C#操作Excel的多种方式小结
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在项目开发过程和办公过程中,经常要遇到对Excel进行创建,读写等操作,excel太多师,整理也成了一大难题。通过程序对excel进行整理能快速提供开发和办公效率。
Excel操作几种方式
使用OleDb(过时)
使用Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel COM组件(兼容性问题)
使用开源库NPOI(常用,操作丰富)
使用OpenXml(效率高)
使用OleDb
通过OleDb操作excel需要安装AccessDatabaseEngine组件,对Excel文件的格式有一定的限制,不支持一些特定的Excel功能。性能可能不如其他方法,比较老旧,基本不用。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 | string excelFilePath = "D:\\Test\\test.xlsx" ; private void OpenExcelByOleDb() { string connectionString = $ "Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source={excelFilePath};Extended Properties='Excel 12.0;HDR=YES;'" ; using (OleDbConnection connection = new OleDbConnection(connectionString)) { try { connection.Open(); Console.WriteLine( "链接成功!" ); // 获取Excel文件中第一个工作表的数据 string query = "SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]" ; using (OleDbCommand command = new OleDbCommand(query, connection)) using (OleDbDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader()) { while (reader.Read()) { // 假设第一列是字符串,第二列是整数 string stringValue = reader.GetString(0); int intValue = reader.GetInt32(1); Console.WriteLine($ "String value: {stringValue}, Integer value: {intValue}" ); } } } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine($ "错误: {ex.Message}" ); } } } |
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel
通过Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel COM组件操作Excel可以实现对Excel文件的高度控制,支持复杂的Excel操作。但对资源的管理需要谨慎处理,易造成资源泄漏且兼容性不高。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 | string excelFilePath = "D:\\Test\\test.xlsx" ; private void OpenExcelByInteropExcel() { // 创建Excel应用程序对象 Excel.Application excelApp = new Excel.Application(); excelApp.Visible = true ; // 可见Excel应用程序界面 // 打开Excel文件 Excel.Workbook workbook = excelApp.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath); Excel.Worksheet worksheet = workbook.Sheets[1] as Excel.Worksheet; // 读取或写入数据 Excel.Range range = worksheet.UsedRange; for ( int row = 1; row <= range.Rows.Count; row++) { for ( int column = 1; column <= range.Columns.Count; column++) { // 处理单元格数据 var cellValue = range.Cells[row, column].Value; Console.WriteLine(cellValue.ToString()); //range.Cells[row, column].Value = 1; } } #region 保存模板 //object Nothing = System.Reflection.Missing.Value; //Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook1 = excelApp.Workbooks.Add(Nothing); //Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet1 = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Sheets["Sheet2"];//打开Sheet2 //worksheet1.Copy(workbook1.Sheets["Sheet1"], Type.Missing);//复制模板Sheet1内容 //workbook.Close(false, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); //workbook1.SaveAs("modelpath", Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value); //workbook1.Close(false, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); #endregion // 释放资源 workbook.Close( false ); excelApp.Quit(); System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excelApp); } |
使用开源库NPOI
使用开源库NPOI操作Excel跨平台,不依赖于Microsoft Office,适用于在服务器端等环境中操作Excel文件。支持读取和写入Excel文件,并提供了丰富的API。但对于复杂的Excel操作,不如COM组件灵活,无法实现一些高级功能。Nuget引用NPOI组件。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 | string excelFilePath = "D:\\Test\\test.xlsx" ; private void OpenExcelByNPOI() { // 读取Excel文件 using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(excelFilePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)) { IWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fs); ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0); // 遍历每一行 for ( int row = 0; row <= sheet.LastRowNum; row++) { IRow currentRow = sheet.GetRow(row); if (currentRow != null ) // 确保行不为空 { // 遍历每一列 for ( int column = 0; column < currentRow.LastCellNum; column++) { ICell currentCell = currentRow.GetCell(column); if (currentCell != null ) // 确保单元格不为空 { // 处理单元格数据 var cellValue = currentCell.ToString(); Console.WriteLine(cellValue); } } } } } } |
使用OpenXml
使用OpenXml操作Excel,它直接对文件流进行操作,而无需将整个文档加载到内存中,无需安装 Microsoft Office,非常适合服务器端应用程序和批处理。Nuget引用DocumentFormat.OpenXml 组件。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 | string excelFilePath = "D:\\Test\\test.xlsx" ; private void OpenExcelByOpenXml() { //流式传输文件,性能高 using (SpreadsheetDocument doc = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(excelFilePath, false )) { WorkbookPart workbookPart = doc.WorkbookPart; Sheet sheet = workbookPart.Workbook.Sheets.GetFirstChild<Sheet>(); WorksheetPart worksheetPart = (WorksheetPart)workbookPart.GetPartById(sheet.Id); OpenXmlReader reader = OpenXmlReader.Create(worksheetPart); while (reader.Read()) { if (reader.ElementType == typeof (DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.Row)) { DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.Row row = (DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.Row)reader.LoadCurrentElement(); foreach (DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.Cell cell in row.Elements<DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.Cell>()) { string cellValue = GetCellValue(doc, cell); Console.Write(cellValue + " " ); } Console.WriteLine(); } } } } /// <summary> /// OpenXml获取单元格值 /// 流式传输 /// </summary> /// <param name="doc"></param> /// <param name="cell"></param> /// <returns></returns> private static string GetCellValue(SpreadsheetDocument doc, DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet.Cell cell) { SharedStringTablePart stringTablePart = doc.WorkbookPart.SharedStringTablePart; string value = cell.CellValue.InnerXml; if (cell.DataType != null && cell.DataType.Value == CellValues.SharedString) { return stringTablePart.SharedStringTable.ChildElements[Int32.Parse(value)].InnerText; } else { return value; } } |
Excel与DatagridView之间操作
Excel文件导入DateGridView
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 | /// <summary> /// Excel导入DataGridView /// </summary> /// <param name="excelFilePath"></param> /// <param name="dataGridView"></param> public static void ImportExcelToDataGridView( string excelFilePath, DataGridView dataGridView) { Excel.Application excelApp = new Excel.Application(); Excel.Workbook workbook = excelApp.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath); Excel.Worksheet worksheet = workbook.Sheets[1]; Range usedRange = worksheet.UsedRange; for ( int i = 1; i <= usedRange.Columns.Count; i++) { DataGridViewColumn column = new DataGridViewColumn(); column.Name = "Column" + i; column.HeaderText = "Column" + i; column.CellTemplate = new DataGridViewTextBoxCell(); dataGridView.Columns.Add(column); } dataGridView.Rows.Clear(); for ( int i = 1; i <= usedRange.Rows.Count; i++) { DataGridViewRow row = new DataGridViewRow(); for ( int j = 1; j <= usedRange.Columns.Count; j++) { row.Cells.Add( new DataGridViewTextBoxCell()); row.Cells[j - 1].Value = usedRange.Cells[i, j].Value; } dataGridView.Rows.Add(row); } workbook.Close(); excelApp.Quit(); System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(worksheet); System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workbook); System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excelApp); worksheet = null ; workbook = null ; excelApp = null ; GC.Collect(); } |
DateGridView导出Excel文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 | /// <summary> /// Datagridview导出excel /// </summary> /// <param name="fileName"></param> /// <param name="myDGV"></param> private void DatagridViewToExcel( DataGridView myDGV) { string saveFileName = "" ; SaveFileDialog saveDialog = new SaveFileDialog(); saveDialog.DefaultExt = "xls" ; saveDialog.Filter = "Excel文件|*.xls" ; if (saveDialog.ShowDialog()==DialogResult.Cancel) { return ; } saveFileName = saveDialog.FileName; if (saveFileName.IndexOf( ":" ) < 0) return ; //被点了取消 Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); if (xlApp == null ) { MessageBox.Show( "无法创建Excel对象,可能您的机子未安装Excel" ); return ; } Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1]; //取得sheet1 //写入标题 for ( int i = 0; i < myDGV.ColumnCount; i++) { worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1] = myDGV.Columns[i].HeaderText; } //写入数值 for ( int r = 0; r < myDGV.Rows.Count; r++) { for ( int i = 0; i < myDGV.ColumnCount; i++) { worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = myDGV.Rows[r].Cells[i].Value; } System.Windows.Forms.Application.DoEvents(); } worksheet.Columns.EntireColumn.AutoFit(); //列宽自适应 if (saveFileName != "" ) { try { workbook.Saved = true ; workbook.SaveCopyAs(saveFileName); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show( "导出文件时出错,文件可能正被打开!\n" + ex.Message); } } xlApp.Quit(); GC.Collect(); //强行销毁 MessageBox.Show( "文件: " + saveFileName + ".xls 保存成功" , "信息提示" , MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information); } |
CSV与DatagridView之间操作
csv文件导入DateGridView
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 | /// <summary> /// 将csv文件数据导入datagridview /// </summary> /// <param name="csvPath"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static void ImportCSV(DataGridView dgv) { string filePath; OpenFileDialog openFileDialog = new OpenFileDialog(); openFileDialog.Filter = "CSV files (*.csv)|*.csv" ; openFileDialog.FilterIndex = 0; if (openFileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { filePath = openFileDialog.FileName; } else { return ; } System.Data.DataTable dt = new System.Data.DataTable(); using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(filePath)) { string [] headers = sr.ReadLine().Split( ',' ); string headerValue = null ; foreach ( string header in headers) { headerValue = header.Replace( "\"" , "" ); dt.Columns.Add(headerValue); } while (!sr.EndOfStream) { string [] rows = sr.ReadLine().Split( ',' ); DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); for ( int i = 0; i < headers.Length; i++) { dr[i] = rows[i].Replace( "\"" , "" ); } dt.Rows.Add(dr); } } dgv.DataSource = dt; } |
DateGridView导出csv文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 | /// <summary> /// DateGridView导出到csv格式的Excel,通用 /// </summary> /// <param name="dgv"></param> public static void ExportToCSV(DataGridView dgv) { string filePath; SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog = new SaveFileDialog(); saveFileDialog.Filter = "CSV files (*.csv)|*.csv" ; saveFileDialog.FilterIndex = 0; if (saveFileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { filePath = saveFileDialog.FileName; } else { return ; } using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(filePath)) { // 写入列标题 string headers = string .Join( "," , dgv.Columns.Cast<DataGridViewColumn>().Select(column => "\"" + column.HeaderText + "\"" ).ToArray()); sw.WriteLine(headers); // 写入数据行 foreach (DataGridViewRow row in dgv.Rows) { string line = string .Join( "," , row.Cells.Cast<DataGridViewCell>().Select(cell => "\"" + cell.Value?.ToString().Replace( "\"" , "\"\"" ) + "\"" ).ToArray()); sw.WriteLine(line); } } } |
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