一文掌握JavaWeb登录认证

{
   "username": "jinyong",
   "password": "123456"
}

{
  "code": 1,
  "msg": "success",
  "data": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJuYW1lIjoi6YeR5bq4IiwiaWQiOjEsInVzZXJuYW1lIjoiamlueW9uZyIsImV4cCI6MTY2MjIwNzA0OH0.KkUc_CXJZJ8Dd063eImx4H9Ojfrr6XMJ-yVzaWCVZCo"
}

@RestController
public class LoginController {
    @Autowired
    private EmpService empService;
    @PostMapping("/login")
    public Result login(@RequestBody Emp emp){
        Emp e = empService.login(emp);
        return  e != null ? Result.success():Result.error("用户名或密码错误");
    }
}

public interface EmpService {
    /**
     * 用户登录
     * @param emp
     * @return
     */
    public Emp login(Emp emp);
    //省略其他代码...
}

@Slf4j
@Service
public class EmpServiceImpl implements EmpService {
    @Autowired
    private EmpMapper empMapper;
    @Override
    public Emp login(Emp emp) {
        //调用dao层功能：登录
        Emp loginEmp = empMapper.getByUsernameAndPassword(emp);
        //返回查询结果给Controller
        return loginEmp;
    }   
    //省略其他代码...
}

@Mapper
public interface EmpMapper {
    @Select("select id, username, password, name, gender, image, job, entrydate, dept_id, create_time, update_time " +
            "from emp " +
            "where username=#{username} and password =#{password}")
    public Emp getByUsernameAndPassword(Emp emp);
    //省略其他代码...
}

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class SessionController {
    //设置Cookie
    @GetMapping("/c1")
    public Result cookie1(HttpServletResponse response){
        response.addCookie(new Cookie("login_username","xc")); //设置Cookie/响应Cookie
        return Result.success();
    }
    //获取Cookie
    @GetMapping("/c2")
    public Result cookie2(HttpServletRequest request){
        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
        for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
            if(cookie.getName().equals("login_username")){
                System.out.println("login_username: "+cookie.getValue()); //输出name为login_username的cookie
            }
        }
        return Result.success();
    }
}    

@Slf4j
@RestController
public class SessionController {
    @GetMapping("/s1")
    public Result session1(HttpSession session){
        log.info("HttpSession-s1: {}", session.hashCode());
        session.setAttribute("loginUser", "tom"); //往session中存储数据
        return Result.success();
    }
    @GetMapping("/s2")
    public Result session2(HttpServletRequest request){
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        log.info("HttpSession-s2: {}", session.hashCode());
        Object loginUser = session.getAttribute("loginUser"); //从session中获取数据
        log.info("loginUser: {}", loginUser);
        return Result.success(loginUser);
    }
}

<!-- JWT依赖-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

@Test
public void genJwt(){
    Map<String,Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
    claims.put("id",1);
    claims.put("username","Tom");
    String jwt = Jwts.builder()
        .setClaims(claims) //自定义内容(载荷)          
        .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, "xc") //签名算法        
        .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + 24*3600*1000)) //有效期   
        .compact();
    System.out.println(jwt);
}

@Test
public void parseJwt(){
    Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
        .setSigningKey("xc")//指定签名密钥（必须保证和生成令牌时使用相同的签名密钥）  
        .parseClaimsJws("eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpZCI6MSwiZXhwIjoxNjcyNzI5NzMwfQ.fHi0Ub8npbyt71UqLXDdLyipptLgxBUg_mSuGJtXtBk")
        .getBody();
    System.out.println(claims);
}

@Test
public void genJwt(){
    Map<String,Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
    claims.put(“id”,1);
    claims.put(“username”,“Tom”);
    String jwt = Jwts.builder()
        .setClaims(claims) //自定义内容(载荷)          
        .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, “xc”) //签名算法        
        .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + 60*1000)) //有效期60秒   
        .compact();
    System.out.println(jwt);
    //输出结果：eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpZCI6MSwiZXhwIjoxNjczMDA5NzU0fQ.RcVIR65AkGiax-ID6FjW60eLFH3tPTKdoK7UtE4A1ro
}
@Test
public void parseJwt(){
    Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
        .setSigningKey("xc")//指定签名密钥
.parseClaimsJws("eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpZCI6MSwiZXhwIjoxNjczMDA5NzU0fQ.RcVIR65AkGiax-ID6FjW60eLFH3tPTKdoK7UtE4A1ro")
        .getBody();
    System.out.println(claims);
}

{
  "code": 1,
  "msg": "success",
  "data": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJuYW1lIjoi6YeR5bq4IiwiaWQiOjEsInVzZXJuYW1lIjoiamlueW9uZyIsImV4cCI6MTY2MjIwNzA0OH0.KkUc_CXJZJ8Dd063eImx4H9Ojfrr6XMJ-yVzaWCVZCo"
}

{
    "code": 0,
    "msg": "NOT_LOGIN",
    "data": null
}

public class JwtUtils {
    private static String signKey = "xc";//签名密钥
    private static Long expire = 43200000L; //有效时间
    /**
     * 生成JWT令牌
     * @param claims JWT第二部分负载 payload 中存储的内容
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateJwt(Map<String, Object> claims){
        String jwt = Jwts.builder()
                .addClaims(claims)//自定义信息（有效载荷）
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, signKey)//签名算法（头部）
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expire))//过期时间
                .compact();
        return jwt;
    }
    /**
     * 解析JWT令牌
     * @param jwt JWT令牌
     * @return JWT第二部分负载 payload 中存储的内容
     */
    public static Claims parseJWT(String jwt){
        Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
                .setSigningKey(signKey)//指定签名密钥
                .parseClaimsJws(jwt)//指定令牌Token
                .getBody();
        return claims;
    }
}

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class LoginController {
    //依赖业务层对象
    @Autowired
    private EmpService empService;
    @PostMapping("/login")
    public Result login(@RequestBody Emp emp) {
        //调用业务层：登录功能
        Emp loginEmp = empService.login(emp);
        //判断：登录用户是否存在
        if(loginEmp !=null ){
            //自定义信息
            Map<String , Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
            claims.put("id", loginEmp.getId());
            claims.put("username",loginEmp.getUsername());
            claims.put("name",loginEmp.getName());
            //使用JWT工具类，生成身份令牌
            String token = JwtUtils.generateJwt(claims);
            return Result.success(token);
        }
        return Result.error("用户名或密码错误");
    }
}

//定义一个类，实现一个标准的Filter过滤器的接口
public class DemoFilter implements Filter {
    @Override //初始化方法, 只调用一次
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init 初始化方法执行了");
    }
    @Override //拦截到请求之后调用, 调用多次
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("Demo 拦截到了请求...放行前逻辑");
        //放行
        chain.doFilter(request,response);
    }
    @Override //销毁方法, 只调用一次
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy 销毁方法执行了");
    }
}

@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*") //配置过滤器要拦截的请求路径（ /* 表示拦截浏览器的所有请求 ）
public class DemoFilter implements Filter {
    @Override //初始化方法, 只调用一次
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init 初始化方法执行了");
    }
    @Override //拦截到请求之后调用, 调用多次
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("Demo 拦截到了请求...放行前逻辑");
        //放行
        chain.doFilter(request,response);
    }
    @Override //销毁方法, 只调用一次
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy 销毁方法执行了");
    }
}

@ServletComponentScan
@SpringBootApplication
public class WebManagementApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(WebManagementApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*") 
public class DemoFilter implements Filter {
    @Override //初始化方法, 只调用一次
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init 初始化方法执行了");
    }
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("DemoFilter   放行前逻辑.....");
        //放行请求
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("DemoFilter   放行后逻辑.....");
    }
    @Override //销毁方法, 只调用一次
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy 销毁方法执行了");
    }
}

@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/login")  //拦截/login具体路径
public class DemoFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("DemoFilter   放行前逻辑.....");
        //放行请求
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("DemoFilter   放行后逻辑.....");
    }
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        Filter.super.init(filterConfig);
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        Filter.super.destroy();
    }
}

@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/depts/*") //拦截所有以/depts开头，后面是什么无所谓
public class DemoFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("DemoFilter   放行前逻辑.....");
        //放行请求
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("DemoFilter   放行后逻辑.....");
    }
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        Filter.super.init(filterConfig);
    }
    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        Filter.super.destroy();
    }
}

@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*")
public class AbcFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("Abc 拦截到了请求... 放行前逻辑");
        //放行
        chain.doFilter(request,response);
        System.out.println("Abc 拦截到了请求... 放行后逻辑");
    }
}

@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*") 
public class DemoFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("DemoFilter   放行前逻辑.....");
        //放行请求
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("DemoFilter   放行后逻辑.....");
    }
}

@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*")
public class XbcFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("Xbc 拦截到了请求...放行前逻辑");
        //放行
        chain.doFilter(request,response);
        System.out.println("Xbc 拦截到了请求...放行后逻辑");
    }
}

请求路径：/login
请求方式：POST
接口描述：该接口用于员工登录Tlias智能学习辅助系统，登录完毕后，系统下发JWT令牌。 

{
    "username": "jinyong",
    "password": "123456"
}

{
  "code": 1,
  "msg": "success",
  "data": "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJuYW1lIjoi6YeR5bq4IiwiaWQiOjEsInVzZXJuYW1lIjoiamlueW9uZyIsImV4cCI6MTY2MjIwNzA0OH0.KkUc_CXJZJ8Dd063eImx4H9Ojfrr6XMJ-yVzaWCVZCo"
}

{
    "code": 0,
    "msg": "NOT_LOGIN",
    "data": null
}

@Slf4j
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*") //拦截所有请求
public class LoginCheckFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        //前置：强制转换为http协议的请求对象、响应对象 （转换原因：要使用子类中特有方法）
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
        //1.获取请求url
        String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
        log.info("请求路径：{}", url); //请求路径：http://localhost:8080/login
        //2.判断请求url中是否包含login，如果包含，说明是登录操作，放行
        if(url.contains("/login")){
            chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行请求
            return;//结束当前方法的执行
        }
        //3.获取请求头中的令牌（token）
        String token = request.getHeader("token");
        log.info("从请求头中获取的令牌：{}",token);
        //4.判断令牌是否存在，如果不存在，返回错误结果（未登录）
        if(!StringUtils.hasLength(token)){
            log.info("Token不存在");
            Result responseResult = Result.error("NOT_LOGIN");
            //把Result对象转换为JSON格式字符串 (fastjson是阿里巴巴提供的用于实现对象和json的转换工具类)
            String json = JSONObject.toJSONString(responseResult);
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            //响应
            response.getWriter().write(json);
            return;
        }
        //5.解析token，如果解析失败，返回错误结果（未登录）
        try {
            JwtUtils.parseJWT(token);
        }catch (Exception e){
            log.info("令牌解析失败!");
            Result responseResult = Result.error("NOT_LOGIN");
            //把Result对象转换为JSON格式字符串 (fastjson是阿里巴巴提供的用于实现对象和json的转换工具类)
            String json = JSONObject.toJSONString(responseResult);
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            //响应
            response.getWriter().write(json);
            return;
        }
        //6.放行
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
}

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.76</version>
</dependency>

//自定义拦截器
@Component
public class LoginCheckInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //目标资源方法执行前执行。 返回true：放行    返回false：不放行
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle .... ");
        return true; //true表示放行
    }
    //目标资源方法执行后执行
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle ... ");
    }
    //视图渲染完毕后执行，最后执行
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion .... ");
    }
}

@Configuration  
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    //自定义的拦截器对象
    @Autowired
    private LoginCheckInterceptor loginCheckInterceptor;
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
       //注册自定义拦截器对象
        registry.addInterceptor(loginCheckInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**");//设置拦截器拦截的请求路径（ /** 表示拦截所有请求）
    }
}

@Configuration  
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    //拦截器对象
    @Autowired
    private LoginCheckInterceptor loginCheckInterceptor;
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        //注册自定义拦截器对象
        registry.addInterceptor(loginCheckInterceptor)
                .addPathPatterns("/**")//设置拦截器拦截的请求路径（ /** 表示拦截所有请求）
                .excludePathPatterns("/login");//设置不拦截的请求路径
    }
}

@Configuration 
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    //拦截器对象
    @Autowired
    private LoginCheckInterceptor loginCheckInterceptor;
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
       //注册自定义拦截器对象
        registry.addInterceptor(loginCheckInterceptor)
                .addPathPatterns("/*")
                .excludePathPatterns("/login");//设置不拦截的请求路径
    }
}

@Component
public class LoginCheckInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle .... ");
        return true; //true表示放行
    }
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle ... ");
    }
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion .... ");
    }
}

@Configuration  
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    //拦截器对象
    @Autowired
    private LoginCheckInterceptor loginCheckInterceptor;
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        //注册自定义拦截器对象
        registry.addInterceptor(loginCheckInterceptor)
                .addPathPatterns("/**")//拦截所有请求
                .excludePathPatterns("/login");//不拦截登录请求
    }
}

@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*") 
public class DemoFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("DemoFilter   放行前逻辑.....");
        //放行请求
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("DemoFilter   放行后逻辑.....");
    }
}

//自定义拦截器
@Component //当前拦截器对象由Spring创建和管理
@Slf4j
public class LoginCheckInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //前置方式
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle .... ");
        //1.获取请求url
        //2.判断请求url中是否包含login，如果包含，说明是登录操作，放行
        //3.获取请求头中的令牌（token）
        String token = request.getHeader("token");
        log.info("从请求头中获取的令牌：{}",token);
        //4.判断令牌是否存在，如果不存在，返回错误结果（未登录）
        if(!StringUtils.hasLength(token)){
            log.info("Token不存在");
            //创建响应结果对象
            Result responseResult = Result.error("NOT_LOGIN");
            //把Result对象转换为JSON格式字符串 (fastjson是阿里巴巴提供的用于实现对象和json的转换工具类)
            String json = JSONObject.toJSONString(responseResult);
            //设置响应头（告知浏览器：响应的数据类型为json、响应的数据编码表为utf-8）
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            //响应
            response.getWriter().write(json);
            return false;//不放行
        }
        //5.解析token，如果解析失败，返回错误结果（未登录）
        try {
            JwtUtils.parseJWT(token);
        }catch (Exception e){
            log.info("令牌解析失败!");
            //创建响应结果对象
            Result responseResult = Result.error("NOT_LOGIN");
            //把Result对象转换为JSON格式字符串 (fastjson是阿里巴巴提供的用于实现对象和json的转换工具类)
            String json = JSONObject.toJSONString(responseResult);
            //设置响应头
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            //响应
            response.getWriter().write(json);
            return false;
        }
        //6.放行
        return true;
    }

@Configuration  
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    //拦截器对象
    @Autowired
    private LoginCheckInterceptor loginCheckInterceptor;
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
       //注册自定义拦截器对象
        registry.addInterceptor(loginCheckInterceptor)
                .addPathPatterns("/**")
                .excludePathPatterns("/login");
    }
}