C++实现图片转base64的示例代码
作者：hei_ya
Base64就是一种 基于64个可打印字符来表示二进制数据的表示方法,本文主要为大家详细介绍了如何使用C++实现图片转base64,需要的可以参考下
1.base64编码的原因
网络传送渠道并不支持所有的字节，例如传统的邮件只支持可见字符的传送，像ASCII码的控制字符就不能通过邮件传送。这样用途就受到了很大的限制，比如图片二进制流的每个字节不可能全部是可见字符，所以就传送不了。最好的方法就是在不改变传统协议的情 况下，做一种扩展方案来支持二进制文件的传送。把不可打印的字符也能用可打印字符来表示，问题就解决了。Base64编码应运而生，Base64就是一种 基于64个可打印字符来表示二进制数据的表示方法。
2.base64编码原理
Base64编码的思想是是采用64个基本的ASCII码字符对数据进行重新编码。它将需要编码的数据拆分成字节数组。以3个字节为一组。按顺序排列24 位数据，再把这24位数据分成4组，即每组6位。再在每组的的最高位前补两个0凑足一个字节。这样就把一个3字节为一组的数据重新编码成了4个字节。当所要编码的数据的字节数不是3的整倍数，也就是说在分组时最后一组不够3个字节。这时在最后一组填充1到2个0字节。
3.实现代码
ZBase64.h
#include string
using namespace std;
class ZBase64
{
public:
/*编码
DataByte
[in]输入的数据长度,以字节为单位
*/
string Encode(const unsigned char* Data,int DataByte);
/*解码
DataByte
[in]输入的数据长度,以字节为单位
OutByte
[out]输出的数据长度,以字节为单位,请不要通过返回值计算
输出数据的长度
*/
string Decode(const char* Data,int DataByte,int& OutByte);
};ZBase64.cpp
#include "ZBase64.h"
string ZBase64::Encode(const unsigned char* Data,int DataByte)
{
//编码表
const char EncodeTable[]="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
//返回值
string strEncode;
unsigned char Tmp[4]={0};
int LineLength=0;
for(int i=0;i<(int)(DataByte / 3);i++)
{
Tmp[1] = *Data++;
Tmp[2] = *Data++;
Tmp[3] = *Data++;
strEncode+= EncodeTable[Tmp[1] >> 2];
strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] << 4) | (Tmp[2] >> 4)) & 0x3F];
strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[2] << 2) | (Tmp[3] >> 6)) & 0x3F];
strEncode+= EncodeTable[Tmp[3] & 0x3F];
if(LineLength+=4,LineLength==76) {strEncode+="\r\n";LineLength=0;}
}
//对剩余数据进行编码
int Mod=DataByte % 3;
if(Mod==1)
{
Tmp[1] = *Data++;
strEncode+= EncodeTable[(Tmp[1] & 0xFC) >> 2];
strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] & 0x03) << 4)];
strEncode+= "==";
}
else if(Mod==2)
{
Tmp[1] = *Data++;
Tmp[2] = *Data++;
strEncode+= EncodeTable[(Tmp[1] & 0xFC) >> 2];
strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] & 0x03) << 4) | ((Tmp[2] & 0xF0) >> 4)];
strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[2] & 0x0F) << 2)];
strEncode+= "=";
}
return strEncode;
}
string ZBase64::Decode(const char* Data,int DataByte,int& OutByte)
{
//解码表
const char DecodeTable[] =
{
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
62, // '+'
0, 0, 0,
63, // '/'
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // '0'-'9'
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // 'A'-'Z'
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // 'a'-'z'
};
//返回值
string strDecode;
int nValue;
int i= 0;
while (i < DataByte)
{
if (*Data != '\r' && *Data!='\n')
{
nValue = DecodeTable[*Data++] << 18;
nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 12;
strDecode+=(nValue & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
OutByte++;
if (*Data != '=')
{
nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 6;
strDecode+=(nValue & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
OutByte++;
if (*Data != '=')
{
nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++];
strDecode+=nValue & 0x000000FF;
OutByte++;
}
}
i += 4;
}
else// 回车换行,跳过
{
Data++;
i++;
}
}
return strDecode;
}4.使用示例（结合opencv）
main.cpp
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
#include"ZBase64.h"
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
void main()
{
Mat img = imread("1.bmp");
vector<uchar> vecImg; //Mat 图片数据转换为vector<uchar>
vector<int> vecCompression_params;
vecCompression_params.push_back(CV_IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY);
vecCompression_params.push_back(90);
imencode(".jpg", img, vecImg, vecCompression_params);
ZBase64 base64;
string imgbase64 = base64.Encode(vecImg.data(), vecImg.size()); //实现图片的base64编码
cout << imgbase64 << endl;
}5.效果图
6.方法补充
除了上文的方法，小编还为大家整理了其他C++实现图片转base64的方法，希望对大家有所帮助
方法一
//++Base64.h
#pragma once
class CBase64
{
public:
public:
CBase64();
~CBase64();
/*编码
DataByte
[in]输入的数据长度,以字节为单位
*/
std::string Encode(const char* Data, int DataByte);
/*解码
DataByte
[in]输入的数据长度,以字节为单位
OutByte
[out]输出的数据长度,以字节为单位,请不要通过返回值计算
输出数据的长度
*/
std::string Decode(const char* Data, int DataByte, int& OutByte);
};
//++Base64.cpp
#include"stdafx.h"
#include"Base64.h"
CBase64::CBase64()
{
}
CBase64::~CBase64()
{
}
std::string CBase64::Encode(const char* Data, int DataByte)
{
//编码表
const char EncodeTable[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
//返回值
string strEncode;
unsigned char Tmp[4] = { 0 };
int LineLength = 0;
for (int i = 0; i<(int)(DataByte / 3); i++)
{
Tmp[1] = *Data++;
Tmp[2] = *Data++;
Tmp[3] = *Data++;
strEncode += EncodeTable[Tmp[1] >> 2];
strEncode += EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] << 4) | (Tmp[2] >> 4)) & 0x3F];
strEncode += EncodeTable[((Tmp[2] << 2) | (Tmp[3] >> 6)) & 0x3F];
strEncode += EncodeTable[Tmp[3] & 0x3F];
if (LineLength += 4, LineLength == 76) { strEncode += "\r\n"; LineLength = 0; }
}
//对剩余数据进行编码
int Mod = DataByte % 3;
if (Mod == 1)
{
Tmp[1] = *Data++;
strEncode += EncodeTable[(Tmp[1] & 0xFC) >> 2];
strEncode += EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] & 0x03) << 4)];
strEncode += "==";
}
else if (Mod == 2)
{
Tmp[1] = *Data++;
Tmp[2] = *Data++;
strEncode += EncodeTable[(Tmp[1] & 0xFC) >> 2];
strEncode += EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] & 0x03) << 4) | ((Tmp[2] & 0xF0) >> 4)];
strEncode += EncodeTable[((Tmp[2] & 0x0F) << 2)];
strEncode += "=";
}
return strEncode;
}
std::string CBase64::Decode(const char* Data, int DataByte, int& OutByte)
{
//解码表
const char DecodeTable[] =
{
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
62, // '+'
0, 0, 0,
63, // '/'
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // '0'-'9'
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // 'A'-'Z'
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // 'a'-'z'
};
//返回值
string strDecode;
int nValue;
int i = 0;
while (i < DataByte)
{
if (*Data != '\r' && *Data != '\n')
{
nValue = DecodeTable[*Data++] << 18;
nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 12;
strDecode += (nValue & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
OutByte++;
if (*Data != '=')
{
nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 6;
strDecode += (nValue & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
OutByte++;
if (*Data != '=')
{
nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++];
strDecode += nValue & 0x000000FF;
OutByte++;
}
}
i += 4;
}
else// 回车换行,跳过
{
Data++;
i++;
}
}
return strDecode;
}
以下是读写图片的调用代码：
bool CBusinessDataMgr::ReadPhotoFile(std::basic_string<TCHAR> strFileName,std::string &strData)
{
HANDLE hFile;
hFile = CreateFile(strFileName.c_str(), GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
return false;
}
DWORD dFileSize = GetFileSize(hFile, NULL);
char * pBuffer = new char[dFileSize + 1];
if(pBuffer == NULL)
return false;
memset(pBuffer, 0, dFileSize);
DWORD dReadSize(0);
if (!ReadFile(hFile, pBuffer, dFileSize, &dReadSize, NULL))
{
delete[]pBuffer;
CloseHandle(hFile);
return false;
}
CBase64 base64;
strData = "";
strData = base64.Encode((const char*)pBuffer, dReadSize);
delete[]pBuffer;
CloseHandle(hFile);
return true;
}
bool CBusinessDataMgr::WritePhotoFile(std::basic_string<TCHAR> strFileName, std::string &strData)
{
HANDLE hFile;
hFile = CreateFile(strFileName.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
return false;
}
CBase64 base64;
int datalen(0);
DWORD dwritelen(0);
std::string strdcode = base64.Decode(strData.data(),strData.size(), datalen);
if (!WriteFile(hFile, strdcode.data(), datalen, &dwritelen, NULL))
{
CloseHandle(hFile);
return false;
}
CloseHandle(hFile);
return true;
}方法二
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
static std::string base64Decode(const char* Data, int DataByte) {
//解码表
const char DecodeTable[] =
{
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
62, // '+'
0, 0, 0,
63, // '/'
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // '0'-'9'
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // 'A'-'Z'
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38,
39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // 'a'-'z'
};
std::string strDecode;
int nValue;
int i = 0;
while (i < DataByte) {
if (*Data != '\r' && *Data != '\n') {
nValue = DecodeTable[*Data++] << 18;
nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 12;
strDecode += (nValue & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
if (*Data != '=') {
nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 6;
strDecode += (nValue & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
if (*Data != '=') {
nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++];
strDecode += nValue & 0x000000FF;
}
}
i += 4;
}
else {
Data++;
i++;
}
}
return strDecode;
}
static const std::string base64_chars =
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
"0123456789+/";
std::string base64_encode(const char* bytes_to_encode, unsigned int in_len)
{
std::string ret;
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
unsigned char char_array_3[3];
unsigned char char_array_4[4];
while (in_len--)
{
char_array_3[i++] = *(bytes_to_encode++);
if (i == 3)
{
char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
for (i = 0; (i < 4); i++)
{
ret += base64_chars[char_array_4[i]];
}
i = 0;
}
}
if (i)
{
for (j = i; j < 3; j++)
{
char_array_3[j] = '\0';
}
char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2;
char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4);
char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6);
char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f;
for (j = 0; (j < i + 1); j++)
{
ret += base64_chars[char_array_4[j]];
}
while ((i++ < 3))
{
ret += '=';
}
}
return ret;
}
int main(){
std::fstream f;
f.open("2.jpeg", std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
f.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end); //设置偏移量至文件结尾
std::streampos sp = f.tellg(); //获取文件大小
int size = sp;
char* buffer = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * size);
f.seekg(0, std::ios_base::beg); //设置偏移量至文件开头
f.read(buffer, size); //将文件内容读入buffer
std::string imgBase64 = base64_encode(buffer, size);
std::string s_mat = base64Decode(imgBase64.c_str(), imgBase64.size());
FILE* stream;
if ((stream = fopen("1.JPG", "wb")) != NULL)
{
int numwritten = fwrite(s_mat.data(), sizeof(char), s_mat.size(), stream);
fclose(stream);
} //编码
}
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