SpringBoot 集成MQTT实现消息订阅的详细代码
作者:不甘平凡--liang
本文介绍了如何在SpringBoot中集成MQTT并实现消息订阅,主要步骤包括添加依赖、配置文件设置、启动类注解、MQTT配置类、消息处理器配置、主题缓存、动态数据库主题配置以及消息处理服务,感兴趣的朋友跟随小编一起看看吧
1、引入依赖
<!--MQTT start--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-integration</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId> <artifactId>spring-integration-mqtt</artifactId> <version>5.4.4</version> </dependency> <!--MQTT end--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency>
2、增加yml配置
spring: mqtt: username: test password: test url: tcp://127.0.0.1:8080 subClientId: singo_sub_client_id_888 #订阅 客户端id pubClientId: singo_pub_client_id_888 #发布 客户端id connectionTimeout: 30 keepAlive: 60
3、资源配置类
@Data @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.mqtt") public class MqttConfigurationProperties { private String username; private String password; private String url; private String subClientId; private String pubClientId; private int connectionTimeout; private int keepAlive; }
注意启动类需要增加注解
@EnableConfigurationProperties(MqttConfigurationProperties.class)
4、MQTT配置类
@Configuration public class MqttConfig { @Autowired private MqttConfigurationProperties mqttConfigurationProperties; /** * 连接参数 * * @return */ @Bean public MqttConnectOptions mqttConnectOptions() { MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions(); options.setUserName(mqttConfigurationProperties.getUsername()); options.setPassword(mqttConfigurationProperties.getPassword().toCharArray()); options.setServerURIs(new String[]{mqttConfigurationProperties.getUrl()}); options.setConnectionTimeout(mqttConfigurationProperties.getConnectionTimeout()); options.setKeepAliveInterval(mqttConfigurationProperties.getKeepAlive()); options.setCleanSession(true); // 设置为false以便断线重连后恢复会话 options.setAutomaticReconnect(true); return options; } /** * 连接工厂 * * @param options * @return */ @Bean public MqttPahoClientFactory mqttClientFactory(MqttConnectOptions options) { DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory factory = new DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory(); factory.setConnectionOptions(options); return factory; } /** * 消息输入通道 * 每次只有一个消息处理器可以消费消息。 * 当前消息的处理完成之前,新消息需要排队等待,无法并行处理。 * 默认是:单线程、顺序执行的 * @return */ // @Bean // public DirectChannel mqttInputChannel() { // return new DirectChannel(); // } /** * 支持多线程并发处理消息的输入通道 * * @return */ @Bean public ExecutorChannel mqttInputChannel() { return new ExecutorChannel(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10)); // 线程池大小可以调整 } /** * 配置入站适配器 * * @param mqttClientFactory * @return */ @Bean public MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter messageDrivenChannelAdapter(MqttPahoClientFactory mqttClientFactory) { MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter adapter = new MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter(mqttConfigurationProperties.getSubClientId(), mqttClientFactory); // adapter.addTopic("pub/300119110099"); 订阅主题,也可以放在初始化动态配置 adapter.setOutputChannel(mqttInputChannel()); return adapter; } /** * 配置消息处理器 * * @return */ @Bean @ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "mqttInputChannel") // 指定通道 public MessageHandler messageHandler() { return new MqttReceiverMessageHandler(); } }
5、消息处理器配置
@Slf4j @Component public class MqttReceiverMessageHandler implements MessageHandler { @Autowired private MqttMessageProcessingService mqttMessageProcessingService; @Override public void handleMessage(Message<?> message) throws MessagingException { MessageHeaders headers = message.getHeaders(); log.info("线程名称:{},收到消息,主题:{},消息:{}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), headers.get("mqtt_receivedTopic").toString(), message.getPayload()); // log.info("收到消息主题:{}", headers.get("mqtt_receivedTopic").toString()); // log.info("收到消息:{}", message.getPayload()); // 消息保存到内存队列里面,定时批量入库,也可以在这里直接入库 mqttMessageProcessingService.addMessage(message.getPayload().toString()); } }
6、消息主题缓存对象
@Component public class MqttTopicStore { private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, String> topics = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); public ConcurrentHashMap<String, String> getTopics() { return topics; } }
7、动态订阅数据库主题配置
@Slf4j @Component public class MqttInit { @Autowired private MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter messageDrivenChannelAdapter; @Autowired private MqttTopicStore mqttTopicStore; @PostConstruct public void init() { subscribeAllTopics(); } public void subscribeAllTopics() { // List<MqttTopicConfig> topics = topicConfigMapper.findAllEnabled(); // for (MqttTopicConfig topic : topics) { // subscribeTopic(topic); // } log.info("===================>从数据库里获取并初始化订阅所有主题"); List<String> topics = ListUtil.list(false, "pub/300119110099", "pub1/3010230209810018992", "pub1/30102302098100"); topics.stream().forEach(t -> { messageDrivenChannelAdapter.addTopic(t); // 同时往MqttTopicStore.topics中增加一条记录用于缓存 }); } }
8、消息处理服务
@Service public class MqttMessageProcessingService { @Autowired private MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter messageDrivenChannelAdapter; @Autowired private MqttTopicStore mqttTopicStore; // 内存队列,用于暂存消息 private final BlockingQueue<String> messageQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(); // 添加消息到队列 public void addMessage(String message) { messageQueue.add(message); } /** * 可以放到定时任务里面去,注入后取队列方便维护 * 定时任务,每5秒执行一次 ,建议2分钟一次 理想的触发间隔应略小于数据到达间隔,以确保及时处理和插入 * 如果每 5 分钟收到一条数据,可以设置任务执行周期为4 分钟或更短,以便任务有足够的时间处理数据,同时减少积压的可能性。 */ @Scheduled(fixedRate = 1 * 60 * 1000) public void batchInsertToDatabase() { System.out.println("定时任务执行中,当前队列大小:" + messageQueue.size()); List<String> batch = new ArrayList<>(); messageQueue.drainTo(batch, 500); // 一次性取最多500条消息 if (!batch.isEmpty()) { // 批量插入数据库 saveMessagesToDatabase(batch); } } private void saveMessagesToDatabase(List<String> messages) { // 假设这是批量插入逻辑 System.out.println("批量插入数据库,条数:" + messages.size()); for (String message : messages) { System.out.println("插入消息:" + message); } // 实际数据库操作代码 } /** * 订阅与取消订阅定时任务 */ public void subscribeAndUnsubscribeTask() { // 从数据库获取所有主题,正常状态、删除状态 // 正常状态:判断mqttTopicStore.topics中是否存在,不存在则订阅,并在mqttTopicStore.topics中增加 // 删除状态: 判断mqttTopicStore.topics中是否存在,存在则取消订阅,并在mqttTopicStore.topics中删除 // messageDrivenChannelAdapter.addTopic(t); } }
以上是简单的对接步骤,部分类、方法可以根据实际情况进行合并处理!!!!
9、定时任务
@Slf4j @Configuration @EnableScheduling public class MqttJob { @Value("${schedule.enable}") private boolean enable; @Autowired private MqttMessageProcessingService mqttMessageProcessingService; /** * 定时订阅与取消订阅主题,从共享主题对象MqttTopicStore里面取出主题列表,然后进行订阅或取消订阅 * 每分钟一次 */ public void subscribeAndUnsubscribe() { if (!enable) return; mqttMessageProcessingService.subscribeAndUnsubscribeTask(); } /** * 定时处理队列里面的订阅消息,会有丢失风险,宕机时会丢失队列里面的消息 * 每分钟一次 要考虑一次消息处理的时间;也可先不使用队列,每次收到消息直接实时入库,有性能问题时在启用 */ public void batchSaveSubscribeMessage() { } }
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