
            <destName>LICENSE</destName>
        </file>
        <!-- 将NOTICE-BIN文件重命名为NOTICE -->
        <file>
            <source>NOTICE-BIN</source>
            <destName>NOTICE</destName>
        </file>
        <!-- 打好的jar包名称和放置目录 -->
        <file>
            <source>../console/target/nacos-server.jar</source>
            <outputDirectory>target/</outputDirectory>
        </file>
    </files>
    <!-- 定义模块集合 -->
    <moduleSets>
        <moduleSet>
            <!-- 是否使用所有反应堆项目 -->
            <useAllReactorProjects>true</useAllReactorProjects>
            <!-- 定义包含的模块 -->
            <includes>
                <include>com.alibaba.nacos:nacos-console</include>
            </includes>
        </moduleSet>
    </moduleSets>
</assembly>

输出 zip / tar.gz

常见问题及解决方案

总结

以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。

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