SpringBoot接受参数相关注解方式
作者:S-X-S
SpringBoot接受参数的注解包括@PathVariable、@RequestHeader、@RequestParameter、@CookieValue、@RequestBody、@RequestAttribute和@SessionAttribute等,每个注解都有详细的使用方法和示例代码
SpringBoot接受参数相关注解
1.基本介绍
2.@PathVariable 路径参数获取信息
1.代码实例
1.index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>基本注解</h1> <hr/> <a href="/monster/100/king" rel="external nofollow" >@PathVariable-路径变量:/monster/100/king</a> </body> </html>
2.ParameterController.java
package com.sun.springboot.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.Map; /** * @author 孙显圣 * @version 1.0 */ @RestController public class ParameterController { @GetMapping("/monster/{id}/{name}") //接受两个路径参数 public String pathVariable(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, @PathVariable("name") String name, @PathVariable Map<String, String> map) { //这里的map指将所有的路径参数都放到map中 System.out.println("id:" + id + " name:" + name); for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) { System.out.println("key:" + entry.getKey() + " value: " + entry.getValue()); } return "success"; //返回json给浏览器 } }
3.测试
2.细节说明
- @PathVariable(“xxx”)必须跟{xxx}相对应
- 可以将所有的路径参数放到map中 @PathVariable Map<String, String> map
3.@RequestHeader 请求头获取信息
1.代码实例
1.index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>基本注解</h1> <hr/> <a href="/requestHeader" rel="external nofollow" >@RequestHeader-获取请求头信息</a> </body> </html>
2.ParameterController.java
package com.sun.springboot.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestHeader; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.Map; /** * @author 孙显圣 * @version 1.0 */ @RestController public class ParameterController { @GetMapping("/requestHeader") //获取请求头的信息 public String requestHeader(@RequestHeader("host") String host, @RequestHeader Map<String, String> header) { System.out.println("host:" + host); System.out.println(header); return "success"; } }
3.测试
2.细节说明
- 请求头的信息都是以key - value的形式存储的
- 可以通过@RequestHeader(“xxx”)来获取xxx对应的value
- 也可以通过@RequestHeader Map<String, String> header将所有的key - value都封装到map中
4.@RequestParameter 请求获取参数信息
1.代码实例
1.index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>基本注解</h1> <hr/> <a href="/hi?hobby=打篮球&hobby=踢球" rel="external nofollow" >@RequestParam-请求参数</a> </body> </html>
2.ParameterController.java
package com.sun.springboot.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.util.List; /** * @author 孙显圣 * @version 1.0 */ @RestController public class ParameterController { @GetMapping("/hi") public String hi(@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "孙显圣") String name, @RequestParam("hobby") List<String> list) { System.out.println("name:" + name); System.out.println(list); return "success"; } }
3.测试
2.细节说明
- 请求参数是可以设置默认值的,使用defaultValue属性即可
- 请求参数还可以将同名的结果封装到List中
- 请求参数也可以使用@RequestParameter Map<String, String> map 将所有参数封装到map中,但是如果有同名的结果只会得到第一个,因为map的key是唯一的
5.@CookieValue cookie获取值
1.代码实例
1.index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>基本注解</h1> <hr/> <a href="/cookie" rel="external nofollow" >@CookieValue-获取cookie的值</a> </body> </html>
2.ParameterController.java
package com.sun.springboot.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import javax.servlet.http.Cookie; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * @author 孙显圣 * @version 1.0 */ @RestController public class ParameterController { @GetMapping("/cookie") //这里可以设置required = false意为不是必须存在的,如果不存在则得到的值就为null //如果后面的参数类型是Cookie,则会获取Cookie对象并封装到变量中 public String cookie(@CookieValue(value = "cookie_key", required = false) String cookie_value, @CookieValue(value = "username" , required = false) Cookie cookie, HttpServletRequest request) { //使用原生api获取cookies Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies(); for (Cookie cookie1 : cookies) { System.out.println(cookie1); } System.out.println(cookie_value); System.out.println("name:" + cookie.getName() + " value: " + cookie.getValue()); return "success"; } }
3.测试
2.细节说明
- @CookieValue可以根据后面要封装的参数的类型来获取指定的值,如果后面的类型是Cookie类型则会获取一个Cookie对象并封装进入,如果是String类型则会获取Cookie的value来进行封装
- 还可以通过Servlet原生api的request来获取所有的cookie
- @CookieValue中有属性required默认为true,意为必须存在,否则报错,如果设置为false,则如果获取不到则为null
6.@RequestBody 处理json请求,post请求体获取信息
1.代码实例
1.index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>基本注解</h1> <hr/> <form action="/requestBody" method="post"> <input type="text" name="username"><br> <input type="text" name="password"><br> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
2.ParameterController.java
package com.sun.springboot.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; /** * @author 孙显圣 * @version 1.0 */ @RestController public class ParameterController { @PostMapping("requestBody") public String getRequestBody(@RequestBody String requestBody) { //获取请求体 System.out.println(requestBody); return "success"; } }
3.测试
7.@RequestAttribute 请求域获取信息
1.代码实例
1.RequestController.java
package com.sun.springboot.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * @author 孙显圣 * @version 1.0 */ @Controller public class RequestController { @GetMapping("/login") public String login(HttpServletRequest request) { //在Request域中存放一些信息 request.setAttribute("name", "sun"); request.setAttribute("age", 13); //调用视图解析器,请求转发到/ok return "forward:/ok"; } @ResponseBody @GetMapping("/ok") public String ok(@RequestAttribute(value = "name", required = false) String name) { //使用注解来获取请求域中的信息并封装到参数中 System.out.println("name: " + name); return "success"; //返回json给浏览器 } }
2.配置视图解析器 application.yml
spring: mvc: view: #配置了视图解析器 suffix: .html #后缀 prefix: / #前缀,指的是根目录
3.测试
8.@SessionAttribute session域获取信息
1.代码实例
1.SessionController.java
package com.sun.springboot.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.SessionAttribute; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * @author 孙显圣 * @version 1.0 */ @Controller public class SessionController { @GetMapping("/login") public String login(HttpServletRequest request) { //在session域中设置信息 request.getSession().setAttribute("session", "session_value"); //调用视图解析器,请求转发到/ok return "forward:/ok"; } @ResponseBody @GetMapping("/ok") public String ok(@SessionAttribute(value = "session") String value) { //使用注解来获取session域中的信息并封装到参数中 System.out.println("session: " + value); return "success"; //返回json给浏览器 } }
2.配置视图解析器(同上)
3.测试
9.复杂参数
1.代码实例
1.RequestController.java
package com.sun.springboot.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.util.Map; /** * @author 孙显圣 * @version 1.0 */ @Controller public class RequestController { @GetMapping("/login") public String login(Map<String, Object> map, Model model, HttpServletResponse response) { //给map封装信息 map.put("user", "sun"); map.put("job", "工程师"); //model封装信息 model.addAttribute("sal", 1000); //结果最后都会封装到request域中 //调用视图解析器,请求转发到/ok return "forward:/ok"; } @ResponseBody @GetMapping("/ok") public String ok(@RequestAttribute("user") String user, @RequestAttribute("job") String job, @RequestAttribute("sal") Integer sal) { //使用注解来获取请求域中的信息并封装到参数中 System.out.println("user:" + user + " job:" + job + " sal:" +sal); return "success"; //返回json给浏览器 } }
2.测试
2.HttpServletResponse给浏览器设置cookie
1.代码实例
package com.sun.springboot.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CookieValue; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import javax.servlet.http.Cookie; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /** * @author 孙显圣 * @version 1.0 */ @Controller public class RequestController { @GetMapping("/login") public String login(HttpServletResponse response) { Cookie cookie = new Cookie("cookie_name", "cookie_value"); response.addCookie(cookie); //调用视图解析器,重定向到/ok,不能使用请求转发,因为虽然响应给客户端cookie了, // 但是由于是请求转发,第二个controller得到的是最开始的请求,那时候还没有cookie return "redirect:/ok"; } @ResponseBody @GetMapping("/ok") public String ok(@CookieValue("cookie_name") Cookie cookie) { //获取cookie System.out.println("key:" + cookie.getName() + " value:" + cookie.getValue()); return "success"; //返回json给浏览器 } }
2.测试
总结
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。