springboot 实现长链接转短链接的示例代码
作者：鹏鹏博客
短链接服务通过将长URL转换成6位短码,并存储长短链接对应关系到数据库中,用户访问短链接时,系统通过查询数据库并重定向到原始URL,实现快速访问,本文就来介绍一下如何使用,感兴趣的可以了解一下
实现结果：
转换短链接api：
接口：http://127.0.0.1/api?url=urlencode('要缩短的网址')
例如：http://127.0.0.1/api?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.baidu.com
返回：http://127.0.0.1/baidu
访问短链接即可还原原url；
转换原理： 将原url通过一系列方式，转换成6位短码（只要能不重复，随便怎么方式都行）；将长短链接存入数据库，形成一条对应关系；访问短链接的时候，在数据库找到对应的长链接，并通过重定向实现原url的访问；（如果你的转换方式能过还原，也可以不要数据库，但必须保证转换后的短码不能重复）
实现步骤：
1.创建数据库（shorturl），创建一个表，存储长链接和与之对应的短链接；
CREATE TABLE `link` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键', `long_url` varchar(500) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '长链接', `short_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '短链接', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
2.搭建springboot项目，搭建方式网上很多，自行查找；下图是项目构建完成的项目结构（public可以忽略）：
3.逻辑层代码依次是：
entity:
package com.tips.entity;
public class Link {
private Integer id;
private String longUrl;
private String shortUrl;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getLongUrl() {
return longUrl;
}
public void setLongUrl(String longUrl) {
this.longUrl = longUrl;
}
public String getShortUrl() {
return shortUrl;
}
public void setShortUrl(String shortUrl) {
this.shortUrl = shortUrl;
}
}
dao:
package com.tips.mapper;
import com.tips.entity.Link;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
@Mapper
public interface LinkMapper {
Link selectByPrimaryKey(Integer id);
int insert(Link link);
Link findByLongUrl(String longUrl);
String findByShortUrl(String shortUrl);
}
service:
package com.tips.service;
import com.tips.entity.Link;
public interface LinkService {
String save(Link link);
String restoreUrl(String url);
}
service.impl:
package com.tips.service.impl;
import com.tips.entity.Link;
import com.tips.mapper.LinkMapper;
import com.tips.service.LinkService;
import com.tips.util.MD5Util;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class LinkServiceImpl implements LinkService{
@Autowired
private LinkMapper linkMapper;
/**
* 转化url
* 查询数据库是否已经存在 如果存在就返回数据库对应的短链接，如果不存在就查询一条新纪录并返回新的短链接
* <strong>@param </strong>link
* <strong>@return
</strong><strong> </strong>*/
@Override
public String save(Link link) {
String shortUrl = "http://127.0.0.1/";
String longUrl = link.getLongUrl();
System.out.println(longUrl);
Link link1 = linkMapper.findByLongUrl(longUrl);
if(link1 == null) {
shortUrl += this.gererateShortUrl(longUrl);
link.setShortUrl(shortUrl);
linkMapper.insert(link);
}else{
shortUrl = link1.getShortUrl();
}
return shortUrl;
}
@Override
public String restoreUrl(String url) {
return linkMapper.findByShortUrl(url);
}
/**
* <strong>@param </strong>args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
String sLongUrl = "http://474515923.qzone.qq.com" ; //长链接
LinkServiceImpl link = new LinkServiceImpl();
String result = link.gererateShortUrl(sLongUrl);
// 打印出结果
System.out.println("短链接为： "+ result);
}
/**
* 将长链接转换为短链接
* <strong>@param </strong>url
* <strong>@return
</strong><strong> </strong>*/
public String gererateShortUrl(String url) {
// 可以自定义生成 MD5 加密字符传前的混合 KEY
String key = "caron" ;
// 要使用生成 URL 的字符
String[] chars = new String[] { "a" , "b" , "c" , "d" , "e" , "f" , "g" , "h" ,
"i" , "j" , "k" , "l" , "m" , "n" , "o" , "p" , "q" , "r" , "s" , "t" ,
"u" , "v" , "w" , "x" , "y" , "z" , "0" , "1" , "2" , "3" , "4" , "5" ,
"6" , "7" , "8" , "9" , "A" , "B" , "C" , "D" , "E" , "F" , "G" , "H" ,
"I" , "J" , "K" , "L" , "M" , "N" , "O" , "P" , "Q" , "R" , "S" , "T" ,
"U" , "V" , "W" , "X" , "Y" , "Z"
};
// 对传入网址进行 MD5 加密
String sMD5EncryptResult = MD5Util.MD5(key+url);
String hex = sMD5EncryptResult;
// String[] resUrl = new String[4];
// for ( int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
// 把加密字符按照 8 位一组 16 进制与 0x3FFFFFFF 进行位与运算
String sTempSubString = hex.substring(2 * 8, 2 * 8 + 8); //固定取第三组
// 这里需要使用 long 型来转换，因为 Inteper .parseInt() 只能处理 31 位 , 首位为符号位 , 如果不用 long ，则会越界
long lHexLong = 0x3FFFFFFF & Long.parseLong (sTempSubString, 16);
String outChars = "" ;
for ( int j = 0; j < 6; j++) {
// 把得到的值与 0x0000003D 进行位与运算，取得字符数组 chars 索引
long index = 0x0000003D & lHexLong;
// 把取得的字符相加
outChars += chars[( int ) index];
// 每次循环按位右移 5 位
lHexLong = lHexLong >> 5;
}
// 把字符串存入对应索引的输出数组
// resUrl[i] = outChars;
// }
return outChars;
}
}util:
package com.tips.util;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
public class MD5Util {
// MD5加码。32位
public static String MD5(String inStr) {
MessageDigest md5 = null;
try {
md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
e.printStackTrace();
return "";
}
char[] charArray = inStr.toCharArray();
byte[] byteArray = new byte[charArray.length];
for (int i = 0; i < charArray.length; i++)
byteArray[i] = (byte) charArray[i];
byte[] md5Bytes = md5.digest(byteArray);
StringBuffer hexValue = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < md5Bytes.length; i++) {
int val = ((int) md5Bytes[i]) & 0xff;
if (val < 16)
hexValue.append("0");
hexValue.append(Integer.toHexString(val));
}
return hexValue.toString();
}
// 可逆的加密算法
public static String KL(String inStr) {
// String s = new String(inStr);
char[] a = inStr.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
a[i] = (char) (a[i] ^ 't');
}
String s = new String(a);
return s;
}
// 加密后解密
public static String JM(String inStr) {
char[] a = inStr.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
a[i] = (char) (a[i] ^ 't');
}
String k = new String(a);
return k;
}
// 测试主函数
public static void main(String args[]) {
String s = new String("a");
System.out.println("原始：" + s);
System.out.println("MD5后：" + MD5(s));
System.out.println("MD5后再加密：" + KL(MD5(s)));
System.out.println("解密为MD5后的：" + JM(KL(MD5(s))));
System.out.println("判断是否相同：" + MD5(s).equals(JM(KL(MD5(s)))));
}
} mapper：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.tips.mapper.LinkMapper">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.tips.entity.Link">
<id column="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="id" />
<result column="long_url" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="longUrl" />
<result column="short_url" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="shortUrl" />
</resultMap>
<sql id="Base_Column_List">
id, long_url, short_url
</sql>
<!-- 根据长链接查询 -->
<select id="findByLongUrl" parameterType="java.lang.String" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select
<include refid="Base_Column_List" />
from link
where long_url = #{longUrl,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
</select>
<!-- 根据短链接查询 -->
<select id="findByShortUrl" parameterType="java.lang.String" resultType="java.lang.String">
select long_url from link
where short_url = #{shortUrl,jdbcType=VARCHAR}
</select>
<select id="selectByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select
<include refid="Base_Column_List" />
from link
where id = #{id,jdbcType=INTEGER}
</select>
<insert id="insert" parameterType="com.tips.entity.Link">
insert into link (id, long_url, short_url)
values (#{id,jdbcType=INTEGER}, #{longUrl,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{shortUrl,jdbcType=VARCHAR})
</insert>
</mapper>controller:
package com.tips.controller;
import com.tips.entity.Link;
import com.tips.service.LinkService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class LinkController {
@Autowired
private LinkService linkService;
/**
* 生成短链接
* @param url
* @return Caron
*/
@RequestMapping("/api")
@ResponseBody
public Object save(String url){
if (url == null || "".equals(url)){
return null;
}
if(url.startsWith("http://") || url.startsWith("https://")){
Link link = new Link();
link.setLongUrl(url);
return linkService.save(link);
}else{
return "网址必须以http或https开头";
}
}
/**
* 301跳转
* @param url
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/{url}")
public String restoreUrl(@PathVariable("url") String url){
String restoreUrl = linkService.restoreUrl("http://cni.tips/"+url);
if(restoreUrl != null && !"".equals(restoreUrl)){
return "redirect:"+restoreUrl;
}else{
return "redirect:http://www.cnilink.com";
// return "forward:/404.html"; //如果要访问本地html，@RequestMapping("/{url}")前面必须加一层路径/aa/{url}
}
}
}application.properties:
pom.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com</groupId> <artifactId>tips</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>tips</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
基本所有源码都贴出来了。跑起来试一下呗
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