SpringBoot中生成二维码的案例分享
作者:码到三十五
在Spring Boot项目中整合ZXing库来生成二维码是一个常见的需求,zxing是一个功能强大的开源Java库,专门用于二维码的生成与解析,它支持Android、iOS、Java等多个平台,本文小编将给大家分享SpringBoot中生成二维码的案例,需要的朋友可以参考下
引言
在Spring Boot项目中整合ZXing库来生成二维码是一个常见的需求。
zxing,全称"Zebra Crossing",是一个功能强大的开源Java库,专门用于二维码的生成与解析。它不仅能够生成QR码,还能解析包括QR码在内的多种二维码格式。ZXing提供了多语言API,使得开发者能够轻松地将二维码功能集成到各种应用中。它支持Android、iOS、Java等多个平台,并且除了QR码,还能解析其他一维码和二维码,如EAN、UPC、DataMatrix等。
1. 添加zxing库的依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId> <artifactId>core</artifactId> <version>3.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId> <artifactId>javase</artifactId> <version>3.5.2</version> </dependency>
2. 生成二维码
创建一个SpringBoot服务类QRCodeService
,用于生成二维码图片:
import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat; import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType; import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter; import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageWriter; import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix; import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.file.FileSystems; import java.nio.file.Path; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @Service public class QRCodeService { public void generateQRCodeImage(String text, int width, int height, String filePath) throws IOException { Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>(); hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8"); hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.M); hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 2); BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(text, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, hints); Path path = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath(filePath); MatrixToImageWriter.writeToPath(bitMatrix, "PNG", path); } }
3. 调用二维码服务
3.1 将二维码图拍你保存
最后在SpringBoot的Controller中调用这个服务:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.io.IOException; @RestController public class QRCodeController { @Autowired private QRCodeService qrCodeService; @GetMapping("/generateQRCode") public String generateQRCode(@RequestParam String text, @RequestParam int width, @RequestParam int height) { try { qrCodeService.generateQRCodeImage(text, width, height, "myqrcode.png"); return "QR Code generated successfully!"; } catch (IOException e) { return "QR Code generation failed: " + e.getMessage(); } } }
当访问/generateQRCode
端点并传递text
、width
和height
参数时,它将生成一个名为myqrcode.png
的二维码图片并保存到项目根目录下。
http://localhost:8080/generateQRCode?text=Hello,World!&width=350&height=350
3.2 直接返回二维码图片
修改QRCodeController
来返回二维码图片:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.core.io.ByteArrayResource; import org.springframework.core.io.Resource; import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat; import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType; import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter; import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix; import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel; @RestController public class QRCodeController { @GetMapping("/generateQRCode") public ResponseEntity<Resource> generateQRCode(@RequestParam String text, @RequestParam Integer width, @RequestParam Integer height) throws IOException { BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(text, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, width, height, getHints()); BufferedImage qrCodeImage = MatrixToImageWriter.toBufferedImage(bitMatrix); ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ImageIO.write(qrCodeImage, "PNG", byteArrayOutputStream); byte[] qrCodeBytes = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray(); HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.add(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, MediaType.IMAGE_PNG_VALUE); return ResponseEntity.ok() .headers(headers) .contentLength(qrCodeBytes.length) .body(new ByteArrayResource(qrCodeBytes)); } private Map<EncodeHintType, Object> getHints() { Map<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new HashMap<>(); hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8"); hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.M); hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 2); return hints; } }
generateQRCode
先生成二维码的BitMatrix
,然后转换为BufferedImage
,以便获取二维码图片的字节流。
3.2 注册BufferedImage消息转换器返回图片
3.2中返回图片也可以通过注册一个SpringBoot的消息转换器来实现:
@Bean public HttpMessageConverter<BufferedImage> createImageHttpMessageConverter() { return new BufferedImageHttpMessageConverter(); }
返回图片
package com.example.demo.controller; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat; import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.MatrixToImageWriter; import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix; import com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeWriter; @RestController @RequestMapping("/qr") public class QrCodeController { @GetMapping(value = "/{barcode}", produces = MediaType.IMAGE_PNG_VALUE) public ResponseEntity<BufferedImage> barbecueEAN13Barcode(@PathVariable("barcode") String barcode) throws Exception { QRCodeWriter barcodeWriter = new QRCodeWriter(); BitMatrix bitMatrix = barcodeWriter.encode(barcode, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, 200, 200); return new ResponseEntity<>(MatrixToImageWriter.toBufferedImage(bitMatrix),HttpStatus.OK); } }
现在,当访问/qr
端点时,将直接收到一个二维码图片作为响应。
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